The clinicopathological study was done regarding the crystalline deposition in the kidney of autopsy cases, as this pathological change had frequently been observed during the years 1966 to 1969. Polarized microscopic and histochemical studies identified these crystals as calcium oxalate, since they were characteristically birefringent, 40 to 50 μm in size, mostly radiated needle-shaped, insoluble in 1 N KOH and 2 M acetic acid and redstained with alizarin red by Johnson's method. The results of the microscopic observations were supported by the biochemical quantitative analysis of oxalate in the kidneys of 7 cases with numerous crystalline deposits, showing these kidneys contained from two to ten times as much oxalate as did the control ones. The aggregates of crystals might comprise neutral and/or acid mocopolysaccharide. Autopsy cases with oxalate crystalline deposition in the kidney were more frequently experienced during the past three years, in which a 10% xylitol solution was intravenously infused. The frequency and degree of deposition were much higher in the xylitol-administered group than in the non-administered group. Consequently, it was presumed that 10% xylitol administration might have induced this pathological change. However, no oxalate crystalline deposition in the kidneys of sixty rats was demonstrated in the experiment, in which various doses of 50% xylitol solution were intraperitoneally infused under several conditions. Its pathogenesis was discussed.

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The method of X² fit is applied to the low-lying excited states of odd-mass nuclei in 1f7/2^-region. In the begining the procedure of X² fit is shown and the main program is also listed. Next, the characteristic features of the results of the analysis of the nuclear structure are shown and investigated. These results suggest that the method of X² fit is very useful and important.

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Primary infection with tuberculosis usually occurs in the lung and hardly ever occurs on the skin. Primary tuberculous complex of the skin or primary inoculation tuberculosis is a form of exogene infection following the trauma in an individual previously free of tuberculosis. It consists of a nodule or ulcer associated with regional lymphadenopathy and occurs chiefiy in children affecting the face or extremities. A typical case of this disease which we recently encountered is presented in this paper. The incidence of tuberculosis has shown a steady decline since the 1950's. Cutaneous tuberculosis, especially genuine skin tuberculosis, parallels such tendency of decrease, but is not yet completely relegated.

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Cerebral impedance changes between bilateral temporal areas of the skull were measured by the rheoencephalogrphical method, and its physiological significance was investigated. Cerebral impedance decreased by lowering head, hypercapnea and the compression of jugular vein, and increased by hyperventilation and the compression of internal carotid artery. It was suggested that cerebral impedance was closely related to the cerebral blood volume. Another significance of cerebral impedanee was discussed.

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Adrenal venography has been performed in 37 cases with primary aldosteronism for the localization of adrenal tumors. These patients have undergone surgery and in all cases have proven unilateral adrenal adenomas. The left adrenal vein was successfully catheterized in 31 patients and right vein in 33. Of these excellent venograms of diagnostic value were obtained 77% in the left adrenal adenoma and 70% in the right, and totally 73%. However, it is dificult to demonstrate these tumors which may be less than 1cm in diameter. As for complication, we have had 9 cases of extravasation of contrast medium in 37 patients studied by this technique, 3 in the bilateral and 6 in the right adrenal. In one patient, we have had evidence of adrenal insufficiency in postoperative period, and the patient was treated with hormonal replacement therapy. The intraadrenal veins are uniquely fragile in patients with primary aldosteronism, and it has been reported that adrenal venography often results in intra-adrenal extravasation and hemorrhage, particularly in right side. For these reasons, we have stressed the need to perform carefully adrenal venography in selective cases that fail to demonstrate the causative lesion by other diagnostic procedures, for example, adrenal scintigraphy, echography and computed tomography.

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58 patients with bone and joint tuberculosis were admitted to our hospital between 1965 and 1977. These cases were studied retrospectively, and three rare and interesting ones (arthritis of the finger, cuboidal osteomyelitis and polymyositis)were presented.

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In order to exclude postoperative adhesion and replace the pulley mechanism, the forearm fascia has been utlized in our hospital. since 1964. This experience is summarized here. Although the results were not so good, the forearm fascia has a useful and limited role in tendon surgery of the hand.

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In fulminant hepatitis caused by murine hepatitis virus（MHV-Ⅱ）, T-1ymphocytes are transfered and accumulated in the liver tissue. The rate of this accumulation is paralleled with the severity of liver cell injury but does not influence on the affinity of Tlymphocytes for hepatitis virus. This finding suggests that T-lympocytes in the liver may be involved in destruction of the infected hepatocytes and clearance of the exogenous organism.

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Rosette forming cells (RFC), the thymus derived human lymphocytes which bind sheep erythrocytes in vitro and lymphocyte transformation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were measured in this study as the markers of non-specific cell-mediated immunity. These markers were investigated for 34 patients with chronic liver diseases (14 cases: Iiver cirrhosis, 12 cases: chronic hepatitis active, 8 cases: chronic hepatitis inactive), 10 cases : HBs-Ag asymptomatic carriers and 6 healthy subjects. RFC did not have any significant difference between HBs-Ag positive and negative patients. However, the rate of lymphocyte transformation by PHA was significantly lower in HBs-Ag positive patients than negative ones. Also, significant correlation was recognized between the serum levels of alpha-2 macroglobulin and the degrees of inhibition of lymphocyte transformation. It was noticed that α₂-globulin and serum 19-S fractions obtained from normal human sera inhibited the lymphocyte transformation in vitro. These facts suggest that the α₂- macroglobulin is one of the non-specific serum inhibitors of the cell-mediated immunity which are associated with the chronicity of HBs-Ag positive viral hepatitis.

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Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is one of the main plant hormones, and regulates plant cell division. We report here the presence and distribution of IAA in human cancer tissues, animal cells and serum, and also the promotive effect of IAA on animal cell division, using parachlorophenoxy-iso-butyric acid (PCIB) as an IAA antagonist. Finally, we report some survey on fluctuation of urine and serum IAA before and after resection of human cancer. Acidic substances in the ethanolic extracts of the tissue or cells were paper chromatographed and the parts of the chromatograms having the same R_fs as those in the cochromatographed IAA were extracted again in ether. IAA in the ether extracts was identified by gas chromatography and/or gas-mass spectrometry. The amount of IAA in the final extracts was bio-assayed by Avena curvature test or mass fragmentography. In cases of human gastric, esophagus, jejunum, colon, rectum and mammary cancers, IAA content in resected tissues was highest in cancerous regions, next in surrounding areas of cancer and lowest in normal areas. In advanced cases, it was highest in the surrounding areas of cancer and low in cancerous regions. IAA is distributed not only in plant but also in all the animal materials being examined here. So we tried to find the role of IAA in animal cell division and cancer growth. First and 2nd division of sea urchin eggs were accelerated by IAA, and retardeation of embryo development by PCIB was neutralized by IAA. Growth rate of cultured mouse cells, LP-3, in a synthetic medium seemed to be proportional to the amount of bio-synthesized IAA. Another cultured mouse cells, 3T3, and chick embryo heart fibroblasts needed FCS for their growth, but they could also synthesize IAA. Their growth rates in the IAA-free medium seemed to depend on the de novo synthesized IAA. And the cell division of, chick embryo heart fibroblast cells was also accelerated by exogenously applied IAA and retarded by PCIB, however, this retardation was cancelled by the addition of IAA. These experimental results seem to support the assumption that IAA is one of the regulating factors of animal cell division, and of cancer cell multiplication. The increased amount of urinary and serum IAA in cancer patients decreased after curative resection and became normal in half a month to ten months after surgery.

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Recent advances in the study of immunity and its allied fields have disclosed that the thymus, as one of the central lymphoid tissues, plays an important role in immune regulation. The first step in the examination of the thymus in the patients with immunological disorders is to delineate the thymic outline by means of pneumomediastinography. Then a thymectomy via the suprasternal notch, occasionally combined with a parasternal incision, is performed. The lymphoid folliclle formations, which may serve as a parameter of immunological disorders, were found in some 74% in the removed thymuses of the patients with myasthenia gravis. Follow-up observations ranging between 1 and 15 years after operation revealed complete recovery in 27 (24%), significant improvement in 47 (43%) and moderate improvement in 21 (19%) out of the 110 myasthenia gravis patients with nontumorous thymic abnormalities. Pneumomediastinography is also very useful to discover the small "occult thymoma" which is hardly ever found in the simple roentgenological examination. The lymphoid follicle formations in the removed thymuses were found in 16 (43%) out of 37 patients with Behçet syndrome. In Behçet syndrome the recurrence and progression of oral and genital lesions were markedly suppressed after thymectomy. In high incidence lymphoid follicle formations were observed in the removed thymuses of patients with ulcerative colitis, chronic thyroiditis, systemiclupus erythematosus, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Sjögren syndrome.

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Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) is an excellent and powerful hypotensive agent.Because of rapid onset, short duration and quick recovery, the agent is useful and controls well blood pressure in induced hypotension. Following administration of SNP, rapid decrease of blood pressure and increase of pulse rate are seen. SNP also increases coronary blood flow and improves the left ventricular function. At present, this drug is used clinically for the treatment of malignant hypertension, myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. Although SNP is thought to be stable chemically, when administered into organism, SNP is reduced instantly by the reductants of hydrogen donor type and cyanide is released. There is also a dangerous possibility that it will produce methemoglobin and reduce hemoglobin as an oxygen-carrying factor during SNP administration. We should use SNP carefully and monitor to detect signs of anoxia due to cyanide intoxication, that is, developing metabolic acidosis, increase of oxygen contents of mixed venous blood decrease of A-VDO₂, and increase of excess lactate in blood, If possible, the cyanide level in blood should be measured, and when cyanide intoxication occures, infusion of SNP should be stopped immediately and treatment for poisoning must be begun.

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Except for falciparum-malaria, severe multiple infections are rather rare in usual human malarias. However, abnormally heavy multiple infections up to 8 ring forms in a single erythrocyte have sometimes been recorded in literatures. Such extreme cases are compared for their rate of multiple infections and parasitemia. By contrast, in simian malarias multiple infections are rather frequent, especially in Plasmodium eylesi, P. cynomolgi bastianellii, P. cynomolgi cyclopis, and P. gonderi. Reported cases of human infections with simian malaria have been reviewed and summarized as a table. Of about 25 species or subspecies of simian malarias, 10 have been reported to infect human beings as routes of natural, accidental, experimental, or therapeutical infections. Human infections with simian malaria parasites are generally characterized by severe or mild attacks with rare or low parasitemia. Surveys of "abnormal form"of human malarial cases in literatures are suggestive of the presence of some doubtful cases of simian malarial infection. In routine clinical examinations of blood smears for malaria,it is rather impossible to distinguish simian malaria parasites from human malaria ones. Therefore, recorded simian malaria infections of human patients might be only a visible tip on an iceberg, and many more human infections with simian malaria might actually occur in nature.

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In the past 10 years, physiological actions and pharmacological effects of gastrointestinal hormones have been demonstrated through established methods in biochemistry, cytology, and immunology. Simultaneously, clinlcal studies have been advanced not only by physicians and surgeons, but also by pediatricians. In this paper, problems of gastrointestinal hormones in infants and children are presented under the five following headings: (1) changes of blood gastrointestinal hormone levels through aging, (2) etiology of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, (3) clinical pictures showing gastrointestinal hormone-producing tumors, (4) disturbance of passage in the digestive tract, and (5) others

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