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Volume 30 (1984)
- Issue 6 Pages 509-
- Issue 5 Pages 405-
- Issue 4 Pages 307-
- Issue 3 Pages 209-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 30, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Toshio OKANO, Sonoko MASUDA, Masako ISHIMINE, Junko MURAI, Yukako YAMA ...1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 91-100
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe binding proteins for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25-OH-D3) in rat lymph and plasma were purified to apparent homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis. The purification procedures included the following techniques: gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and G-200; affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B; ion-exchange chromatography on DEAF-Sepharose CL-6B; chromatofocussing on a Mono P column. Both proteins from lymph and plasma were eluted with the same retention time from an isoelectric column at a pH of approximately 4.53 and showed nearly identical data on the analysis of amino acid composition. When specific anti-lymph 25-OH-D3-binding protein antiserum was prepared in a rabbit, and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion was performed, the same precipitate line was observed on both lymph and plasma binding proteins. These results strongly suggest that a common transport protein exists in both rat lymph and plasma and circulates in the blood-lymph system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1157K) -
Kazuko HIRAI, Yoshimi OHNO, Takayo NAKANO, Kazuko IZUTANI1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 101-112
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of dietary fats and phytosterol on the fatty acid composition and lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were studied in female rats, with the following results. (1) The addition of 1% cholesterol to the 20% butter diet decreased the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to saturated fatty acid (SFA) in serum. This phenomenon was negated when there was an intake of cod liver oil and wheat germ oil. (2) when cholesterol was added to the 20% butter diet, the serum total cholesterol increased 3.7-fold, due to an increase in the lower density lipoprotein (LDL+VLDL). (3) The addition of 5% phytosterol to the 10% buttercholesterol diet reduced the total cholesterol level and increased the ratio of cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL) to the cholesterol in LDL +VLDL. Although a 10% cod liver oil addition also reduced the total cholesterol level, the ratio of HDL/LDL+VLDL was similar to that of the 10% butter-cholesterol diet. (4) A direct relationship was found between the concentration of oleic acid (18:1) in serum and the total cholesterol level (r=0.947) and also the level of LDL+VLDL-cholesterol (r=0.935). These results show that cod liver oil, wheat germ oil, and phytosterol induce an increase in the PUFA/SFA ratio, promote hypocholesterolemia, and change lipoprotein concentration. However, there were indications that no relationship exists between the change in the total cholesterol level and the change in the ratio of HDL/LDL+VLDL, and that the increase of total cholesterol and LDL+VLDL-cholesterol was consistent with the increase of oleic acid in serum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1088K) -
Hiroo SANADA, Motoyoshi MIYAZAKI1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 113-123
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn tryptophan-niacin metabolism, a-amino-J3-carboxymuconate-E-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) [EC 4.1.1.45] is known to play an important role by catalyzing the decarboxylation of aamino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde, a metabolite of tryptophan which cyclizes spontaneously to form quinolinate. In this study, we investigated the effect of either dietary protein or amino acids on the activity of ACMSD in rats. When rats were fed on a high-protein diet ad libitum for several days, their liver ACMSD activity was greatly increased. Kidney ACMSD activity was also slightly elevated by a high-protein diet. Tryptophan, a precursor of the substrate of ACMSD, was not responsible for the increase of ACMSD activity caused by high-protein diet. On the contrary, insufficiency of dietary tryptophan rather elevated ACMSD activity. The increased amount of amino acids other than tryptophan in the diet resulted in the elevation of liver and kidney ACMSD activities. Although the increase of essential amino acids in the diet slightly elevated the liver ACMSD activity, the enzyme activity was enhanced markedly by feeding the diet containing both essential and nonessential amino acids in high concentrations. These results indicate that at least several amino acids, including some essential and nonessential ones, are responsible for the elevation of ACMSD activity which is induced by high-protein diet. Since liver ACMSD activity in adrenalectomized rats was also increased by feeding a high-protein diet, adrenocortical hormone was thought to be unnecessary for such enzyme induction.View full abstractDownload PDF (926K) -
Toshizo KIMURA, Kenji IIDA, Yoko TAKEI1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 125-133
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the mechanism of the adverse effects of air-oxidized oil feeding, the effects of dietary soy bean oil on body weight gain, food consumption, fecal consistency and gastrointestinal functions were investigated inrats. Feeding of oxidized soy bean oil with a peroxide value above 350 produced significant reductions in body weight gain, food consumption and intestinal sucrase activity, and severe diarrhea. These adverse effects were prevented with the concurrent feeding of Gobo dietary fiber and were rapidly eliminated within a day after switching to the diet containing the unoxidized soy bean oil. Furthermore, the remarkable release of sucrase from the small intestine was observed on perfusion of the jejunum with Ringer's bicarbonate solution containing the oxidized soy bean oil at the 1% level. These findings suggest that the adverse effects occurring after air-oxidized oil feeding are due to a disturbance of gastrointestinal functions, and raise the possibility that the primary cause might be solubilization or exfoliation of the brush border membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K) -
Shuzo FUJITA, Hidetsugu FUWA1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 135-142
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of potato-starch granules (PSG) on sucrase and isomaltase activities in the small intestinal mucosa of rats were examined by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-300 column. Young and adult rats were administered the diet containing 50% of either PSG or pregelatinized potato starch (PPS) as a control for 7 days. Mucosal homogenates were prepared from the small intestine and separated into their component disaccharidases on the column. The sucrase activity, increased by feeding young rats on the PSG diet, was detected in the sucrase-Isomaltase complex by changing the activity ratio of the two enzymes. In adult rats, however, the complex seemed to be mature and the increased sucrase moiety was newly combined with a free isomaltase moiety and comprised a portion of the complex. These changes were observed not only in soluble disaccharidases but also in membrane-bound ones. Furthermore, there was a remarkable change of sucrase activity in the distal portion of the small intestine rather than in the proximal.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
S. HAUSCHILDT, K. BRAND1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 143-152
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale albino rats (110-120g) were fed for 10 days on an amino acid diet low in nitrogen (nitrogen =1.05%) devoid of valine, leucine and isoleucine and supplemented with branched-chain a-ketoacids (9.4%) (BCKA-diet). Pair-fed controls received an isocaloric diet (AAdiet) which contained the three branched-chain amino acids (1.4%) instead of the a-ketoacids (nitrogen=1.2%). A third group was fed on a standard diet. Measuring rates of incorporation of radioactive leucine, valine and their corresponding a-ketoacids into liver, kidney, heart and brain proteins of rats fed on a standard diet revealed that in liver, branched-chain c ketoacids are incorporated to a lesser extent than the corresponding amino acids. The same was also observed with the BCKA-diet, while the AA-diet reduced BCAA incorporation with the consecutive improvement of the relative incorporation of BCKA over that of BCAA.
Injection of branched-chain amino and α-ketoacids results in equal rates of incorporation in kidney and heart proteins. Injecting branched-chain α-ketoacids leads to higher incorporation rates in brain than injecting branched-chain amino acids. Thus rates of incorporation of branchedchain α-ketoacids differ dependent on the tissue and on the diet applied. They are not consistent with those of branched-chain amino acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (995K) -
Takashi IDE, Iwahiko YAMAMOTO, Michihiro SUGANO1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 153-162
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPerfused livers from rats fed different fats were used to examine the effect of dietary fat on the rate of hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and fatty acid metabolism. Dietary fats (10% level) used were safflower oil (18:2), camellia oil (18:1) and tristearin (18:0). The results were compared with those obtained from rats fed on a low-fat diet (1% safflower oil). When no oleate substrate was infused, triglyceride secretion rates were approximately the same among the different fat groups. Infusion of the fatty acid substrate increased the secretion of triglyceride to a similar extent in 10% fat groups while the magnitude of increase was more pronounced in the low-fat group. The magnitude of increases in ketone body production due to fatty acid supply was dependent either on the amount or the type of fat; the smallest on a low-fat diet and the greatest on a camellia oil diet. Rates of secretion cholesterol and phospholipid were modified by neither the amount nor the type of fat used. It was suggested that dietary fat may alter the rate of fatty acid catabolism without modifying lipoprotein synthesis. Safflower oil distinctly modified the fatty acid profile of triglyceride secreted. Polyunsaturated fat may exert its potent hypocholesterolemic effect through the modification of the composition of lipoprotein secreted.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K) -
Kiwao NAKANO, Reiko MIZUTANI1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 163-170
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of vitamin A depletion on the functional state of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was evaluated in rats. Urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) significantly increased in the vitamin A-depleted rats. Vitamin A depletion caused a significant increase in NE turnover in heart and spleen, which was determined from the rate of fall in NE content in these tissues after blockade of NE biosynthesis. In rats rendered vitamin A depleted there was a loss in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors in the spleen with a concomitant decrease in the apparent KD for the receptors. These changes in beta-adrenoceptors were prevented by administration of quinacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor. The effects of quinacrine on such changes indicate that phospholipids may be involved in modulating the changes in the number of receptors and their affinity to the ligand. This study suggests that the SNS in rat spleen and heart are stimulated following vitamin A depletion.View full abstractDownload PDF (886K) -
Hirosuke OKU, Takashi IDE, Michihiro SUGANO1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 171-178
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of gelatinization of dietary starch (wheat, corn and potato) on the distribution of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase along the small intestine of rats was studied in villus and crypt cell populations isolated by graduated scraping. Gelatinized starch preferentially stimulated jejunal reductase activity in both villus and crypt cells and consequently retained the ileojejunal gradient for the reductase activity which is characteristic for rats fed on a sucrose or glucose-enriched semi-purified diet. The distribution of the reductase in rats fed the raw starches, however, depended on the degree of gelatinization of the preparations; raw wheat starch maintained the ileojejunal gradient, whereas the corn or potato starch eliminated the gradient, and with the latter in particular, the reductase activity tended to be higher in the ileum than in the jejunum. The digestibility of dietary starches seems to be closely related to the intertissue distribution of the intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (817K) -
Nobuko IRITANI, Yumiko IKEDA, Hitomi FUKUDA1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 179-185
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome impairments related to membrane function were found in linoleic acid-deficient rats and the effects of fish oil feeding were investigated. In linoleic acid-deficient rats, glucose transport into erythrocytes was decreased. The concentrations of plasma free fatty acids were significantly reduced in the animals. Further, epinephrine-stimulated lipase was remarkably less sensitive to epinephrine in the deficient rat than in the corn oil-fed control rat. However, these impairments were relieved by fish oil feeding. Therefore, the impairments may be ascribed to the decrease of arachidonic acid as a polyunsaturated fatty acid in membrane phospholipids, since n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to take the place of arachidonic acid. Key Words linoleic acid deficiency, fish oil, lipolysis, glucose transportView full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Motoni KADOWAKI, Tadashi NOGUCHI, Hiroshi NAITO1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 187-198
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the role of skeletal muscle in the regulation of plasma amino acid levels, we investigated the response of skeletal muscle to changes in plasma amino acid levels using the perfusion technique of rat hindquarters. The hindquarters of overnight-fasted rats were perfused with a medium containing no amino acids (0×) and amino acids with plasma levels simulating normal (1×) or 5 times the normal levels (5×). Each amino acid level in the perfusate changed in various ways during a 2 h perfusion. The characteristics of amino acid flows in response to the changes in their perfusate levels were divided into four groups as follows: the amino acids which are always taken up irrespective of their plasma levels: glutamate and aspartate; those which are always released: alanine, glutamane and glycine; those which are taken up or released depending on their plasma levels: valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine and (threonine); and those which are released at lower, but neither taken up nor released, at higher plasma levels: tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, lysine and proline. Comparing these results with the data of liver perfusion (Bloxam, D. L. (1971): Br. J. Nutr., 26, 393-422), we assumed that skeletal muscle plays a role complementary to liver in the regulation of plasma amino acid levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (1200K) -
Koichi YAOI, Shigeo NAKAGAWA, Makoto MIND1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 199-203
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (476K) -
Manabu KUWADA, Kouichi KATAYAMA, Yoshikazu SUZUKI1984 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 205-208
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (422K)
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