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Volume 31, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Hitoshi ISHIDA, Yutaka SEINO, Shigeru MATSUKURA, Seiichi ISHIZUKA, Hir ...1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate mineral and vitamin D metabolism in obese rats with hyperinsulinemia, plasma calcium and vitamin D meta-bolites were measured in Zucker fa/fa rats. Body weight, plasma insulin, and calcium in fa/fa rats were significantly increased compared to their lean littermates (p<0.01). However, no significant difference in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1, 25-dihy-droxyvitamin D (1, 25(OH)2D) or the ratio of 1, 25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D was observed between fa/fa rats and their lean littermates. The hypercal-cemia in the rats with hyperinsulinemia, therefore, might be caused by other calcium-regulating hormones or some factors other than 1, 25-(OH)2D. In addition, the hyperinsulinemia associated with obesity may not produce the accelerated conversion from 25(OH)D into 1, 25(OH)2D.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Shohei OGOSHI, Hiroshi SATO, Terukazu MUTO, Yoshinori ITOKAWA, Tadashi ...1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 7-20
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the utility of a trial multivitamin preparation ‘NK-041’ for total parenteral nutrition. This preparation was used in 260 surgical patients during total parenteral nutrition, and changes in their blood vitamin levels were analyzed. Blood levels of all vitamins adminis-tered varied within the respective normal ranges, with few exceptional patients. During the administration of NK-041, avitaminosis, hyper-vitaminosis and side-effects were not observed. Laboratory examinations demonstrated that no abnormalities attributable to this preparation had arisen in these patients. Thus, these results seem to warrant the conclusion that NK-041 is useful as a multivitamin preparation for total parenteral nutrition, with no adverse effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1262K) -
Chiharu TSUTSUMI, Norimasa HOSOYA, Sachiko MORIUCHI1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol(1, 25-(OH)2-D3) injection into developing chick embryos on bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) levels in bone and serum were observed in relation to those on calcium metabolism using chick embryos and chicks aged from 13 days' incubation to 7 days of age. Chick BGP was determined by radioimmunoassay using antiserum to purified chick BGP. The injection of 1, 25-(OH)2-D3 into the developing chick embryos of 13 days' incubation resulted in the increases of bone BGP levels at hatching and at 2 days of age. However, the distribution of bone BGP at hatching was not influenced by 1, 25-(OH)2-D3. On the other hand, serum BGP levels were significantly increased by 1, 25-(OH)2-D3 at 14, 15, 18 days' incubation and at 2 days of age. The early changes of serum BGP levels after 1, 25-(OH)2-D3 treatment were correlated with the increases of serum calcium concentrations and the decreases of inorganic phosphorus concentrations. These results suggest that 1, 25-(OH)2-D3 may directly or indirectly mediate BGP synthesis or secretion associated with calcium metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Shoichi TANAAMI, Shinichiro KATAMINE, Nobuyuki HOSHINO, Koji TOTSUKA, ...1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 29-42
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA histopathological study was conducted on rats fed on a diet containing iodine-enriched eggs over the long term, 7 and 19 months. A laboratory powder chow was added at the 1% (w/w) level with ordinary egg powder (ordinary egg diet as control:35μg iodine/100g diet) or iodine-enriched egg powder (iodine-enriched egg diet: 392μg iodine/100g diet). The animals were meal-fed twice a day and allowed unrestricted voluntary wheel-running. In general, organs, tissues and endocrine glands including thyroid glands from rats of the iodine-enriched egg diet group exhibited no significant difference in histopathological features as compared with those of the ordinary egg diet group. These results suggest that long-term feeding of a considerable amount of iodine through an iodine-enriched egg diet did not cause any specific excess-iodine toxicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (3134K) -
Kayoko KANEKO, Goro KOIKE1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 43-52
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUtilization and requirement of egg protein in Japanese women with two levels of energy intake were estimated. In experiment 1, fifteen female students were given semi-purified diet containing whole egg as the sole nitrogen source for 12 days. Nitrogen intakes were 50 for five, 75 for two and 100 mg N/kg for eight subjects. Habitual energy intake was determined individually by detailed inquiry about the foods consumed before the experiment was started. Mean energy intake was 33 kcal/kg. In experiment 2, eighteen other subjects were given the same diet containing four intake levels of egg protein (30, 50, 75, 100mgN/kg) with an energy intake of about 100 kcal/day added to that calculated by the food intake inquiry. The mean energy intake was 37 kcal/kg. The total nitrogen contents of the experimental diet, urine and feces were analyzed and the nitrogen balance was estimated from these figures. Significant rectilinear relations were found between nitrogen intake (X, mg N/kg) and balance (Y, mg N/kg). The regression equations were;
Experiment 1: Y=0.256X-34.4 (n=15, r=0.742)
Experiment 2: Y=0.326X-29.7 (n=18, r=0.645)
The maintenance intakes of whole egg protein for apparent nitrogen equilibrium were calculated to be 134 and 91 mg N/kg with energy intakes of 33 and 37 kcal/kg, respectively. Net protein utilization (NPU) and digestibility of egg protein were calculated using the obligatory N losses previously determined in Japanese women. The NPUs at the maintenance level of egg protein with energy intakes of 33 and 37 kcal/kg were estimated as 31 and 47, respectively. The mean digestibility of egg protein was 96%.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K) -
Akifumi ONO, Hisanori MINAMI, Maki KONDOH, Hiroshi HAGIHIRA1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 53-68
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter ligature of the pancreatic duct (PDL), the body weight of rats decreased for several days, but began to increase from day 7, returning to that at the time of the operation on day 14. In these PDL animals, the weight gain was not due to improved digestion resulting from duodenal leakage of pancreatic enzymes or a compensatory increase of proteolytic enzyme activities in the intestinal mucosa. There was no significant difference in pepsin activities in the gastric contents and mucosa of control and PDL rats. However, acidic proteolytic activity, with a pH range between 1 and 4 and an optimum at pH 2.8, was found to be extremely high in the intestinal contents of PDL rats. Furthermore, the intraluminal pH of PDL rats was maintained below 4.0, especially in the upper small intestine, because of the absence of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, suggesting that compensatory digestion by acidic proteolysis accounted in part for the growth of PDL rats. The transit time of orally administered material through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in PDL rats was longer than that in control rats on days 7 and 14. These results suggest that the weight gain of PDL rats was caused by compensatory digestion by acidic proteolysis in the small intestine and prolongation of the transit time through the GI tract.View full abstractDownload PDF (1295K) -
Munehiro YOSHIDA, Ichiro HARA1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 69-76
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of chlorobenzene-induced alteration in glutathione levels on cysteine metabolism in rat liver were investigated. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with chlorobenzene (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0mmol/kg body weight). Both hepatic glutathione and Cysteine levels were dose-dependently decreased by the chlorobenzene 6 h after the injection. However, at 24h, the glutathione in the rats with chlorobenzene increased significantly as compared to that in the rats without chloroben-zene. Concomitant to the elevation in glutathione levels, hepatic glu-tathione synthesis activities were increased by the chlorobenzene by 68-111%. On the other hand, no significant difference between the rats with and without chlorobenzene was observed as regards cysteine levels at 24h. Hepatic glutamate, glycine, methionine and serine levels were unaltered but hepatic taurine levels were significantly decreased by the chlorobenzene at both 6 and 24h. Chlorobenzene administration had no effect on hepatic cystathionane synthase and cystathionase activities. These results indicate that a transient loss of hepatic glutathione, caused by the administration of chlorobenzene, resulted in an acceleration of glu-tathione synthesis and an increase of cysteine demand in the liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
Hiroshi DOI, Mitsuko HIRAMATSU, Fumio IBUKI, Masao KANAMORI1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 77-87
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhey is a by-product of the manufacture of cheese from milk. The usual practice is to dispose of it, the usage of whey being not sufficiently developed, though it contains proteins of excellent quality such as β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin. Interaction between κ-casein and whey protein was examined in order to form new food materials. Gelation of the heat-induced complex between κ-casein and α-lactalbumin is described in this paper.
α-Lactalbumin was easily separated from whey protein by the gel filtration technique on a Toyopearl HW-50 column at pH 6.0. Heat treatment facilitated the hydrolysis of a mixture of κ-casein and α-lactalbumin by trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and pronase.
Heat treatment at above 75°C and a protein level of over 5% were needed to form gel in 35mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, containing 0.4M NaCl. The temperature was in agreement with that at which α-lactalbumin denatured and formed the complex with κ-casein. Decrease of soluble protein concentration and increase of turbidity were induced with gelation. Gel was not formed when only κ-casein or α-lactalbumin was heated under the appropriate conditions. It was considered that a κ-casein-α-lactalbumin gel was formed from a complex of the two proteins by heat treatment. The breaking stress of κ-casein-α-lactalbumin gel was less than that of κ-casein-β-lactoglobulin gel.
If the pH was reduced to 5.8 after complex formation by the two proteins, gel was formed at a low protein concentration compared with that with no alteration of pH.View full abstractDownload PDF (1622K) -
Tomoko HARA, Masako MUKUNOKI, Ikuyo TSUKAMOTO, Masamitsu MIYOSHI1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 89-98
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comprehensive study of the preparative procedure of Kintoki bean lectin resulted in the resolution of the lectin into four Isolectins whose pIs varied from 5.19 to 5.67. They agglutinated human, goat, hen and mouse erythrocytes, but not those of cow. The more acidic the isolectins, the less active were the erythrocyte agglutination and the more active the stimulation of sheep lymphocytes. Although the general patterns of amino acid composition were similar, characterized by higher contents of aspartic acid, leucine and valine and lack of sulfur-containing amino acids, differences were found in a few amino acids such as phenylalanine, valine and lysine. Each lectin seems to be a tetramer of a 33, 000 dalton subunit which is thought to differ in charge from lectin to lectin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1738K) -
Kayoko KANEKO, Takayo INAYAMA, Goro KOIKEI1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 99-106
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUtilization and requirement of soy protein isolate (SPI) and SPI-rice combination were examined in twenty-five female students. After 1 day on protein-free diet, each subject received a low-protein diet for 10 days. The protein sources were SPI for ten subjects and SPI-rice combination, in which the ratio of two proteins was 6:4, for fifteen subjects. The nitrogen intakes were about 45, 65 and 85mg/kg in both the two series of experiments. Energy intake was at an approximate maintenance level of 36.1±3.0 kcal/kg. Apparent nitrogen balance improved with increase in nitrogen intake. The regression equations between nitrogen intake (X, mg/kg) and balance (Y, mg/kg) are shown in the following:
SPI: Y=0.411X-40.8 (n=10, r=0.812)
SPI and rice protein: Y=0.392X-32.7 (n=15, r=0.739) From the above equations, the maintenance intakes of SPI and SPI-rice combination for an apparent nitrogen equilibrium were calculated to be 99 and 83 mg N/kg, respectively. Digestibilities were 98.2±5.0% for SPI and 93.1 ±6.10 for SPI-rice combination. The NPUs of SPI at intake levels of 40, 60 and 80mg N/kg were 47±24 (n=4), 49 (n=2) and 44±3 (n=4), respectively. The NPUs of SPI and rice mixed protein at intake levels of 45, 70 and 90 mg N/kg were 67±13 (n=5), 51±7 (n=5) and 54±12 (n=5), respectively. It was concluded from the present study that both SPI and the SPI-rice combination had a high nutritive efficiency comparable with that of egg protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
S. SHAH, N. NATH1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 107-113
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn appreciable decrease in the contents of prostatic ascor-bic acid and dehydroascorbic acid along with an increase in diketogulonic acid was seen in rats ten days after castration. Castration caused a decrease in the activities of such biosynthetic enzymes as L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase and D-glucuronolactone-δ-hydrolase with no significant alteration in the activity of L-gulono-γ-lactone hydrolase in the rat prostate. The activity of dehydroascorbatase, one of the degrading enzymes was, however, found to be elevated in castration. The implication of these results has been discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
Masahiro TAKADA, Teruaki YUZURIHA, Kouichi KATAYAMA, Chiyuki YAMATO, N ...1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 115-120
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1431K) -
Kimio SUGIYAMA, Momoko OZAWA, Keiichiro MURAMATSU1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 121-125
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (453K) -
1985 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 127
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (112K)
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