Three kinds of catecholamines and a related compound, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopa were separated completely by high-performance liquid chromatography using a weak cation-exchange gel column and monitored by the native fluorescence measurements. The calibration curve for each catecholamine was a straight line within the range of 0.5 ng to 300 ng. Recoveries of catecholamines in sample solutions were examined by varying the amount of activated alumina as an adsorbent and the concentration of acetic acid as an eluent. The use of 0.40 g of activated alumina and 2 ml of 0.8 M acetic acid resulted in the recoveries of nearly 85% for norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine with the coefficients of variation of nearly 2% and 68% for dopa with the coefficient of variation less than 5% from a urine solution containing a known amount of each catecholamine.

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The DNA coding for ribosomal 17s and 25s RNA of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL was digested with restriction endonuclease Hind Ⅲ, and the largest fragment (fragment 1; 2.5x10⁶ dalton) was inserted into the Hind Ⅲ site of plasmid pBR 322. Out of 11 bacterial clones which were resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to tetracycline, 2 clones, termend pTpr 2 and pTpr 4, were positive in a colony hybridization assay with ³²P-labelled rRNA as a probe. Plasmids were purified from these clones through CsCl-Ethidium bromide centrifugation, and analyzed with several restriction endonucleases. Upon Hind Ⅲ digestion both plasmids gave two bands with similar intensity on agarose gel electrophoresis which comigrate with fragment 1 and linear molecule of pBR 322. Digestion with Bam HI, and further with Pst I demonstrated that the fragment 1 was inversely oriented between pTpr 2 and pTpr 4. Multimers of pTpr 2 and pTpr 4 were revealed by electronmicroscopic observation of the plasmids, in which the monomers were tandemly repeated as evidenced by EcoRI digestion pattern. R-Ioop formed between pTpr 2 and rRNA confirmed that the genes for both rRNAs were inserted in the expected manner.

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The lungs of a rough toothed porpoise, Steno bredanensis, were studied from the corrosion anatomical viewpoint by preparing the corrosion cast in situ. It is the most suitable method of studying the three-dimensional relationship of the tracheobronchial tree and the pulmonary vascular tree within the lungs. There is one lobe on each side, but four secondary bronchi on the right, and three secondary ones and a cardiac impression on the left. There are three eparterial bronchi: the tracheal bronchus and the second closest bronchus to the cranium on the right side; the closest bronchus to the cranium on the left. While the pulmonary arteries go along almost the same course of the tracheobronchial tree, the pulmonary veins come intersegmentally from the peripheral parts making a four-forked convergence ventrally. One dorsal vein adds to this convergence, resulting in a five-forked form.

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Because breast echography by water-coupling approaches such as the water-tank immersion technique and the water-bag technique is non-invasive, non-time consuming and has no irradiation hazard like mammography and also has appreciable high diagnostic accuracy, approximately 85ー90% in average, it has been widely used in the field of clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. In this communication, clinical applicability, of ordinary, commonly available gray-scale ultrasonic equipment with a non-focused transducer with 5 MHz frequency is used to diagnose breast cancer. Special emphases are focused upon the technique of performing the manual contact scanning, the feasibility of diagnostic criteria currently used and the demonstration of typical echograms recorded by this technique.

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Correlation of T-cell markers of peripheral lymphocytes with suppressor-T cell function was investigated in various liver diseases, especially in viral hepatitis. Transformation of T-lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was determined by Hayakawa's method and suppressor T cell function was estimated by Fauci's method. In chronic active hepatitis and progressive liver cirrhosis, the rate of T-lymphocyte transformation by PHA and rosette forming cells (RFC) around the sheep erythrocyte were mostly decreased. On the contrary, serum inhibitors against cell-mediated immunity including α₂-macroglobulin were generally increased. Also, suppressor-T cell function was decreased in the cases of chronic active hepatitis and progressive liver cirrhosis and ⁵¹Cr-labeled T-lymphocytes were transfered to the liver and also a high uptake of radiocativities on the liver surface was observed in chronic active hepatitis. In respect to hepatitis B surfaced antigen (HBsAg), both T-lymphocyte transformation by PHA and suppressor-T cell function were decreased in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, whereas they were nearly normal in acute exacerbation of HBsAg carriers. In murine viral hepatitis, the thymocytes act suppressively on antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) acting on normal and infected hepatocytes in the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) stimulated thymocytes group, whereas they act stimulatively in the MHV unstimulated thymocytes group.

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Staphylococcus aureus possesses a specific mechanism for resistance to salt. We studied the effect of inhibitors specific to the respiratory functions on extracellular nuclease and α-toxin production in S. aureus in relation to the salt-resistance mechanism. The representative respiratory inhibitors, potassium cyanide (KCN) and sodium azide (NaN₃), depressed the rates of extracellular production of staphylococcal nuclease and α-toxin, but potassium arsenite (KAsO₂) was less effective apparently due to the occurence of by-pass routes on the bacterial respiratory chain. The attenuating effect of oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) appeared more severely on the toxin formation than the enzyme formation. The addition of sodium chloride (NaCl), which is known to stimulate the respiratory activity and extracellular enzyme formation in this bacterium, to the cultures treated with the respiratory inhibitors restored the decreased differential rate of nuclease production, but did not overcome the inhibitory effect of DNP, suggesting that the exoprotein formation in S. aureus may closely relate to the activity of bacterial respiration and depend upon the intracellular energy supply. The possible regulatory processes of the respiratory functions on exoprotein formation are discussed.

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It has been known that the urine volume decreases during muscular exercise but the mechanism of this change has not been well known. Since an increase in the plasma antidiuretic hormone level in exercise has been reported, it is necessary to study the activity of SON neurons during exercise. We examined reactions of neurosecretory neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) to activation of muscle afferents by electrical and chemical stimulation in anesthetized and hemispherectomized cats. While group I fibers from muscle spindle receptors did not influence SON neural activities, group III and IV gastrocnemius muscle nerves activated by electrical stimulation excited SON neurons after a latency of 80－100 msec. This excitation was followed by a long lasting inhibition. Injections of chemicals into the arteries to the gastrocnemius muscle excited SON neurons. We concluded that activation of the muscle afferents either by electrical or chemical stimulations, increased the activity of the SON neurons suggesting that small-fiber afferents from the muscle played an important role in increasing the plama ADH level during exercise.

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For a continuous-line source such as a freeway, the dispersion equation is obtained by integrating the dispersion equation for a point source. An approximation method is necessary to calculate this definite integral, and so the approximation by point sources and the method of using the error function were studied.

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An attempt has been made to relate and compare mathematically three modern pitch theories, the "pattern transformation theory" (Wightman, 1973), the "optimum processor theory"(Goldstein, 1973), and the "virtual pitch theory" (Terhardt, 1974). These theories are divided into two groups; the linear transformation theories and the non-linear one. Wightman's model is linear and mathematically equivalent to Terhardt's model except for the configuration of model parameters. Goldstein's model is a non-linear one using the statistical maximum likelihood estimation method. Goldstein's model can predict pitch phenomena quantitatively. On the other hand, the two linear models are inferior in quantitative pitch predictions, because they do not comprise parameters calculated from experimental data. In order to make the linear pitch models quantitative, the "generalized linear pitch model" has been developed. Methods of determining the "template function" that is the core of this model are discussed.

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A 54-year-old man had suffered from episodes of thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery, esophageal varices and splenomegaly for 11 years. Repeated peripheral blood counts disclosed a persistent increase of erythrocytes, granulocytes and thrombocytes. The autopsy revealed panmyelosis, organization and recanalization of thromboemboli, especially in the mesenteric region, esophageal varices, splenomegaly with infarction scar and left ventricular aneurysm associated with obsolete myocardial infarction. However, no apparent fibrosis of the liver was noted. The present case should be considered as panmyelosis, a type of hemopoietic dysplasia, clinically manifested as portal hypertension due to thromboembolism.

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Clinical observations were done on five patients who received incompatible blood trans fusions. Two of the incompatibilities were in the ABO system and three by the irregular antibodies that did not cause hemolysis in vitro (anti-E, anti-Jk^a and aniti-Jk^b). In two of the ABO-incompatibility and one of the incompatibility by the anti-E antibody, bleeding tendencies such as oozing from the operative sites, vaginal bleeding, hematuria and bleeding from the venipuncture sites were observed following incompatible transfusions during or after surgery. Acute renal failure was also developed in one. She was positive in the anti-E antibody and received the administration of 1,000 ml of E-positive blood. Coagulation studies revealed evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) such as thrombocytopenia, marked elevation of FDP and decrease of plasminogen and antithrombin Ⅲ in these three patients. DIC may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hemolytic transfusion reaction not only in the ABO-incompatibility but also in the incompatibility caused by the irregular antibody.

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A woman, 70 years old, was admitted into our University Hospital on September 19, 1979, with a slight fever and general fatigue as her chief complaints. She was examined for a slight liver injury by a doctor several years ago without any advice or treatment. On admission, she did not have any peculiar signs or symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, struma, hepato-splenomegaly or skin manifestation. As for laboratory findings, she showed a high value of E. S. R. (48 mm/hr), globulin of 2.9 g/dl, IgG of 3560 mg/dl, anti-thyroglobulin of 1:1600, anti-microsome of 1:6400 and anti DNA antibodies titers of 1:80 besides abnormal liver function. HBsAg, anti HBs and AFP were negative. She underwent a laparoscopy and a liver biopsy in our clinic and was diagnosed as having chronic active hepatitis with lobular disorganization (pre-cirrhosis). Surgical open-biopsy of thyroid was carried out on March 29, 1980, and she was diagnosed as having chronic thyroiditis in early stage. The patient may be thought to be a comparatively rare case of the so-called "Hepato-thyroiditis syndrome" (Fukase et al., 1967) but the authors think that this case is a good example of the auto-immune mechanism as suggested by Fukase.

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A number of recent studies on hysteria and conversion symptoms are reviewed. There is great confusion about the diagnosis of hysteria. The misuse and abuse of the term may give rise to diagnostic misunderstanding and lead, under certain circumstances, to therapeutic mismanagement. The results of follow-up studies indicated that about 60 per cent of patients originally diagnosed as hysteria had developed signs of physical disease. It appears that patients diagnosed as hysteria do not belong to a single disease entity but to a heterogeneous group with varying degrees of organic and other components. The terms "hysteria" and "hysterical" disappeared from DSM-Ⅲ (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. ) published this year and were replaced by, and mainly divided into the following entities; somatization disorders, conversion disorders, psychogenic pain disorders and dissociative disorders.

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