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Volume 40, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Shintaro TAKAHASHI, Takuro KOBAYSASHI, Yu-You Li, Hideki HARADA2011 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 130-137
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pulp wastewater consists mainly of methanol. It is expected to treat using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process. Paper manufactories also produce waste starch and incinerated ash. The integrated treating for these wastes is desirable. In this study, two UASB reactors were operated to treat pulp wastewater with addition of waste starch and with addition of incinerated ash, receptively. Continuous operations of a UASB reactor treating pulp wastewater with addition of waste starch (PS reactor) and a UASB reactor treating pulp wastewater with addition of incinerated ash (PA reactor) , were investigated at mesophilic conditions. The PS reactor performed well with an average 93.7% total CODCr and 97.3% soluble CODCr removal efficiency in average at a maximum volumetric loading rate (VLR) of 16.0 kgCOD/m3/d. The PA reactor was also successfully operated with an average 95.3% total CODCr and 97.5% soluble CODCr removal efficiency in average at a maximum VLR of 14.6 kgCOD/m3/d. Successfully developed granules were obtained after over 140 days of operation in both reactors, and the granules were 1 to 2 mm in mean diameter. Microbial analysis revealed the genus Methanomethylovorans was predominant in the granules of both reactors.View full abstractDownload PDF (2856K) -
Takashi FURUKAWA, Terutoyo YOSHIDA, Yoshihiro SUZUKI2011 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 138-143
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of microbial source tracking (MST) is crucial to ensure public health and bacteriological safety in coastal areas. In this study, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) , utilized for pollution source tracking of hospital infections, was applied to the aquatic environment as a MST method. Enterococcus faecium and Entecococcus faecalis, fecal indicator bacterias, were isolated and identified from a port area, and the genotype was analyzed by PFGE. A total of 230 enterococcal strains were isolated by PFGE, and forty strains were identified as E. faecium using both PCR and the Api 20 Strep test. Dendrogram analysis of the PFGE types revealed that all the 40 E. faecium strains can be classified separately into 7 different groups at a 0.7 similarity level. The genotypic characterization of E. faecium from the coastal port area revealed diverse types. It is suggested that PFGE can be used to differentiate and characterize fecal pollution indicating bacteria by applying it to the aquatic environment, as well as provide detailed information to specify the pollution source.View full abstractDownload PDF (2441K) -
Aiichiro FUJINAGA, Hidemi HIHARA, Makoto TATSUNO2011 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 144-150
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examines asbestos mitigation countermeasures by predicting air concentrations of asbestos, and then cost-benefit analyses is performed. A comparative study was conducted on three cases as follows; case one, demolition by machine & landfill, case two, demolition by hand & landfill, and case three demolition by hand & vitrification treatment. The results showed that if demolition by machine is continued, the risk is greater than 10-4 of upper acceptable risk for 2020. However, if demolition is conducted by hand, the risk is under 10-4 for 2010. And also, the risk will be less than 10-5 of the safety level for environmental standards until 2030. The results show that vitrification deletes the risk on future management at a landfill site, however at a higher cost.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Futoshi SUGIMOTO2011 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 151-158
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFoam separation of high concentration chromium in leather tanning wastewater was investigated using casein protein as a foaming reagent5mL of5w/v% ammonium acetate buffer was added to the sample chromium water. After adjusting the pH to 9.0,4g/L concentrations of casein and gelatin solution were added to recovery the coagulating flocs of chromium resulting foam separation. The sample water containing chromium flocs was incased in reactor, then mixed with distilled water and 1mL of ethanol to sum 200mL total. The foam separation was performed at time intervals of 3min with an air flow rate of 300mL/min. With casein reagent, the removal rate of chromium was not influenced by the presence of NaCl, however, the rate decreased tendency using with the use of gelatin. The proposed method, utilizing 4g/L of casein solution with water, was not influenced by the presence of calcium (<34mM), magnesium (<1mM), carbonate (<0.5mM), bicarbonate (<1.2mM) nor sulfate (<350mM) ions, and is ideal for foam separation in chromium concentrations of about 100mgCr/L.View full abstractDownload PDF (2461K) -
-Classification and Characterization based on Fat/Carbohydrate Balance-Takuro KOBAYASHI, Dong-Yeol LEE, Kaiqin XU, Yu-You LI, Yuhei INAMORI2011 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 159-166
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethane and hydrogen production was investigated in batch experiments of thermophilic methane and hydrogen fermentation, using domestic garbage and food processing waste classified by fat/carbohydrate balance as a base material. Methane production per unit of VS added was significantly positively correlated with fat content and negatively correlated with carbohydrate content in the substrate, and the average value of the methane production per unit of VS added from fat-rich materials was twice as large as that from carbohydrate-rich materials. By contrast, hydrogen production per unit of VS added was significantly positively correlated with carbohydrate content and negatively correlated with fat content. Principal component analysis using the results obtained in this study enable an evaluation of substrates for methane and hydrogen fermentation based on nutrient composition.View full abstractDownload PDF (2562K) -
-Proposal of the New Evaluation Approach based on the Concept of "Social Energy Consumption"-Satoshi MATSUDA, Hiroshi KUBOTA2011 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 167-173
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study intends to propose a new approach to evaluate the utility of recycling used products made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) . In order to determine whether or not these used products can be recycled, there must be some indicators that appropriately and quantitatively show the degree that the contribution of recycling these targeted used products has on society. It was indicated that the rights and wrongs of incineration and/or heat recovery using a material such as wallpaper or floor cover made of PVC could be judged by the concept of "Social Energy Consumption" originally proposed by the authors (Chap. 3 in the text) . On the other hand, in the case where the used products such as PVC pipes and joints are dug out from underground and recycled, this research shows the estimation of its utility should be accomplished by extending the concept: Specifically, the manpower converted to the value of the social energy consumption was added, because labor costs for digging out these used products occupy a large portion of the total recycling cost, although manpower is not taken into account in the usual energy balance calculation, which leads to the contradiction of the estimation results from the standpoint of energy balance and economy. In this study, the marginal cost for digging out PVC pipes and joints evaluated by this method was shown as an example of a trial calculation (Chap. 2 in the text) . As a whole, this research quantitatively demonstrated an example trial calculation showing whether or not these used products should be recycled disregarding if the economic efficiency should be evaluated as a result of the analysis based upon the concept of "Social Energy Consumption".View full abstractDownload PDF (2400K)
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Masao KAJIMAKI2011 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 174-179
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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