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Volume 62 (2016)
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Volume 62, Issue 5
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Regular Paper
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Takahiro EITSUKA, Naoto TATEWAKI, Hiroshi NISHIDA, Kiyotaka NAKAGAWA, ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 281-287
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice bran is a rich source of functional compounds, including tocotrienol (T3) and ferulic acid (FA). We previously investigated the anti-cancer properties of T3, and reported on the potent inhibitory effects of δ-T3 on angiogenesis and telomerase activity. In this study, we examined the synergistic suppressive effects of the combination of δ-T3 and FA on telomerase activity in DLD-1 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Co-treatment with δ-T3 and FA significantly decreased cellular telomerase activity compared to treatment with δ-T3 alone, whereas FA alone had no inhibitory effect. Co-treatment with δ-T3 and FA also synergistically down-regulated the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase, indicating that the enzymatic activity of telomerase is controlled at the transcriptional level. FA significantly increased the intracellular concentration of δ-T3, suggesting that FA improved the bioavailability of δ-T3, thereby increasing the inhibitory potency of δ-T3 on telomerase. FA may be a promising candidate for augmenting the anti-cancer activity of δ-T3.View full abstractDownload PDF (677K) -
Naho KOMAI, Naoko MOTOKUBOTA, Maki SUZUKI, Ikuyo HAYASHI, Toshio MORIT ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 288-294
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is evidence to support that mastication may contribute to the prevention of weight gain via reduction of appetite sensations and subsequent energy intake. However, the metabolic effect of mastication after consumption of a daily meal, composed of the staple food (rice), soup, main and side dishes, is limited. Therefore, the effect of thorough mastication on greater satiety and the thermic effect of a meal (TEM) was investigated in young women. In study 1, energy expenditure (EE) derived from masticatory muscle activity for 20 min was measured while chewing hard, tasteless, non-caloric gum in seven subjects. In study 2, ten subjects consumed a solid meal performing 30 chews per mouthful (30 CPM), or swallowed the same, pureed meal without chewing (0 CPM) on two separate days, and postprandial EE, substrate oxidation, subjective appetite ratings and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity for 3 h were examined. Both test meals were iso-caloric (2,510 kJ) and -weighted (884 g), and consumed in 20 min. From study 1, the EE of mastication itself for the 20 min was estimated to be 3.7±0.8 kJ. From study 2, significantly higher TEM (134.2±15.5 vs. 67.8±13.8 kJ/3 h, p<0.001) as well as satiety (p=0.005), and tendency toward greater fat oxidation (p=0.090) and ANS activity (p=0.069) were observed after consumption of the meal with 30 CPM compared to 0 CPM. In conclusion, thorough mastication before swallowing increased postprandial satiety and the TEM in young women, suggesting such eating behavior may be useful for preventing obesity.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
Bui Thi NHUNG, Le Danh TUYEN, Vu Anh LINH, Nguyen Do Van ANH, Tran Thu ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 295-302
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated whether pre-germinated brown rice bran extract containing acylated steryl glucosides (PSG) reduces the risk of atherosclerosis in post-menopausal Vietnamese women. A total of 60 post-menopausal Vietnamese women (45-65 y old) with high LDL cholesterol levels (over 140 mg/dL) were randomly divided into PSG (n=30) and placebo (n=30) groups. The subjects in the PSG group were assigned a daily intake of 6 capsules containing 50 mg PSG, and the subjects in the placebo group were assigned a daily intake of 6 capsules containing corn oil for 6 mo. Before baseline and after month 2, month 4, and month 6 of the intervention, we conducted anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical examinations, a nutrition survey, and physical activity, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measurements. Serum LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced from 163.6±25.3 (mg/dL) to 135.9±26.8 (mg/dL) compared to the placebo group (p<0.001). FMD values of the placebo group were significantly reduced from 6.6±5.1 (%) to 4.7±2.6 (%) compared to the PSG group (p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in the PSG group were significantly reduced from 19.8±11 (pg/mL) to 10.6±5.5 (pg/mL) compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). The findings suggest that PSG may improve LDL cholesterol, TNF-α levels, and FMD values. PSG might be considered in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis in post-menopausal Vietnamese women with high LDL cholesterol.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Toshiyuki KOHRI, Naoko KABA, Tatsuki ITOH, Satoshi SASAKI2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 303-309
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Japanese school lunch program with milk was designed to supply 33-50% of the necessary nutrients per day and 50% of the recommended dietary allowance for calcium, which is difficult to obtain from Japanese meals. Although this program contributes to the mental and physical development of children, the effect of these meals on the bone growth in children remains unknown. Therefore, we compared the effect of school lunch with milk on bone growth between elementary school children attending schools that did not enforce the school lunch with milk program (box-lunch group) and those attending schools that did enforce the program (school-lunch group). The study subjects included fourth-grade children during the 2009-2013 school years, of whom 329 children were in the school-lunch group and 484 children in the box-lunch group. The bone area ratio of the right calcaneus was evaluated using quantitative ultrasound (Benus III). Dietary intakes were assessed using brief self-administered diet history questionnaires. The subjects were asked to record their activities for 3 d so that the mean physical activity intensity and the time spent sleeping could be estimated. The bone area ratios (%) were significantly higher in the school-lunch group than in the box-lunch group (males 31.0±0.3 vs. 30.3±0.2; females 30.6±0.2 vs. 29.7±0.2). This tendency did not change even after adjustment for confounding factors associated with bone growth. The results suggest that nutrients supplied by the Japanese school lunch program contributed to increased bone growth in elementary school children.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Pei-Ying LIN, Fang-Yu LIN, Ting-Chun CHEN, Wen-Lee CHEN, Jia-Yau DOONG ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 310-316
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, the prevalence and problem of overweight and obesity in Taiwanese children have increased. There are many reports that the excessive intake of sugar increases the risk of lifestyle-related disease. However, sugar intake in Taiwanese children is not known. In this study, we investigated sugar intake from sugar-sweetened beverages, snacks and desserts among school-age children in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. We also tried to determine the relationship between sugar intake and body mass index (BMI). We contacted all the public elementary schools (10 schools) in a district, Kaohsiung, and obtained permission from 3 schools. The survey subjects were 410 (210 boys, 200 girls) school-age children (7, 10 and 12 y old). A nutrition survey was conducted using 3 non-consecutive days of the 24 h dietary recall method for sugar-sweetened beverages, snacks and desserts. Height and weight were measured. Sugar intakes were not significantly different among the different genders or ages (p>0.05) and average intake of all was 51.6 g/d. Percentages of each sugar in total intake were sucrose 60%, glucose 18%, fructose 16%, and lactose 6%. The intake of glucose and fructose may have come from isomerized sugar. Contributions of sugar-sweetened beverages and snacks (desserts) were 83.5% and 16.5%, respectively. Among the sugar-sweetened beverages the top 3 sources were tea (22%), milk tea (19%) and milk beverages (18%). A relationship between sugar intake and BMI was not observed. In conclusion, sugar intake of the children was higher than the WHO recommendation due to the high intake from beverages; however, sugar was not the cause of the high obesity rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
Anton JANSE VAN RENSBURG, Friede WENHOLD2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 317-321
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoids in fruit and vegetables are important for health, yet determining dietary intake is challenging. This study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of a portable field Resonance Raman Spectroscope (RRS) in reflecting human carotenoid status. A diagnostic accuracy study involving 81 healthy adults was conducted. The RRS was the index test. Serum carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and consumption of fruit and vegetables were primary and secondary reference standards respectively. Data were collected in two seasons. Validity was determined by the correlation between the RRS score and the two reference standards, and by diagnostic statistics comparing dichotomised RRS scores and serum β-carotene. Reliability was assessed by intra-class correlation from repeated observations within subjects and within repeated measurements using three devices. The RRS score was significantly correlated with the individual and summed serum carotenoids (r range 0.45 to 0.78; p always <0.001), and with fruit and vegetable intake (season one: r=0.38, p=0.016; season two: r=0.42, p<0.001). Sensitivity: 87.5%; specificity: 75.5%; positive and negative predictive values: 35.0% and 97.6% respectively. Within- and between-device reliability was high (r=0.98, p=0.004 and r=0.97, p=0.009 respectively). The RRS field model achieved criterion validity for assessing carotenoid status and fruit and vegetable intake, and also demonstrated reliability. It thus holds promise for the screening of carotenoid status and fruit and vegetable intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (590K) -
Kae INAGAKI, Yuuki NISHIMURA, Emiko IWATA, Sachinobu MANABE, Masahiro ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 322-329
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy autoclaving, we obtained a polyphenol and dietary fiber from pea (Pisum sativum L.) pods in parallel without acid or alkali treatment or organic solvent extraction. Rats fed a high-sucrose (HS) diet containing 3% autoclaved extract (AE) for 4 wk exhibited significantly lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels than rats fed a HS diet. AE and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from AE exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity at 13.3 mg/mL in vitro. AE and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from AE adsorbed cholesterol. In total, 30% and 10% of a cholesterol micelle were significantly adsorbed by 2,000 mg of AE and 100 mg of IDF from AE in 7 mL, respectively. The amount of bifidobacteria in the cecum of the AE group was significantly increased compared with that in the HS group. These results suggest that AE has hypolipidemic, bifidogenic potential.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Mariko NAKAMICHI, Hidetaka WAKABAYASHI2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 330-334
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose was to investigate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and nutritional status in elderly hospitalized patients. Participants were 190 elderly patients admitted to the long-term care wards, convalescence rehabilitation wards, and community integrated care wards in January 2015. Nutritional status was assessed using the mini nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF). The PPI use group was compared with the PPI non-use group regarding nutrition status. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether the period of PPI therapy was associated independently with malnutrition following adjustment for covariates including gender, age, and serum albumin level. Forty-one patients were male (22%) and 149 patients were female (78%), with a mean age of 85.4±8.4. Fifty-three patients (28%) took PPIs (with a median prescription period of 91 d, ranging from 51 to 227). With a MNA-SF score of 7 points or lower designated as malnutrition, there was no significant difference in nutritional status between the PPI and non-PPI groups (p=0.172). The median MNA-SF scores in the PPI and non-PPI groups were 9 vs 7 points, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that long-term PPI therapy (odds ratio, 0.994; 95% confidence interval 0.990-0.999) was significantly associated with improved nutritional status. The presence or absence of PPI therapy is not associated with malnutrition in elderly hospitalized patients. Longer-term PPI therapy may improve nutritional status.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Ikuo IKEDA, Kyouhei TAMAKUNI, Tomomi SAKUMA, Ran OZAWA, Nao INOUE, Yuk ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 335-340
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral studies have suggested that resistant maltodextrin (RMD) suppresses intestinal lipid absorption in experimental animals and humans. However, possible mechanisms underlying this effect are not known. In this study, effects of RMD on processes of the absorption of various lipids were investigated in vitro. RMD dose-dependently suppressed the solubility of various lipid components, including 1-mono-oleoylglycerol, oleic acid, and phosphatidylcholine in bile salt micelles in vitro. When the diffusion rate of bile salt micelles through a filter membrane was investigated in vitro, bile salt micelles containing RMD diffused more slowly than those without RMD. Incorporation of [1-14C] oleic acid into Caco-2 cells from the RMD-containing bile salt micelles was significantly smaller than that from the control micelles (without RMD). These results show that RMD suppresses intestinal absorption of lipids by decreasing their micellar solubility and the diffusion rate of bile salt micelles.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
Teruyoshi TANAKA, Yukihiro YOKOTA, Hanjun TANG, Nobuhiro ZAIMA, Tatsuy ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 341-349
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPostmenopausal diabetes is exacerbated by estrogen deficiency. Ovariectomized (OVX) animal models can be used to develop strategies for preventing or treating postmenopausal symptoms. We previously found that a diet containing kudzu (Pueraria lobata) vine ethanol extract (PVEE) suppressed weight gain in OVX mice. Therefore, this study further elucidated how PVEE affected OVX mice. Ten-week-old OVX or sham-operated mice were fed diets containing either no PVEE (control) or 20 mg•kg−1•d−1 PVEE for 8 wk, 5 mg•kg−1•d−1 PVEE for 24 wk, or 20 mg•kg−1•d−1 puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glucoside), a major isoflavone present in PVEE, for 10 wk. The effects of puerarin on glucose tolerance were also tested in OVX mice. The experimental diets were not associated with any abnormalities in any mice tested in the present study. Weight gain and serum glucose levels were increased in OVX mice and these effects were significantly attenuated in OVX mice that consumed PVEE (5 or 20 mg•kg−1•d−1) or puerarin. Puerarin-treated OVX mice also showed reduced serum glucose levels following administration of 1,000 mg•kg−1 glucose. These results suggested that puerarin contributed to PVEE-mediated improvements in glucose metabolism in OVX mice. Although further studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying these observations, PVEE and puerarin could provide effective approaches to the amelioration of postmenopausal diabetes.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Yuri KUSANO, Nobuko TSUJIHARA, Hironori MASUI, Hana KOZAI, Wakako TAKE ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 350-360
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effects of dietary Japanese yam (Dioscorea japonica Thunb.) on lipid metabolism. Male Wistar rats (6 wk old) were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 6 wk and then supplemented with 26% of Japanese yam or 0.5% of its constituent diosgenin for a further 4 wk of high-cholesterol feeding (C6-J4 and C6-D4 groups, respectively). In the C6-J4 group, body weight gains significantly decreased, but skeletal muscle fiber sizes in quadriceps significantly increased compared with the other groups. Furthermore, Japanese yam supplementation resulted in the reduction of triglyceride contents in their liver, quadriceps, and intra-abdominal visceral fat. Diosgenin supplementation resulted in an increase in the numbers of skeletal muscle fibers and decrease in the fat accumulations in liver and of the lipid contents in quadriceps. Although quadriceps cholesterol contents decreased concomitantly with increased serum HDL-cholesterol in both the groups, fecal bile acid, fecal cholesterol contents, and fecal weight were higher in the C6-J4 group than in the C6-D4 group. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that Japanese yam inhibited micellar cholesterol solubility in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that Japanese yam is more effective than diosgenin in reducing fat accumulation and improving cholesterol metabolism during chronic consumption of a high-cholesterol diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (1586K)
Note
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Yoshimi KISHIMOTO, Chie TAGUCHI, Norie SUZUKI-SUGIHARA, Emi SAITA, Mik ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 361-365
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe egg is a nutrient-dense food and contains a number of antioxidants. The consumption of eggs has been considered to improve the balance of diets, although its impact on serum cholesterol levels has been a matter of concern in many countries. Here, we conducted a pilot study to investigate whether daily additional consumption of an egg might affect serum lipid profiles and also antioxidant status in healthy subjects. Fourteen male subjects were provided with breakfasts including a boiled egg for 4 wk. At the end of intervention, serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were unchanged, despite the significant increase in the intake of dietary cholesterol. In contrast, a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and a reduction of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were observed. Interestingly, the malondialdehyde modified-LDL (MDA-LDL)/LDL-C ratio and the oxidizability of LDL were significantly reduced. Serum total antioxidant capacity value after the intervention period was higher than at baseline. These data indicate that consuming one egg per day for 4 wk as breakfast in addition to a normal diet does not affect serum lipids, and suggests that it may improve serum antioxidant status in healthy males.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Fei TENG, Tomohiro BITO, Shigeo TAKENAKA, Yukinori YABUTA, Fumio WATAN ...2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 366-371
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we determined the vitamin B12 content of commercially available century eggs (pidan) and characterized their vitamin B12 compositions in detail. The egg yolk and white of century eggs (each 100 g wet weight) contained 1.9±0.6 and 0.8±0.3 μg of vitamin B12, respectively. The vitamin B12 compounds purified from the egg yolk and white were identified as vitamin B12 using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. The vitamin B12 present in the yolk or white of century eggs was recovered completely in macromolecular fractions, but not in free vitamin B12 fractions by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. However, with respect to the vitamin B12 bound to protein in the century egg yolk, approximately 52% of the free vitamin B12 was formed during in vitro gastric digestion and no free vitamin B12 was detected in the egg white.View full abstractDownload PDF (813K)
Letter to the Editor
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Shozo SUGIURA2016 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 372-374
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: December 06, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (503K)
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