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Volume 42 (1996)
- Issue 6 Pages 497-
- Issue 5 Pages 377-
- Issue 4 Pages 257-
- Issue 3 Pages 173-
- Issue 2 Pages 77-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 42, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Shino NEMOTO, Megumi OTSUKA, Nobuhiko ARAKAWA1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 77-85
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of ascorbate on cell growth was examined using primary cultured hepatocytes and chondrocytes elicited from guinea pigs and six kinds of cell lines derived from the tissue and blood of mammals. Cells were cultured in medium supplemented with or without ascorbate at various concentrations for 24 and 48h. There were differences among the cells used here in the effect of ascorbate on growth, and also in the concentrations of ascorbate required to lower cell viabilities. This indicates that different cell species have varying sensitivities to ascorbate in medium. On the other hand, cells such as HL-60, which showed growth inhibition at higher concentrations of ascorbate in medium among observed cells, were damaged by the exposure to higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the activity of catalase in cells that decomposed H2O2 and the concentration of ascorbate required to lower cell viability (p<0.01). These results indicate that the concentration of ascorbate in medium required to inhibit cell growth depends on the activity of catalase in the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1078K) -
Liu ASATO, Ming-Fu WANG, Yin-Ching CHAN, Shu-Hui YEH, Hei-Mei CHUNG, S ...1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 87-96
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous study we observed favorable effects of egg white on serum lipids in rats and mice. The present study was designed to elucidate these effects in 24 female university students with moderate hypercholesterolemia. About 30% of total protein was supplied with egg white, tofu or cheese. The experiment was conducted for a complete menstruation cycle of each subject. Lipid intake was about 30% of total energy intake. The energy intake of each subject was constant throughout the experiment. Body weight was measured every morning. Daily activity was measured by a pedometer. Blood was withdrawn after an overnight fast on the first, 15th and last days and serum lipids were measured. Body weight and daily activity were maintained in all the groups throughout the experiment. The egg white group showed a similar decrease in the total cholesterol (Total-C) concentration but a greater increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration as compared to the tofu group and a greater decrease in Total-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and a greater increase in the HDL-C concentration as compared to the cheese group (p<0.05). The results indicate the favorable effects of egg white in the control of hypercholesterolemia.View full abstractDownload PDF (1283K) -
Yasuko SANNOUMARU, Jun SHIMIZU, Kahoru NAKAMURA, Takashi HAYAKAWA, Tos ...1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 97-110
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRats were fed diets, each of which contained 5 % of the semi-purified dietary fiber (DF) preparations from three kinds of foods, continuously for a total of 7 weeks. The fat level was varied, and cholesterol (Chol) was added toward the end of the experimental period. After 7 weeks, decreases of serum and liver Chol concentrations were observed in the Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) group when compared to the cellulose (CP) group. In the absence of Chol, fecal excretions of several secondary bile acids and total bile acids were affected by the type of DF, showing an increase particularly in the Shiitake group. Total neutral steroid excretions were decreased in the test DF groups compared to the CP group at both fat levels, and were increased by Chol supplementation in all of the test DF groups. It was demonstrated that the effects of the three DF preparations on fecal steroid excretions somewhat differed depending on the dietary factors. In the absence of Chol, the lithocholic acid (LCA)/deoxycholic acid (DCA) ratio was significantly lowered in the test DF groups compared to the CP group by the fat level elevation, and was affected by the interaction of fiber with fat. This ratio responded more intensely to the dietary factors than the two other indices (composition ratios of fecal bile acids). However, this response was lost in the presence of Chol. These results suggest that further studies are warranted to examine if the intense response of the LCA/DCA ratio to the tested DF preparations and fat in the present study will also be shown to other DF and what significance it has in evaluating the function of DF.View full abstractDownload PDF (1697K) -
Hideo MAEDA, Miho FUJIWARA, Kazuko FUJITA, Nobuhiro FUKUDA1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 111-120
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of emeriamine, a potent inhibitor of the entry of fatty acids into mitochondria on lipid metabolism, was examined. Emeriamine (10mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to rats under the two different physiological conditions of a 2-day fast or refeeding with a high-carbohydrate diet after a 2-day fast. When rats were refed with a high-carbohydrate diet, serum and hepatic ketone bodies and the levels of free fatty acids decreased, and triglycerides significantly increased compared with fasting rats. However, no significant effect of emeriamine on serum and hepatic lipids was observed between two refeeding groups with or without emeriamine. Conversely, when emeriamine was administered to fasting rats, the levels of serum and hepatic triglycerides increased about 11 and 5-fold, respectively. However, the increased level of hepatic triglycerides was not accompanied by the activities of fatty acid synthetase and NADPH-generating enzymes. The analysis of serum lipoprotein revealed that very low-density lipoprotein consisted of triglyceriderich particles and there were less apolipoproteins in the fasting rat given emeriamine. We also determined the 120-kDa protein content, which was probably dependent on lipogenesis. The level of 120-kDa protein was greatly increased with or without the administration of emeriamine after refeeding with a high-carbohydrate diet, but the concentration of 120kDa protein was slight in the fasting rat with emeriamine. These results suggest that specific inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by emeriamine diverted the exogenous fatty acid to the esterification pathway, and induced fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia under fasting conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1621K) -
Atsushi MANABE, Chew Chuang CHENG, Yukari EGASHIRA, Takeo OHTA, Hiroo ...1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 121-132
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of dietary protein on the elevation of activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in D-galactosamine-injected rats were investigated. The rats fed with experimental diets containing test protein sources for 2 weeks were injected with D-galactosamine (0.8 g⋅kg-1 body weight). The activities of AST and ALT in serum were assayed after 20 h. According to the results, these enzyme activities in the rats fed 40% casein diet were higher than those of 5, 10, or 20% casein groups. In the 40% gluten group, these enzyme activities were lower than in the 40% casein group. This difference was not considered to be caused by the deficit of L-lysine and L-threonine in gluten. The extent of the reduction of UTP and UDPglucose in liver by D-galactosamine was almost the same in the 40% gluten and 40% casein groups. These results suggest that levels and quality of dietary protein affect the susceptibility of animals to the hepatotoxin D-galactosamine and dietary gluten was found to alleviate the elevation of serum transaminases in rats by the drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (1505K) -
Tatsuhiro MATSUO, Masashige SUZUKI1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 133-143
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects of dietary fats consisting of different fatty acids on α2-adrenergic receptor binding in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Sprague-Dawley male rats were meal-fed isoenergetic diets based on safflower oil or beef tallow for 8 weeks. α2-Adrenergic receptor bindings were determined with [3H] para-aminoclonidine. Binding affinities of α2-adrenergic receptor in the hypothalamus and cortex were significantly higher in the beef tallow diet group. The values of the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and the fluidity of the plasma membrane in the hypothalamus and cortex were lower in the beef tallow diet group than in the safflower oil diet group. These results suggest that the beef tallow diet decreases membrane fluidity by altering the fatty acid composition in rat brain regions. Consequently, α2-adrenergic receptor binding affinities in the brain regions are higher in rats fed the beef tallow diet than in rats fed the safflower oil diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (1383K) -
Fumiki MORIMATSU, Michiko ITO, Slamet BUDIJANTO, Itaru WATANABE, Yuji ...1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 145-153
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of papain-hydrolyzed pork meat on plasma and liver cholesterol levels were studied in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. In rats fed the low-molecular-weight fraction of papain-hydrolyzed pork meat, the plasma cholesterol concentration, more particularly the VLDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations, were significantly lower (p<0.01) than in the rats fed untreated pork meat or soybean protein. Feeding with this fraction rather than with untreated pork meat also led to a significantly lower liver cholesterol concentration (p<0.01) and increased fecal excretion of neutral and acidic steroids. The low-molecular-weight fraction contained peptides with molecular weights of 3, 000 or less and had an amino acid composition similar to that of pork meat itself. This study suggests that peptides produced by papain-hydrolysis of pork meat have a hypocholesterolemic activity through their interference with the steroid absorption process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1037K) -
József BARNA, Cyörgy SIMON1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 155-160
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption rate of radiolabelled nutrients (22Na, 45Ca, [35S]methionine, [3H]leucine) was investigated in vivo in Sprague-Dawley rats at the end of a feeding period of 135 days on a semisynthetic diet containing 32% sweet paprika powder. No effect was seen on the intestinal absorption of these compounds, nor on the nutritive experimental parameters in these animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
Hiroyuki TAKEUCHI, Tatsuhiro MATSUO, Kumpei TOKUYAMA, Masashige SUZUKI1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 161-166
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of dietary fat type on β-oxidation of brown adipose tissue and Na+ channel density of brain nerve membrane was studied in rats. Rats were fed an experimental diet containing lard, high oleic safflower oil, safflower oil or linseed oil for 12 weeks. The activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase and cytochrome oxidase in brown adipose tissue were significantly lower in rats fed the lard diet than in those fed the high-oleic safflower oil diet, safflower oil diet or linseed oil diet. However, the peroxisomal β-oxidation activity in brown adipose tissue was significantly higher in rats fed the lard diet than in those fed the other diet. The Na+ channel density in brain nerve membrane was not significantly different among the diet groups. These results suggest that intake of the lard diet rich in saturated fatty acids, compared with the vegetable oil diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids decrease mitochondrial β-oxidation in brown adipose tissue, and that the dietary fat type has a differential effect on mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation in brown adipose tissue.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Takashi YOKOTA, Hiroshi OHAMI, Hihumi OHISHI, Takashi HATTORI, Kenji W ...1996 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 167-172
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA crude antioxidant preparation from fermented okara (NTX) was examined for its protection against the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer in water-immersed rats. The areas of gastric mucosal lesions as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, prostaglandin E2 and hyaluronic acid in the gastric mucosa were measured in relation to the time elapsed after the imposition of stress. Comparison with those parameters in α-tocopherol-treated groups revealed that NTX exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on gastric injury, probably by functioning as a free radical scavenger.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K)
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