No reports could be found to examine the rate of successful echography of the fetal scrota, penises and labia majora classified by individual weeks of gestation during the long period of the 23rd to 41st week of gestation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the fetal APG in order to find to what extent the echograms could be taken of its scrotum, penis, Iabia majora, M-type, and F-type for each week in gestation during the period of the 23rd to 41st week of gestation and to seek the optimal periods for observation of each image during gestation. Ultrasonography was performed 3039 times in total on 620 pregnant women who delivered their babies. With the first manipulation method (pelvic-base APG transverse echography) and the second manipulation method (pelvic-base frontal echography), fetal APG echograms were reproduced, and the M-type, the fetal scrota, penises, the F-type and labia majora were observed. The results were as follows : 1) The rates of successful echography with the first and second manipulations classified by individual weeks of gestation were also determined, and the optimal periods for observation were sought. 2) The rates of correct echography as a whole were also determined, with the following results: cephalic presentation 90.4% (male fetuses) 95.6% (female fetuses). 3) There were 9 sets of twins, including 2 (2 fetuses out of 18, in terms of their numbers) whose sex was undeterminable. The reasons for the undeterminability were the outflow of amniotic fluid due to the rupture of the bag and the death of the fetus in the uterus at an early stage of gestation. 4) Six cases of misrecognitions existed, among which 5 were of misrecognition of male fetuses as female ones. Misrecognition has been gradually corrected by frequent examination.

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A simple method is described for the simultaneous determinations of total water-soluble metabolites of [¹⁴C] benzo(a)pyrene and their irreversible binding to DNA, RNA and proteins. [¹⁴C]Benzo(a)pyrene, DNA, microsomes and NADPH were incubated together in a suitable buffer. Reactions were stopped by adding acetone and hexane, and unmetabolized benzo(a)pyrene and organic solvent-soluble metabolites were extracted into the hexane layer. An aliquot of the mixture was transferred to a small centrifuge tube and placed at -70℃ after centrifugation. Only the aqueous phase was frozen and the organic solvent was discarded by decantation. This procedure was repeated three times. An aliquot of the remaining aqueous phase was employed directly to determine the amounts of water-soluble metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene. Another aliquot was spread on filter paper and the filter was soaked into cold 10% trichloroacetic acid to remove acid-soluble materials. The filter papers were washed sequentially in batchweise with 10% trichloroacetic acid and acetone. The radioactivities remaining on the filter papers were counted as the binding-products. Total water-soluble metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene with liver microsomes from polychloro biphenyl-treated mice were much greater than those with microsomes from normal liver. It was found, however, that approximately 35 to 45% of water-soluble metabolites were existing as binding-adducts to macromolecules in both induced and uninduced cases. The present method is convinient for quantitative estimation of the activating system of carcinogens in some biological sources.

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High performance liquid chromatography equipped with radioactivity monitor was used to analyze the metabolites of [¹⁴C]benzo(a)pyrene by microsomes from tulip and Jerusalem artichoke. The metabolites produced by plant microsomes were compared with those by microsomes from methylcholanthrene-treated rat liver. The metabolites of benzo(a)-pyrene (BP) by plant microsomes were mainly BP-quinone and BP-phenol but no BP-diol derivatives, while those by rat liver microsomes were BP-quinone, BP-phenol and BP-diol derivatives. A new peak, which was not detected by rat liver microsomes, was observed in the metabolites by tulip bulb microsomes. However, its nature has not been characterized. The ratio of quinone to phenol in the metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene was much higher by the plant system than that by the rat liver system. These results suggest that there are many differences in the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene of plant tissues and rat liver.

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Bryophyte communities were studied at six study sites on and near the UOEH campus in 1981 and 1982. The sites are different in habitat conditions ranging from a little disturbed natural forest of Castanopsis sieboldii, through secondary forest, lawn on slope, lawn on flat site and shrubbery, to cracks between the concrete slabs. The number of bryophyte species decreased, with increasing disturbance, from 23 through 18, 12, 7 and 4, to 2 in the six study sites respectively. Of the 23 species occurring in the natural forest, 17 were exclusive to the forest site and the remaining 6 were common to the secondary forest. The species occurring on the UOEH campus excepting for those in the secondary forest were the pioneer ones or those which can grow under heavily human impact conditions. They were Bryum capillare, Ceratodon purpureus, Weissia controversa Barbula unguiculata, Bryum argenteum and Brachymenium exile. Bryum argenteum and Brachymenium exile which were distributed even in the cracks between the concrete slabs of the pavement created 3 years ago. In the lawn area, both number of species and abundance are larger on the slope than on the flat site. On the slope, Barbula unguiculata is distributed through a wide range of the environment. But others are abundant on the slope facing the north.

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Successful results in making a correct diagnosis were obtained by using vaginography in six out of seven cases of ureterovaginal fistula after gynecological surgery. This technique is considered to be able to provide us with enough information about perifistular inflammatory changes, the exact site of the fistula, the degree of ureteral stenosis and/or pathologic changes of the upper urinary tracts, which are of real value when deciding on the time for performing reconstructive surgery.

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This paper describes the experimental design, operating conditions and performance data in an exposure chamber system for a nickel oxide aerosol. Except for those on high level noise generation, the performance data were satisfactory. The concentration of a nickel oxide aerosol was adjusted at the dust concentration controller just before entry into the exposure chamber. Rats were exposed to a nickel oxide aerosol for 2 months(6 hours per day, 5 days per week) at 6.5mg/m³ (aerodynamic medium diameter of 1.2μm).

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The mutagenicity of airborne particulates was studied using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100. Airborne particulates were collected on a glass fiber filter using a Hi-volume air sampler, and then extracted by the Soxhlet extraction apparatus with benzene. Mutagenic activities of benzene-soluble material were measured by the pre-incubation method using TA 98 strain with or without S-9 mix. The linear doseresponse relationship for mutagenicity of the benzene-soluble material were obtained by the TA 98 strain both in the presence or absence of the S-9 mix. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) showed unequivocal mutagenic activity when tested using TA 98 strain with S-9 mix. However, the mutagenic activity of BaP (ca. 15 μg/plate) was about 25 times higher than that of BkF. The BaP contents and the mutagenic activities in airborne particulates increased with the decrease in the particle size. More than 92% of the BaP and mutagens were contained in the respirable dusts, which are composed of particulates less than 7 μm in diameter. A significant correlation was observed between mutagenic activities and the concentration of BaP in the 12 samples of airborne particulates. These results indicated that the mutagenic survey may be useful for routine analysis as well as chemical analysis of airborne particulates.

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The coagulation studies of five patients with deficiency or severe decrease of ADP induced platelet aggregation were carried out in order to clarify the existence of heterogeneity in thrombasthenic syndrome. In all cases, prolongation of bleeding time, decreased retention of platelet and decreased platelet aggregation induced by collagen and epinephrine were seen. However, abnormal findings of thrombelastogram, clot retraction, PF-3 availability, kaolin induced ADP release, thrombin induced platelet aggregation and viscous metamorphosis were observed in only some cases. There were various combinations of abnormal findings in each case. Our results indicate that there is heterogeneity in thrombasthenic syndrome.

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The aim of this study is to aid in the planning of more desirable systems of school health in community health care. In this report, several characteristics regarding the sex, age and specialities of school physicians belonging to the Kitakyushu Medical Association (K.M.A.) in Kitakyushu City are classified by both district (Moji, Kokura, Wakamatsu, Yahata and Tobata) and medical groups (class A members; physicians paying full dues including those being employed-mainly being engaged in private practice, and class B members ; physicians being employed-mainly working in public or university hospitals) and then analyzed. In this city there are 402 schools and 415 school physicians. There are 399 school physicians in class A (378 males and 21 females), 11 members in class B (9 males and 2 females) and 5 non-members of K.M.A. Most of the schools contract school physicians for internal medicine. About 60% of class A members, whose main speciality is internal medicine or pediatrics, are school physicians and the mean number of schools where a school physician is employed is 1.4. The mean age of the class A members whose main speciality is internal medicine is 55.8 years, and that of the school physicians among them is 56.1 years. National, prefectural and municipal schools have school physicians for otorhinolaryngology (O.R.L.) and ophthalmology, while few private schools employ them. Most of the class A members whose main speciality is O.R.L. or ophthalmology are school physicians and the mean number of schools where a school physician is employed is 3.8 in O.R.L. and 5.6 in ophthalmology. In conclusion, it seems to us that school health care, especially regarding the activities of the K.M.A., has deeply planted its roots in Kitakyushu City.

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Indoleacetic acid (IAA) acts as a regulating factor of cell division not only on plant cells but also on animal cells. We report here the significance of IAA in tumor-bearing rats, of which sarcomas were induced by subcutaneous injection of 20-methylcholanthrane to Wister rats. When enlarged by several cm³, most of the tumor tissues possessed a higher concentration of IAA than that of non-neoplastic tissues, while tumor tissues under 1 cm³ in size contained no or negligible contents of IAA. Mitotic indices were significantly higher in tumors with a high concentration of IAA than in tumors containing no or negligible contents of IAA. Considering these findings, it is inferred that endogenous IAA in the tumor acted on itself to increase the proliferation rate. Although no definite relation between tumor cell differentiation and IAA concentration was recognized, a relatively well differentiated tumor tissue containing no IAA in spite of its large size was noted. Necrosis in the tumor tissue did not influence IAA concentration. IAA concentration in serum did not increase in the tumor-bearing rats.

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A 47-year-old female of alcoholic neuropathy was reported. She showed sensorimotor disturbance with glove and stocking type distribution. Electromyography demonstrated signs of denervation, and nerve conduction velocities were slightly decreased in the lower limbs. Quantitative histologic and ultrastructual studies were performed in the sural nerve biopsied. In the teased fiber analysis myelinated fibers showing axonal degeneration was observed in 36% and segmental demyelination in 12%. Determinations of fiber densities revealed a remarkable decrease of the density of large myelinated fibers with normal density of small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The clinical, electrophy-siological and histrometric findings of this case is similar to those of cases of beriberi neuropathy.

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Nitrite ion in environmental samples is determined generally by colorimetry, fluorometry (FL), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and in some cases by the chemiluminescence method, differential pulse polarography and potentiometry using an ion selective electrode, etc. Except for a few instances the determination is performed after the derivatization of nitrite ion to a proper species such as an azo dye, benzotriazole, tetrazolophthalazine (Tetra-P), an aryl halide, an aromatic nitro or nitroso compound, and nitrate ion. In this review, the analytical methods and the procedures for the determination of nitrite ion are introduced from the current literatures, and the scope and limitations of each method are discussed from a viewpoint of practical use.

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The role of nurses has been changing with the times. It is necessary for us to grasp and create a program for nursing education in order to adapt to these changing times. In Japan, because of many legal limitations, nursing education in university is far behind that in the United States. In order to improve the curriculum and because of the changes in girl's education and the methods of nursing, we have researched conditions in Japan and presented them in this report.

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Nursing education in the United States and in Japan developed during the same period but there is a great difference between their social circumstances. In the United States' university education systems one finds order and gradual improvement in quality. This has created a curriculum which can be used as a foundation for further studies. We investigated developmental process in the United States and hope to adapt it to the role and responsibility of nurses in Japan.

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Obstetricians are dealing with human reproduction. Their ultimate purpose is to obtain healthy infants from healthy mothers. This paper shows that obstetricians are making efforts to manage pregnancy and labor and obtain healthy infants. Also, the author emphasizes the necessity of cooperation among obstetricians, midwives, nurses and nutritionist as a medical treatment team.

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The mechanism of the development of disease has been considered under three aspects : psychology, endocrinology, and the autonomic nervous system. It is also important to make a diagnosis under the concept using conversion into numerical formula. The psychogenic situational factor should be paid attention to in diagnosis. In order to iｍplement such diagnosis it is mandatory to organize a therapeutic team including a clinical psychologist and case worker. The author would like to analyze clinical cases from this view-point. In the United States, family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology take charge of primary care. However, the specialist system in primary care is not yet established in Japan. It is important to continue further efforts in diagnosis and treatment from a bio-psycho-social aspect within related fields. The contents of this paper was summarized from the presentation as a symposist at the Meeting of the 5th Japan Primary Care Association held on June 12, 1982 and also from the speech given as a chairman of the symposium at the same meeting.

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Most critics are unanimous that D. H. Lawrence was frantically religious for all his uncompromising antagonism toward traditional Christianity. His reｌigious perception was of a different nature from that of a mystic or a religious dignitary. It was based on his extraordinary recognition of human existence, in which he was unconsciously enchanted by the image of Jesus Christ. If we were to re-examine the sayings and allegories of Jesus which appear in the Gospels of St. Matthew, St. Mark and St. Luke, which were reported not to have undergone deliberate theological magnifications, it will not be impossible to find a similar pattern of Jesus Christ's philosophy ; this is because He is an archetype of human existence without which no one can attain his own truth of life. This paper presents the characteristics of Lawrence's Christ and how they are related to the Christ portrayed in the Gospels.

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