Ant fauna was studied on newly constructed ground and a secondary forest on the campus of the University of occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), and in an adjacent natural forest in October and November of 1982. Collections of ants were made by honey bait traps and by hand sorting. Faunal analysis was made by the same procedure as is usually done by plant sociologists. In the natural forest (Symploco glaucae-Castanop-sietum sieboldii Miyawaki et al.) and in the secondary forest, Crematogaster osakensis Forel and Paratrechina flavipes (F.Smith) showed high constancy and high relative coverage, and Brachy-ponera chinensis (Emery), Aphaenogaster japonica Forel, Strumigenys lewisi Cameron, Weberistruma japonica (Ito) and Oligomyrmex sauteri Forel showed high constancy. On the abandoned grass-land, Paratrechina flavipes (F. Smith), Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus), Crematogaster osakensis Forel, Lasius niger (Linnaeus), lridomyrmex glaber (Mayr) showed medium constancy and low relative coverage. On the other hand, a newly constructed lawn was Inhabited by no or only a few kinds of ants, such as Tetramorium caespitim (Linnaeus), Formica japonica Motschulsky and Pheidole nodus F. Smith showing low constancy and low relative coverage. The ant fauna of shrubberies was the most plentiful among the sites studied. It contained lawn fauna, grassland fauna and fauna that originated from the marginal forest vegetation, which were carried with transplantation of garden trees.

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The effect of fourteen plant lectins on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in rosette formation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was examined. Among the lectins used, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), lens culinalis (LCH), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and ricinus communis I (RCAI) showed a significant increase in active T rosette counts when the results were compared with the effect of other lectins. This enhancement in active T rosette forming cells is found within one hour after the treatment with lectin and is dependent upon the concentration of lectin. The results suggest that the changes in lymphocyte membrane dynamics via stimulation by certain lectins increases the capacity to form active T rosettes.

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The effect of various cellular metabolic inhibitors on the active T rosette formation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. Cytochalasin B greatly inhibited SRBC rosette formation. However, colchicine, mytomycin C, cyclohexamide, and sodium azide had no effect. These results suggest that the ability of the lymphocyte to form active T rosettes is dependent on the lattice microfilament network, but not on the cellular metabolism. The effect of cytochalasin B on human peripheral blood lympho-cytes activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), lens culinalis (LCH), or ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCAI) was also examined. Cytochalasin B significantly inhibited the active T rosette formation induced by LCH or RCAI, but did not inhibit that induced by PHA or WGA. This suggests that different cellular mechanisms are involved in the activation of lymphocytes by either PHA and WGA or LCH and RCAI.

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The characteristics of isoniazid amidase which hydrolyzes isoniazid to isonicotinic acid and hydrazine was examined in vitro using rat liver subcellular fractions. The activity of isoniazid amidase was estimated from the amount of hydrazine produced from a substrate, isoniazid, by means of GC-MS. High activity of the amidase was observed in the microsomal and lysosomal fractions, and at pH 7.4-7.8 in the microsomal fraction. The amidase was not inhibited by acetanilide, but by procaine and bis (p-nitrophenyl) phosphate. As expected, acetylisoniazid, a main metabolite of isoniazid, also inhibited the amidase. Not only the microsomal monooxygenase but also amidase was strongly induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and rifampicin, respectively.

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The relationship between mutagenic activities and chemical structure of acridine derivatives was examined by using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1537 and TA 1977 and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most analogs with amino and/or methyl group(s) caused frameshift-type mutation in Salmonella without mammalian microsomal enzyme activation. The 9-amino analogs were strong mutagens and mutagenicity was also increased when 10-position was methylated in 1-amino and 2-amino compounds. However, 9-amino derivatives did not cause mitochondrial mutation in yeast, where 3,6-diamino and/or 10-methyl groups were structural requisites for significant mutagenic activity. In comparison with the pre-incubation method, the spot-test method was shown to be less sensitive. The mutagenicity of some compounds could not be detected by the spot-test method. Mutagenic activities of these drugs were revealed and increased markedly with an increase in pre-incubation period up to 20 min, suggesting that the pre-incubation of tester bacteria with a compound prior to a mutagenicity assay is necessary for the detection of mutagenesis of these compounds.

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The "humanization"" of medical practice is regarded as one of the topics of present day medicine. A number of models and educational programs for teaching humanistically oriented medicine has appeared, but few studies have been done to illustrate the effects of such programs. In the present paper, the authors report a study that they conducted in which the effects of participating in a seminar on counseling skills were demonstrated. The subjects were 11 first and second year medical students who took part in an elective course in medical humanities, in which counseling skills, active listening and experiental focusing were taught. The class met for 10 sessions every other week, in which students were exposed to these techniques. On weeks when the class did not meet, students practiced these techniques in pairs among themselves. At each of these sessions, students filled out a relationship scale and recorded the session into a cassette tepe. Furthermore, students filled out personality tests at the first and last class A comparison of the results of the relationship scale between the first and last session showed a significant increase in the students' ability for empaty (P<0.02) and for unconditional positive regard (P<0.02). Not enough personality tests were handed in at the last class to provide a useful comparison. Tapes of the sessions are currently being investigated in another study using a different measurement. The authors discuss the need for such experiental courses for medical students to overcome the Cartesian view of seeing others as "objects" and for developing humanistic ways of relating to other persons.

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The present study is an attempt to assess attitudes towards work and subjective feelings of fatigue. To discover the relationships between these factors, a field study was conducted in a large-sized electric company. The subjects were 1376 male workers. The results of the 30 questions concerning subjective feelings of fatigue published by the Japan Association of Industrial Health showed that the complaint rate of fatigue in younger workers (18 - 29 yrs.) was higher than that of older workers (30-66 yrs.). In the middle aged (44-49 yrs.), feelings of fatigue in the administrative group were lower than that of the non-administrative group. Finally, workers who had a high complaint rate of fatigue were less favourably disposed towards their work and felt an increase in boredom, loneliness and monotony. Overall, the results indicated that the difference of labor mode exerts an influence on the onset of self-reported stress.

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Energy levels in about a hundred medium-weight nuclei from ⁵⁸Ni to¹²⁰Sn are compared with the phonon picture which includes the anharmonic effects due to the Pauli principle and Hy interaction. Several problems of the phonon model are pointed out. In the 2⁺ phonon energy region, 2⁺ is low and 4⁺ is high contrary to the prediction of the Pauli principle. In the 3 phonon energy region, the spin states 2⁺ , 3⁺ which are presumed to be high due to the Pauli principle, are found to be low. Level densities of this energy region are considerably large. These problems are related to the failure of BCS approximation, the coupling of non-collective states and the failure of the repeatability of the same phonon. An attempt on the formulation including renomalized phonon is shown.

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Penetrating keratoplasty combined lens extraction was employed in 4 cases at the Department of Ophthalmology Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health from January 1981 through May 1983. The visual acuity of the treated eye in all of the four cases has improved from before surgery. The operative procedure employed in our cases was very effective in preventing complications that might occur during and after surgery. We performed the extracapsular lens extraction by using the open sky method and A/I tip under a surgical microscope without difficulty. We concluded that the keratoplasty combined with extracapsular lens extraction can be safely and reliably performed by employing the above method and that it is a very effective and useful operation in cases of which visual impairment is due to corneal opacity and cataracts.

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A seven-year-old case with chronic dacryocystitis resulting from congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct was cured not by a dacryocystorhinostomy but by probing of the duct. Our results show that even in case of planned dacryocystorhinostomy, probing of the duct should be performed at least once.

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Hyperthermia is being re-evaluated and currently used in the treatment of malignant tumor. There have been numerous in vitro and in vivo experimental data presented which confirm the selective heat damage on malignant cells. This review will attempt to summerize the information on experimental and clinical reports concerning hyperthermia. The results of extracorporeally induced hyperthermia of our series are also mentioned.

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It is certain that words exist on the premise that they are accompanied by what is called 'meaning', but in a number of respects the relationship between words and their meanings is very complicated e g. the combination or connection of words is based on the speaker's verbal experience. This fact is true not only for the right lexical understanding but also for the grammatical meaning or a word's function within the sentence (for example: lexical meaning: "Crossroad ahead!"-transferred meaning: "She stood at the crossroad of her life. " Grammatical function: "She is pretty." but "He is a pretty old man.") As soon as we enter the field of idiomatical expressions, when words are combined to form new meanings and their new meanings cannot be understood by looking at the single meanings of all the components, then we have to leave the ground of a well ordered semantical system. In this study I divided some groups of idiomatic expressions according to a more or less semantical aspect based on the grade of exchangability of the components and the grade of closeness or distance of the whole meaning compared to the total meaning of all single components. In order to understand idiomatical expressions from their origins, I divided them into several groups according to the 'picture' that is implied. In a following study, that will be published later, I will compare German idiomatic expressions with their counterparts in some other European languages, asking to what extent we can speak of a common 'European mind' concerning idiomatic pictures, and to what extent we can evaluate typical German thoughts. French analogies or English imagination.

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The main aim of the Medical Humanics course, as well as that of this university, is to educate students so that they will continue philosophizing for themselves throughout their lives. Dr. Hisayoshi Omodaka, the founder of Japanese Medical Humanics (or Igaku Gairon), claimed that this discipline must be the philosophy of medicine. Medical Humanics should be the philosophy for physicians, researchers and all other health-related professionals. This philosophy is different from the philosophy which is taught independently to freshmen in the university. Thus the philosophy of medicine should embody those concrete materials which are harvested directly from the hot spots of medical practice. This paper is based on the author's series of lectures in medical humanics with the title: "Man and Medicine", given between October and December of 1982 to the 5th-year undergraduates. In this series the author attempted to express his own views, along with the philosophical thinking of many great physicians and thinkers, so far as they are reflected in the mirror of the history of medicine. The outline is as follows: (1) Usefulness of the history of medicine for medical students. (2) Origin of medicine and the occult sciences. (3) Western classic medicine: from Hipocrates to the Renaissance. (4) Chinese classic medicine. (5) Brief sketch of Japanese medicine: from ancient to Meiji period. There is a general tendency among both medical students and teachers to make little of the history of medicine. However, as William Hazlitt wrote in his poem, "By despising all that has preceded us, we teach others to despise ourselves".

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