This study was performed on four simulated professional divers (31 ATA, PO₂=0.4 bar, PN₂=0.79 bar) to investigate the function of their sleep polygraphically. All-night electrographical recording of the subjects' sleep was taken from 23:00 until 07:00 the next morning, predive, saturation, decompression, and postdive from Nov. 20 to Dec. 13, 1985. Polygraphic analysis of nocturnal sleep was done by a microcomputer technique developed by us for comparison with visual scoring. This system is a real-time processing system. Therefore, a sleep chart is completed when the experiment is finished. This system was very useful for the analysis of the tremendous volume of sleep records during a nearly one-month experiment. The following results were obtained: 1) In the predive control, total amount of stages (3+4) of NREM and REM sleep decreased. 2) In the hyperbaric environment at 31 ATA, ail the divers had to interrupt their sleep once or twice for nocturnal sleep urination, and also total waking time increased during nocturnal sleep. 3) At 31 ATA, the length and the cycle of the sleep profile vacillated. 4) A high degree of correlation was observed between the sleep profile recorded by the polygraph and the subjective appreciation of sleep.

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The use of a microphone to detect sound emitted from knee joint and tissues is a significant advance on acoustic detection systems. All possible artifact signals encountered by the sound detection technique were investigated. 1) Background noise is minimized by measuring in an anechoic chamber. 2) Coupler noise is eliminated by ventilation holes. 3) Skin friction noise is effectively eliminated using ultrasonic-gel. 4) The use of a double microphone with differential amplifier to subtract the signals between two microphones is not suitable for the measurement of knee joint sound, because of the appearance of peak and dip frequency in a spectrum. 5) It is possible to obtain the actual spectrum of knee joint sound by subtracting the spectrum of background sound from the spectrum of recorded knee joint sound.

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Radiation therapy combined with radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia was performed on 5 advanced cancer patients. Included were one each with urinary bladder cancer, hepatoma with left axillary node metastasis, breast cancer, tongue cancer with left cervical metastasis, and mandibular cancer. All had large tumors, which were judged to be uncontrollable by radiotherapy alone. They were treated with irradiation (Linac: 10 MV X-ray 1.8 - 2.0 Gy/day, 5 days/week), followed within an hour by RF hyperthermia once or twice a week. Partial response was obtained in the urinary bladder cancer patient. Surface overheating around the margin of electrodes occurred in all but no severe complications were observed.

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Questionnaires were administered to employees of a Tokyo-based company which produces electronic devices. The questionnaire includes items on work, work environment, interpersonal relationship, among others. Answers from 1788 employees were obtained and were analyzed by a multivariate statistical method (Hayashi's Quantification Ⅲ) and the first two dimensions drawn from the analysis were considered. In the first dimension the variables were found to be arranged in a similar manner with Maslow's "Need Hierarchies". The second dimension reveals dissatisfactions ranging from personal problems to interpersonal problems. When the variables were located in these two dimensions, the configuration showed two separate variable clusters. These results indicate that there are two different characteristic variables which roughly correspond to Herzberg's two factors, namely, Motivation and Hygiene factors. It is interesting that a multivariate method gave results consistent with both Maslow's and Herzberg's theory.

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The combination of the systolic anterior motion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and/or the mitral annular calcification in the case of asymmetrical septal hypertrophy has been fully recognized. However, in concentric left ventricular hypertrophy the systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve and the massive posterior submitral calcification have not been commonly reported. We present a case with mild concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and massive posterior submitral calcification which displace the entire mitral ring anteriorly, namely, toward the left ventricular outflow tract. In this case, typical left ventricular outflow obstruction with systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve was seen. Thus, we considered that this rare condition may have contributed to the formation of the systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet in this case. We have provided additional information regarding the possible causes of systolic outflow obstruction in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

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An endemic disease in Taiwan named "Black-foot Disease", which has been researched since 1958 and about which many papers have been published, was considered caused by arsenic poisoning from artesian well water. In the beginning some information related to the disease before 1958 is introduced and then, reviews of the six papers titled "Epidemiologic Studies" on "Black-foot Disease" are made without referring to any findings from other papers. The data related to the incidence and severity of the disease from the papers are reevaluated, paying special attention to the fact that the incidence of the disease increased after the installation of pipe system water-supply to replace the artesian wells. With the abovementioned result the theory which considers arsenic poisoning as the cause of the disease, is disproved.

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This review offers a rational basis for the use of fundamental physiological controlling mechanisms in setting safe environmental limits for occupational situations where heat stress is encountered. There is no single index of heat stress that has been universally accepted However, the use of wet bulb glove temperature (WBGT) has been adopted by various organizations on occupational health and safety in several industrial countries Thermal limits suggested for everyday work continue to be subject to argument. The controversies arise from the fact that many factors such as individual variations, acclimatization, clothing, age, sex, physical fitness and work load lead to significant effects on tolerance of man to heat. Several measures for prevention of heat stress under industrial situations are summarized briefly. There is no agreement on a single measure to be used, rather a combination of these measures can be the most effective mean to alleviate or prevent severe heat stress. It is to be hoped that this review may help public health officials and medical doctors of various work occupations resolve some of the problems that arise in setting thermal limits and preventive measures, thus contributing to increase productivity and efficiency of work.

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The mitochondrial (petite) mutation in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was discovered first in the laboratory of Ephrussi in 1949. A number of studies In this field have been reported during the past 37 years. Our current knowledge about mitochondrial genetics is based on the studies of this unicellular eukaryote. The aim of this review is to present a suitable point to step back and look at the petite mutation in a broader context. Also, the probable course of petite mutation by ethidium and ethidium analogs is discussed.

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Authors present the statistics of the diagnosis and treatment of infertile patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan throughout 1985. The number of primary infertility (78) was greater than that of secondary infertility (63). The average age and the duration of infertility were 30.5 y. old/ 3.86 y. (primary) and 31.6 y. old/ 3.59 y. (secondary), respectively. The most frequent cause of infertility was ovarian-endocrine factor both in primary and secondary infertilities. The second cause was the male factor in primary infertility in spite of the idiopathic factor in secondary infertility. Tubal disorder as a cause was relatively few in both infertilities. So-called open laparoscopy was performed on 11 patients, with little hope of cure. In eight of these patients, disorders of tubal patency and endometriosis, which were not found by hysterosalpingography and hydrotubation before laparoscopy, were discovered for the first time. In twenty pregnancies at the day of statistics, the number of secondary infertility (13) was greater than that of primary infertility (7). All pregnant cases were under 35 years of age and under 5-year of infertility duration at the initial visit to our outpatient clinic. The number 1 cause of infertility was ovarian-endocrine factor. In eight pregnant cases, hysterosalpingography was performed in the same or one cycle before the pregnant cycle. According to the summation of the questionnaire of 65 infertile patients, most of infertile patients were affirmative to in-vitro-fertilization and embryo transfer. Depressive and neurotic tendencies were not remarkable at that time by Self-Rating-Depression Scale (SDS) and Cornell Medical Index (CMI) in 42 infertile patients.

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