Nonpolar and polar lipids of an alkalophilic bacterium, Bacillus sp. A-007, were analyzed by use of column, thin-layer, paper and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major nonpolar lipids were diacylglycerols (56% of nonpolar lipids), squalene and dehydrosqualene (24%). Polar lipids were composed of seven species of phospholipids. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG, 67% of polar lipids), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 21%), cardiolipin (CL, 7%) and bis (monoacylglycero) phosphate (BMP, 4%) were predominant phospholipids and these accounted for 99% of the total polar lipids. One minor phospholipid was phosphatidic acid and the other two were not identified because of their very low contents. The ratio of nonpolar lipids to polar lipids was 4:6. It is notable that glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, which are commonly distributed in many kinds of Gram-positive bacteria, were completely absent in strain A-007 and all of the other three strains of alkalophilic bacilli examined. Fatty acids of total lipid were mainly composed of iso C15:0, anteiso C15:0, n C16:0 and iso C17:0 acids which were similar to those of Bacillus subtilis W23. No significant difference in fatty acid composition was seen among major lipids. Positional distribution of fatty acids of PG and PE were determined based on the specificity of phospholipase A₂ hydrolysis of the lipids. In both phospholipids, longer chain fatty acids were concentrated at C-1 position of the glycerol moiety and the shorter ones at C-2 position. The other three alkalophilic strains of Bacillus species contained similar lipids but one of them (Bacillus sp. A-40-2) lacked BMP. In vivo experiments of phospholipid metabolism showed that PG was a precursor of BMP and CL, and the turnover of PG was slow in Bacillus sp. A-007 in comparison with that in B. subtilis W23.

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The inhibition effects of SpA binding to anaphylactic sensitization activities of antibody molecules in guinea pigs were quantitatively investigated using isolated guinea pig subclass antibodies, IgG1 and lgG2, and rabbit antibody lgG against BSA. It was found that the anaphylactic sensitization activities of the antibodies both in PCA and systemic reactions were completely inhibited by the binding of SpA with these antibodies, and that the concentration of SpA required to inhibit the sensitization activities was almost the same as those of the immunoglobulins. The possibility that the inhibition effects with SpA binding are related to the blockage of interaction sites of the antibody molecules to Fc receptors on their target cells is discussed.

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Anti-idiotypic antisera against human myeloma proteins, Shi (IgC1λ) and Fuk (IgG1κ), were obtained by immunizing goats and rabbits with each of the myeloma proteins. The lgG fractions isolated physico-chemically from these antisera were specifically purified using immunoadsorbents conjugated with each of the myeloma proteins to Sepharose 4B, and the specific antibodies obtained were thoroughly absorbed with an immunoadsorbent conjugated with normal human lgG pooled from more than 13,000 doners to Sepharose 4B. Each of the idiotypically specific antibodies showed a single precipitation line in double diffusion tests with the homologous myeloma protein, but no precipitation line with the normal lgG and other myeloma proteins as far as tested. The binding experiments of ¹²⁵I labeled normal lgG to the immunoadsorbents of the anti-idiotypic antibodies showed that only 0.01 to 0.05% of the total protein was able to bind specifically and quantitatively. The bound fractions were capable of dissociating with 2M NaSCN in PBS, and the eluates dialyzed against PBS were applied to the same immunoadsorbents. In the re-adsorption experiments, the amounts of over 60% of the total proteina applied were combined to the immunoadsorbents. The proteins recovered by the elution were labeled with ¹²⁵I and the immunochemical properties were compared with those of the myeloma proteins, and the specificities of the binding reactions were further ascertained using a coated tube radio-immunoassay. By the measurements of direct and inhibitory bindings to the polystyrene tubes coated with each of the anti-idiotypic antibodies, it was found that each of the bound proteins shared the similar idiotypic determinant to each of their corresponding myeloma proteins, but did not share of the other myeloma protein. These results were discussed with reference to the cross-idiotypic reactivities between monoclonal and polyclonal immunoglobulins in heterozygous individuals.

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A method to evaluate in detail the alteration of the low titer of HCG in urine was elaborated at the time of a follow up study of a patient with trophoblastic disease. A new prognostic determination criteria reflecting the factors, such as existence or nonexistence of ovary, months elapsed after treatment and cyclic change of menstruation were proposed together with one point check screening method using such diagnostic standard as a guideline.

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Partitional calorimetry of two legless men (bilateral hip disarticulated, BHD), whose surface area was diminished by 41% of that of normal men, was made at 3 different ambient temperatures (T_a). At the thermoneutral temperature (T_a=26℃ and 30℃) cutaneous vaporization was decreased with a concomitant increase in water loss from the respiratory tract. The increase in pulmonary loss corresponded to an increase in the ventilation volume (V_E B_TPS). A remarkable increase in cutaneous water loss was observed under a heat load (T_a=33℃). The relationship between mean skin temperature and cutaneous evaporation on the BHD was same as the normal control. The core and shell temperatures became higher in the BHD than normal control under the heat load. Metabolic heat production and tissue heat conductance increased in the BHD. The increased cutaneous evaporation in the BHD at T_a=33℃ was explained by the three following factors : (1) high metabolic heat productlon, (2) vasodilation at peripheral circulation, and (3) reduced heat dissemination from the skin.

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A strain of housefly, Wakamatsu-m, highly resistant to malathion, was established from a colony collected in Kitakyushu after 13 generations of successive selection with this chemical. The resistance was shown to be almost completely dominant by the reciprocal crosses between the resistant and susceptible strains. Linkage group analysis of the dominant factor responsible for this resistance was carried out by the method F₁ male backcross to susceptible multi-chromosomal marker strains. The dominant factor for malathion resistance was located only on the 2nd chromosome and no dominant effect of the other autosomes was observed. For toxicological characterization of the resistant strain used, results of susceptibility tests with various groups of insecticides are also given.

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Electrophoretic patterns of LDH activity in 4th instar larvae of about 35 mosquito species were compared on polyacrylamide gel plates. When enzyme extracts were prepared from whole・body (W) homogenates, usually only one LDH activity band was detected on the zymogram in about 30 species examined. In the first group of species, an intense LDH band was always detected, but the second group of mosquito larvae showed fluctuation in activities of the enzyme, even within a single species or strain. Furthermore, the third group of mosquito species did not show any detectable activity band, even enzyme concentrations of extracts were highly increased. This difficulty in detecting the LDH band was, however, successfully overcome by removing the larval digestive tract (D) before homogenization. Thus, the use of the W-D enzyme preparation uncovered hidden LDH activity bands, and in some species even an additional band was also visualized by this technique. An inhibitory effect of the D on LDH activity was found to be due to the presence of midgut but not to gastric caeca, hindgut, colon, rectum nor Malpighian tubes.

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Collembola, one of the representative groups of the soil fauna, was studied in the period from May to July of 1981 at seven minor ecosystems selected along the gradient of human impact in the Kitakyushu area in which the campus of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH) exists. The collembolan fauna included 10 families, 41 genera and 77 species. At the natural forest, the number of species was largest and community diversity and population density were highest. At the secondary forest which remains in the developed area, the number of species were about the same as the natural forest, though the diversity was somewhat higher. They became far less at the shrubbery, the lawn area and or the bare ground with little or no herbs. On the bare ground areas, most of the species belonged to Isotomidae and Onychiuridae, while in the forest, species of Hypogastruridae, Pseudachorutidae and Neanuridae were abundant. The numbers of species and individuals were overwhelmingly high in the uppermost soil layer from 0 to 5 cm deep at every study site, though there were some species which were distributed in deeper layers in the natural and secondary forests. It was noticeable that the community diversity in both forests was considerably high at the soil layer from 5 to 10 cm deep. The spacial distribution of the whole Collembola fit the random distribution in the natural and the secondary forests, while that on the lawn and bare ground areas fit strongly clumped distribution. According to the similarity of the specific composition, the collembolan community was divided into three types, i. e. the forest, the herbland and the bare ground type. The fauna of the shrubbery showed an intermediate type between the forest and the herbland.

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Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is one of the main plant hormones. It Is found not only in plants, but in some mammals and their urine. Yamaki et al. (1979) reported the production of IAA in human cancer tissue of the alimentary canal (esophagus, stomach and cecum) and its postoperative reduction in urine. It was postulated that IAA was closely related to cancer growth. The action of IAA on animal cells in tissue culture showed that IAA was one of the regulating factors of cell multiplication and that parachlorophenoxyiso-butyric acid (PCIB) retarded the cell growth as an antagonist to IAA. It still is not clear whether IAA has an effect on growth of HeLa cells, an established cell line derived from human epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix. To evaluate the action of IAA and PCIB for the growth of HeLa cells, five lines of media were designed: 1) Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) +1xl0^-5M IAA, 2) MEM, 3) MEM+10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 4) MEM+1×10^-5M IAA+1xl0^-3M PCIB and 5) MEM+10% FBS+1xl0^-3M PCIB. The results were as follows: 1) the growth of HeLa cells was accelerated by exogeneously supplemented IAA, but less than the effect of 10% FBS, 2) PCIB had an antagonistic action to FBS and IAA for the growth of HeLa cells, and 3) serum-supplemented medium had superior effect to serum-free media on cell growth, and serum-free MEM, IAA+PClB-added medium. Our experimental results seem to support the assumption that IAA is one of the regulating factors of cancer cell growth. Although the mechanism, by which IAA brings about this effect, remains to be elucidated, it may be common to both plant and animal cells including human cancer cells, independently of the structural differences.

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In this report on 199 industrial physicians in the Kitakyushu Medical Association, we discussed their characteristics regarding sex, age and specialities classified by both district (Moji, Kokura, Wakamatsu, Yahata and Tobata) and medical groups (class A members; physicians paying full dues including those being employed, and class B members; physicians being employed). There are 149 members in class A and 50 members in class B; 36 persons in Moji, 65 in Kokura, 21 in Wakamatsu, 58 in Yahata and 19 in Tobata. Our results are as follows: 1) Males are 98% of all industrial physicians (males-195 and females-4). 2) The mean age of the 199 industrial physicians is 56.7 years old, and the difference between class A members and class B members is very small. 3) Of all main specialities listed by industrial physicians, internal medicine is the highest (61.8%), followed by surgery (27.1%). It is noteworthy that the above two specialities combined percentages is 88.9% of the total. Of the 149 members in class A, 86 members list internal medicine (55.7%) and 48 members surgery (32.2%). Of the 50 members in class B, 37 members list internal medicine (74.0%) and 6 members surgery (12.0%). Comparing the two medical groups, in class B, the proportion of members listing internal medicine as their speciality is very high.

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According to the source regarding industrial physicians in Fukuoka Prefecture published in 1980, 522 establishments in the city of Kitakyushu employ industrial physicians. We discussed, in this report, the characteristics regarding the administrative district (Moji, Kokura-kita, Kokura-minami, Wakamatsu, Yahata-higashi, Yahata-nishi, Tobata), size (persons engaged) and industry (major groups) of the above 522 establishments. In the private establishments employing 50 or more persons the proportion of those employing industrial physicians to the whole is 39.1% in the city of Kitakyushu. The proportion of the former to the latter is 27.3% in construction, 60.3% in manufacturing and 46.7% in transport and communication. Regarding the geographic relation between establishments and industrial physicians employed, in most cases establishments employ Industrial physicians living and/or working in the same district. Among the 199 industrial physicians in the Kitakyushu Medical Association those employed by only one establishment are 126 persons (63.3%) and those employed by 5 or more are 22 persons (11.1%). In establishments employing 500 or more persons the ratio of physicians listing surgery as their main speciality to those listing internal medicine is very small. But in establishments employing 50-499 persons whose industry is manufacturing or transport and communication, the ratio of members listing the former to those listing the latter in class A (physicians paying full dues including those being employed) is relatively large.

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A perspective of human adaptability was described, and it was clarified that human adaptation to environment should be classified into two categories, i. e, natural adaptation and cultural adaptation; natural adaptation includes physiological adaptation and adaptive differentiation (genetic adaptation). Physiological mechanisms underlying the heat acclimatization and cold acclimatization was described based on the observations of Japanese. It was clarified that patterns of physiological reactions observed in acclimatization varied according to the changes of environmental factors and of living conditions. It was emphasized that patterns of adaptative functions in long term acclimatization were quite different from those in short term acclimatization. Racial characteristics of the Mongoloid were described in relation to the adaptability to cold by referring to the hypothesis of Coon, Garn and Birdsell. The distribution of the Mongoloids throughout the known-world of the fifteenth century, and the prosperity and decline of their nations on the American-Continent, and the success of modernization and industrialization of the Japanese who are Mongoloids were discussed by criticizing John Hall's historical view of Japan. In the discussion, the author emphasized that a distinguished socio-cultural adaptability of the Japanese, and the special geographical situation of the Japan islands are important factors in the dissolution of cultural shocks from foreign countries, and in the modernization of Japan.

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Concerning the distribution of prime numbers, there are many unsolved problems. In order to learn the distribution pattern of primes, calculations were executed by using a digital computer. Arranging the results, five tables were made up of primes up to 2500000000. These tables contain the number of primes, number of pairs of twin-prime, number of primes of type 120m+1, difference between successive primes, and others.

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From the beginning of his life on this earth "Homo sapiens" has tried to understand his existence in relation to his environment and to nature in general. This reflection differs from culture to culture and the view of the world changes from one historical period to another, but in the past all views share one important phenomenon, that is, secrets and unexplainable facts were seen behind a mystical curtain and the religious man approached these things with great respect and shy fear. With the beginning of the age of discoveries this sacral view of the world was shaken and "Prometheus" became the ideal of modern man. From then on man tried to understand everything just in relation to himself and to his empiristic data, proclaiming that the end of all religious faiths means liberalization from a superstitious and non-real view of the world. According to materialistic philosophers, man caught in religious blindness must be freed from this "alienation": the world is only matter, and nothing but matter. The progress of mankind and the possibility of finding his true self is said to depend on whether he succeeds in demythologizing and desacralizing his world. Referring to Feuerbach and Marx, I want to explain what they understood by "alienation" and then try to analyze the present situation in western countries where we can notice some sort of "alienation" within the existential experience. Did the way out of this materialistic "alienation" really profit man or do we have to confess that this way of thinking in fact caused a real "alienation" for man in modern society?

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