Dynamic aspects of calcium action in the release of catecholamine were investigated in vitro, using perfused bovine adrenal glands and isolated chromaffin granules. The ⁴⁵Ca which intruded into the chromaffin cells by acetylcholine stimulation was condensed in chromaffin granules and its localization was confined to the stroma of granules. The ⁴⁵Ca added to isolated granule suspension in the presence of ATP-Mg⁺⁺ also showed preferential binding to the stroma and this calcium showed a rapid exchange with unlabeled calcium in the medium.
Release of catecholamine from the chromaffin granules was observed in parallel with the binding of calcium to the stroma. Thus, stromal calcium plays an important role in the release of catecholamines.
The transient increase in free calcium concentration evoked by acetylcholine may trigger an increase of stromal calcium turnover. Under such a situation, the granules are brought to an activated, easily releasable state which would be the primary step in catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medullary cells.

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In the previous report the differences in the intrauterine growth curves between infants in A. private clinic and those in O. public hospital in Naha were recognized. The aim of this study is to investigate these differences more exactly for the periods 1967-69 and 1972-74, by computing the mean and standard deviation of the birth weight, by sex, parity (primiparous and multiparous groups) and gestational age in weeks (35-43 weeks). The gestational ages were calculated to the nearest week (for example 227-283 days as 40 weeks). Generally the mean birth weights of infants in A. clinic are about 50-60 grams higher than those of O. hospital. These differences are statistically significant, especially between 38 and 41 gestational weeks. Some possible contributing factors causing these differences are discussed.
We concluded that this phenomenon was primarily due to the differences in the socioeconomic classes of the mothers giving birth in the two obstetric establishments, although we could not identify any contributor among the biological or sociobiological factors such as physical status, health conditions, maternal nutrition and pregnancy health control of the mother.

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The long-term electrocardiograms of 58 cases of variant angina pectoris were evaluated for the cyclic changes of ST segment elevation. Among them, 31 cases (53%) showed repetitive elevations of ST segment on long-term electrocardiograms. The cycles of repetition of ST elevations were between 2 and 44, with a mean of 7. l. The large number of cycle intervals (89%) were exhibited between 6 and 20 minutes (12.2±5.0, mean±SD). The appearance times of cyclic ST elevation were 234 hours in total, and were observed from midnight to early morning in many occasions. Sixty-nine percent of them were recorded during the 8 hours between 0:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. (P<0. 01). The frequency of variant anginal attacks had a good correlation with that of cyclic ST elevation.
From 0:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., the mean frequency of attacks was 7.5 episodes per hour which was significantly high, compared with that of the other time (2.1 episodes/hr, P<0.01).The variant form of angina pectoris is strongly suggested when cyclic ST changes are recorded on the long-term electrocardiogram even without anginal attacks. The cyclic ST elevations tend to disappear along with the alleviation of variant anginal attacks by the use of antianginal drugs. We further discussed the clinical significance of the repetitive ST elevations on the long-term electrocardiograms.

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During the period from July 1976 to October 1978, 32 procedures were performed on 30 cases of pulmonary mass lesions. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of 27 cases with proven diagnosis either by histology or clinical follow up.
1) Fifteen of 17 lung cancers were positively diagnosed. Two cases of malignant thymoma were accurately diagnosed, facilitating radiation therapy without thoracotomy. Cryptococcus neoformans was identified on aspiration specimens in one case out of 6 inflammatory mass lesions. One case each of pulmonary metastasis and pericardial cyst were also accurately Identified.
2) There were several minor complications which needed no treatment. Only one large pneumothorax necessitated a chest tube insertion for recovery.
3) We have confirmed that this is a highly valuable and safe procedure for the diagnosis of pulmonary mass lesions. The greatest advantage of this procedure is the directness of the information obtainable with minimal inconvenience to the patient.

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One hundred and twenty-two patients with lacerated extensor tendons of the hand were admitted to and treated in Kanto-Rosai Hospital between 1966 and 1974. Of these, 36 patients were recently re-examined and the follow-up results are summarized.
No correlation could be seen between the results of treatment and (a) the ages of the patients, (b) the periods from injury to reconstructive surgery, or (c) the topographical distribution of the lacerated tendons.

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Ultrasonic echography has been recently highlighted for the clinical diagnosis of malignant neoplasm and other benign tumors because it is a noninvasive method and has no physical hazard as is the case with the radiological technique. It is a useful technique because it will offer considerable diagnostic information on the visualization of soft tissue pathology. Such information was rather difficult to obtain by the radiological method, and especially difficult was the visualization of malignant or benign tumors of soft tissue origin. Currently used techniques for ultrasonic echography are classified as compound contact scanning, arc-scanning through water-immersion, radial scanning (PPI), and recently developed high-speed real time electronic linear or sector scanning. These techniques can be applied to the clinical diagnosis of brain tumors, tumors of the orbit and eye, ENT tumors, thyroid tumors, abdominal tumors including pelvic tumors, breast tumors, urogenital tumors or soft tissue tumors of the extremities. Clinical usefulness of echography by the sensitivity graded method for breast cancer and gray scale image was highly appraised because of its diagnostic accuracy rates: T1 81%, T2 93%, and T3 100% according to the tumor size of TNM classification, and 97%. for scirrhous carcinoma, 87% for medullary carcinoma, and 78% for papillary carcinoma. These rates may be considered to be better than those achieved by mammography. For echographic diagnosls of abdominal tumors, the technique can be used for neoplastic lesions in soft tissue organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, uterus, ovary and retroperitoneal space. It is especially useful in determining whether such lesions are cystic or a solid mass, for visualization of the tumor mass in anatomical relation to various intraabdominal organs, the preoperative determination of the tumor size, and it may also offer some important diagnostic information on whether the mass is malignant or benign in some instances. Those diagnostic information can be also obtained for the soft tissue tumors in the extremities. The technique may be a useful clinical auxiliary aid for differential diagnosis of neoplastic lesions, especially cancer detection in various organs. Therefore, this review focused on the viewpoint of cancer and medical ultrasonics, especially the current status of clinical echography in demonstrating the typical echograms of various neoplasms.

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A pathological review of pineal tumors was performed according to the classification by Russell and Rubinstein : I. teratoma 1) atypical teratorna or germinoma 2) typical and teratoid, II. pinealoma 1) pineoblastoma 2) pineocytoma, III. glial and other forms, IV. cysts. In Japan, the incidence of pineal tumors is remarkably higher than in the USA and Europe. It is attributable to the high incidence of teratoma group including germinoma, whereas the rate of true pinealoma, etc. is lower.
A strong similarity between intracranial germinoma, so-called "pinealoma" with a two cell pattern, and seminoma and dysgerminoma was shown by histopathological, ultrastructural, and enzymo-histochemical findings. Therefore, the term "pinealoma" for so called "two cell pattern pinealoma" should not be used, and the term "ectopic pinealoma" is also inappropriate. The interstitial reaction, including granuloma formation and lymphocytic infiltration in germinoma, might be the result of a local immune response to the tumor.
The histologic structure of true pinealoma indicated two directions of differentiation : one toward a similarity to neuroblastoma, and the other toward a similarity to prenatal or mature pineal body. The tumor could thus be classified as pineoblastoma and pineocytoma, according to the degree of pineocytic differention of the tumor cells, using the presence of the club-shaped argyrophllic cell process as cytologic criteria.

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Studies on the relationshlps between mycobacteria and their bacteriohages are reviewed. Mycobacteriophages have some special characteristics which are not common in the bacteriophages of other genera. For instance, they do not adsorb onto host cells in the presence of Tween 80, and most of them are sensitive to organic solvents. They show very long latent periods for multiplication. Mycobacteria lysogenized by such mycobacteriophages show altered biological and biochemical characteristics. Occurrence of naturally lysogenic mycobacteria in some species is not rare. Progress of phage typing of M. tuberculosis is also reviewed.

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Causative lesion for the sensory symptom in patients with organic mercury poisoning is briefly reviewed. According to the expriments on rats and a monkey, Hunter et al. (1940) ascribed the sensory symptom to the lesion of the peripheral nerve, posterior roots and posterior columms. Although experiments on rats after Hunter et al. have always showed remarkable degeneration in their peripheral nerve and posterior roots, studies on primates from Europe, the Middle East and the USA denied the lesion in these structures ; poisoned monkies and human autopsy cases have showed no pathological changes in their nerves and posterior root, and electrophysiological studies on peripheral nerves were not compatible with peripheral neuropathies. On the contrary, autopsy and nerve biopsy studies from Japan have demonstrated definite changes in peripheral nerves and posterior roots.

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In medical practice the staff, including clinical psychologists, should always take into consideration the following two aspects of the illness : the medical aspects of the illness and the patient suffering from it. Each of the two aspects should be dealt with by appropriate methods. The illness should be dealt with by objective scientific methods and the patient's psyche should be dealt with phenomenologically and psychotherapeutically, since the patient often manifests emotional reactions to the illness. These reactions, such as anxiety, tend to occur more frequently when the patient is not sufficiently informed of the illness or its treatment, and when he feels that he may not be well understood by the doctor. In order to provide good care to the patient, it should be emphasized in medical education that these two approaches should be integrated to establish a good doctor-patient relationship, although this may sometimes be difficult in Japan where hospitals are crowded and the staff has only a limited amount of time.

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