All issues
Predecessor
Volume 38, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Mitsuhiro MANAGO, Hiroshi TAMAI, Tohru OGIHARA, Makoto MINO1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 405-414
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the distribution of β-carotene in plasma lipoprotein fractions. In healthy children and adults, LDL contained more β-carotene than did HDL, but in cord blood more β3-carotene was found in HDL than in LDL. After the oral administration of β-carotene, its plasma level rose although its distribution in the individual lipoprotein fractions did not change. Among disease conditions associated with hyperlipidemia, the ratio of β-carotene to plasma lipids was highest in anorexia nervosa, while nephrotic syndrome and diabetes mellitus had similar ratios to each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
Yoshihisa TANAKA, Masaaki SHIMA, Kanji YAMAOKA, Shintaro OKADA, Yoshik ...1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 415-426
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects of retinoic acid (RA), 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25-(OH)2D3), and its synthetic analogue, 22-oxa-1, 25-(OH)2D3, on differentiation of U937 cells by studying the cellular growth, surface marker expression and cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). RA inhibited cellular growth but did not induce expression of Mo2 (CD14), a monocyte/macrophage specific surface marker. To the contrary, 1, 25-(OH)2D3 did not inhibit cellular growth, but increased CD14-positive cells. Simultaneous addition of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 and RA had no additive effect on cellular growth inhibition or CD14 expression. With regard to [Ca2+]i, however, 5 days' incubation with either of them increased the basal [Ca2+]i level and induced U937 cells to respond to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). When the cells were incubated with both 10-6M RA and 10-8M 1, 25-(OH)2D3, basal [Ca2+]i was higher and FMLP caused a greater increase in [Ca2+]i than when only RA or 1, 25-(OH)2D3 was added. These data suggest that RA and 1, 25-(OH)2D3 induce monocytoid differentiation in U937 cells through different pathways and act synergistically in the differentiation process. The 22-oxa-1, 25-(OH)2D3 induced CD14 expression, basal [Ca2+]i increase and [Ca2+]i response to FMLP, but did not cause cellular growth inhibition in U937 cells, and in these points, 22-oxa-1, 25-(OH)2D3 exhibited no significantly different effects from 1, 25-(OH)2D3. Thus, 22-oxa-1, 25-(OH)2D3 has the same potent activity as 1, 25-(OH)2D3 in inducing differentiation of U937 cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1134K) -
Akimori WADA, Makiko MATSUISHI, Tomoko NOBUTO, Masayoshi ITO1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 427-433
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotoreaction of methyl 5, 8-epoxyretinoate was investi-gated. Irradiation of methyl 5, 8-epoxyretinoate in acetonitrile with a light from a high-pressure mercury lamp or a daylight fluorescent lamp afford-ed three new products, which were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. They were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data as 11-(Z), 13-(Z), and 11, 13-di(Z) isomers, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
Fumio HASHIMOTO, Yasuhiro FUJII, Masamichi TOBA, Hiroshi OKAMATSU, Hid ...1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 435-449
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption and endogenous excretion of iron in man was studied by monitoring the fecal excretion of a stable iron isotope (58Fe). The study was carried out for 12 healthy volunteers who were divided into two groups. Group I received 58Fe-labeled ferric ammonium citrate (III) (58FeAC) equivalent to 6 mg of iron as a control, and group II received a combination of 500 mg of vitamin C and 58FeAC. A new formula was used to calculate the 58Fe absorption ratio reflecting the pool of iron in the intestinal cells, and the ratio was compared with that obtained from Janghorbani's formula, which has been used as one of the common methods. As a result, the 58Fe absorption ratio in group II was statistically significantly higher than that of group I (34.4±6.1% vs. 15.0 ±5.5%, M±SD) using Janghorbani's formula. The similar absorption ratio (34.1±6.0% vs. 14.8±5.5%) was also obtained by our new formula. Our results confirmed the previous findings that the availability of iron is stimulated by the supplementation of vitamin C. Both formulae agreed in the absorption of iron, indicating that the endogenous excretion of iron (caused by the desquamated cells) in the intestine does not disguise the iron absorption.View full abstractDownload PDF (1456K) -
Sreemati GHOSH (Sengupta), A. K. CHATTERJEE, Malaya GUPTA1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 451-462
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe brain biochemistry in terms of certain key substances of brain were studied in 18% protein and 6% protein-fed rats following lead ingestion at a level of 1% in the diet. Lead ingestion diminished the protein and increased the RNA content of brain, and, consequently reduced the protein/RNA ratio. The RNA/DNA ratio in brain was elevated in lead toxicity, while the protein/DNA ratio remained unaltered. The RNase and DNase activities of brain were decreased. Lead treatment diminished the glutathione (GSH) level of blood but the GSH level of brain was not altered significantly by the lead treatment. The plasma protein level was also diminished after lead treatment. The effects of lead on some of these parameters were found to be more pronounced in rats receiving the 6% protein diet. The serotonin (5-HT) level of brain was reduced, while the norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels of brain were elevated following lead treatment. The monoamine oxidase (MAO) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activities and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) content of brain were elevated in lead-ingested rats. The effects of lead on thesee parameters were found to be potentiated when the rats were fed on a 6% protein diet. These studies suggest that lead at the present dose affects brain biochemistry in terms of both nucleic acids and amine metabolism, and protein deficiency potenti-ates some of these lead-induced changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1301K) -
Atsushi SATO, Yuzo HIROI, Yasuo NATORI1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 463-469
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipophilic proteins, having higher turnover rates than the average of the total soluble protein pool, were separated from soluble rat-liver proteins onalkyl agarose column. The quantitative immunoprecipitation, using the antibody against the lipophilic proteins, showed that the soluble proteins from the liver of fed rats contained about twice as much lipophilic proteins as that of 3-day-starved rats. This result indicates that the lipophilic proteins, at least. in part, represent labile protein in rat liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Toshio IWATA, Seiko HOSHI, Fumiyuki TAKEHISA, Kentarou TSUTSUMI, Yuji ...1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 471-479
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of dietary safflower phospholipid (Saf-PL) and soybean phospholipid (Soy-PL) on plasma, liver, and fecal lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet was compared with that of triglyceride mixture (controls). Triglyceride mixture (SP-Oil) of safflower oil and palm oil (8:2) contained almost comparable amounts of linoleic acid to safflower phospholipid or soybean phospholipid. Concentration of total cholesterol in plasma of rats fed the Saf-PL and Soy-PL diets were significantly decreased in comparison with that of the SP-Oil diet. Similarly, both Saf-PL and Soy-PL induced a reduction in the concentration of liver cholesterol compared with SP-Oil; Saf-PL indicated the lowest value. Saf-PL only significantly increased the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The level of chylomicron plus very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was lower in rats fed the Saf-PL and Soy-PL diets than that of the SP-Oil diet. The activity of plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was increased in rats fed Saf-PL and Soy-PL. Saf-PL and Soy-PL caused an enhanced excretion of fecal neutral steroids, but not acidic steroids compared with SP-Oil. These results suggest that, in addition to soybean phospholipid, safflower phospholipid suppresses the elevation of plasma and liver cholesterol and that this effect may be brought about by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine.View full abstractDownload PDF (958K) -
Maria Margareth V. N. CABRAL, Valdemiro C. SGARBIERI1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 481-491
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 15, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSummary Utilization of iron from a new cultivar of dry bean (Cario-ca 80 SH) was estimated using anemic rat by two methods: the slope ratio and the hemoglobin regeneration methods. The bean was incorporated into the diet in the form of whole bean flour (WBF) 7.45mg Fe/100g or as partially decorticated bean flour (DBF), 8.57mg Fe/100g. Hemoglo-bin concentration in the rats' blood at the beginning of the experiment averaged 13.79±0.33g Hb/dl; at the end of the depletion period it ranged from 5.62±0.38 to 6.30±0.39 g Hb/dl blood, difference which was not statistically significant (p≤0.05). The bean iron relative biological value (RBV, relative to FeSO4=100) evaluated by the slope ratio method, was 74% for the WBF and 77% for the DBF. The hemoglobin regeneration efficiency was 60.4±6.5, 50.8±3.2, and 52.7±5.7%, respectively, for the iron sulfate (reference source), the WBF, and the DBF.View full abstractDownload PDF (1042K) -
Sadaichi SAKAMOTO, Masahiro MORI, Masaharu OHNAKA, Yoshiaki NIIYAMA1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 493-499
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor estimation of net protein utilization of dietary proteins during pregnancy, obligatory nitrogen losses were measured in protein-deficient rats in which pregnancy was maintained by administration of ovarian steroids. On shift from normal to protein-free diet, urinary nitrogen, expressed as mg/day or mg/ 100 g BW per day, decreased initially rapidly and then gradually during the first two weeks in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats. However, urinary endogenous nitrogen increased during the final week of pregnancy, whereas it continued to decrease in nonpregnant controls. The endogenous urinary nitrogen excretions during early-mid and late pregnancies were significantly higher in pregnant rats (666mg/15 days and 234mg/6 days, respectively) than in nonpregnant animals (585mg/15 days and 153mg/6 days, respectively), indicating pregnancy-induced protein hypercatabolism. The metabolic fecal nitrogen excretions in pregnant and nonpregnant rats were compara-ble. In pregnant rats, a protein-free diet resulted in decrease of basal energy expenditure, from 24kcal/day on day 1 to about 15kcal/day on days 16, 19 and 22 of pregnancy. Thus, the ratio of endogenous urinary nitrogen to basal energy expenditure increased in late pregnancy, indicating that “the law of a constant relationship of minimal nitrogen and energy output” is not applicable to the pregnant animals. We discuss which values for obligatory nitrogen loss should be used for estimating the net utilization efficiency of dietary proteins in pregnancy.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Sadaichi SAKAMOTO, Shinn OKASAKI, Masaharn OHNAKA, Yoshiaki NIIYAMA1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 501-510
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNet protein utilization (NPU) was examined in pregnant rats fed various levels (1, 3, 6, 10 and 20%) of whole egg protein (WEP), based on their obligatory nitrogen losses. On increase in dietary protein, nitrogen balance improved curvilinearly and the NPU decreased exponentially in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats. The utilization efficiency was high in rats fed marginally low protein diets, mainly due to lower urinary nitrogen levels than the obligatory levels of nitrogen loss. The NPUs in pregnant rats fed 1, 3, 6, 10 and 20% WEP diets were 103, 99, 78, 66 and 46, respectively. These values were 15 to 20% higher than those in nonpregnant rats because in pregnant rats obligatory urinary nitrogen loss was higher and the animals took more energy. The problems in application of the NPUs in pregnant rats for estimating the protein allowance of pregnant humans are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
Michaela DVIR, David KOHELET, Eliana ARBEL, Michael GOLDBERG1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 511-515
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUmbilical arterial and venous blood samples were obtained at birth immediately after clamping the cord in 38 infants. Simultaneously, maternal arterial samples were collected. Arterial blood samples were analyzed for acid-base blood gas content and venous blood samples were analyzed for plasma ascorbic acid levels. The umbilical plasma ascorbic acid level was significantly higher when compared with maternal plasma levels (172.9±39.2 vs. 57.8±21.0, tmol/liter, p<0.0001). Correlations between maternal ascorbic acid levels and umbilical cord levels proved to be insignificant. Umbilical ascorbic acid levels in the 2 groups of infants characterized by the presence or absence of fetal distress showed signifi-cantly higher levels in the fetal distressed group (17 infants) when compared to the non-distressed group (21 infants)-191.9±36.0 vs. 157.4 ±34.6μmol/liter, p<0.005. The use of an umbilical cord ascorbic acid cut-off point of 95.8μmol/liter gave a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 67% as predictors for the presence or absence of fetal distress (p<0.025). The results of the present study demonstrate a substantial increase in ascorbic acid levels in infants exposed to intrapartum fetal distress, without any clinical sign of such insult at or after birth.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
Hiroshi DANNO, Yuu JINCHO, Slamet BUDIYANTO, Yuji FURUKAWA, Shuichi KI ...1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 517-521
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe determined a method to measure the triglyceride levels in tissues by using a modified enzymatic kit. This enzymatic kit was originally designed to be used to measure the triglyceride levels in plasma. Our method of triglyceride level determination includes dissolving the tissue lipid extracts in an alcohol. Before using the enzymatic kit directly, the lipids were dissolved in tent-butyl alcohol, then a Triton X-100/methyl alcohol mixture was added (1/1 by volume). The presence of organic surfactants such as tent-butyl alcohol and methyl alcohol, and of a surfactant such as Triton X-100, did not interfere with the enzymatic activity. This method enabled us to determine triglyceride levels between 10 and 90 nmol, by using a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbances.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Noriko TANAKA, Tetsu HAYAKAWA, Katsuya ZYO, Seiki HORI1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 523-528
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of dietary protein restriction on skeletal muscle fibers were studied according to morphological and biochemical ap-proaches. Protein and DNA content of quadriceps muscles from young adult rats were decreased by the low protein and protein-free diet. Morphological examination demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in the size of muscle fibers without change in their numbers due to protein restriction. The protein/DNA ratio, accepted as an index of cell size in biochemical approaches, was compared with cell size on photo-micrographs. Actual fiber size appeared much smaller than that indicated by the protein/DNA ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (1038K) -
Toshihiro SHIODA, Takashi KAWASAKI1992 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 529-533
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of thiamin triphosphate (TTP) on contraction of chemically skinned fibers prepared from the extensor digitorum longus muscle of guinea pigs were investigated. The addition of TTP at 40μM concentration affected neither Ca2+ uptake nor Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release by sarcoplasmic reticulum. Contraction of myofibril was not affected by TTP either.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|