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Volume 16 (1994)
- Issue 4 Pages 263-
- Issue 3 Pages 201-
- Issue 2 Pages 139-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 3
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Hajime OGATAArticle type: Special Contribution
1994 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 201-217
Published: September 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWheelchair sports were developed for people with spinal cord injuries, and have contributed greatly to the improvement of physical fitness and social interaction of handicapped people. Previously, wheelchair sports were used as a method of rehabilitation to increase the recreational activity of wheelchair-bound persons. Recently, however wheelchair sports have been expanded to include actual competitions for wheelchair athletes. There are numerous international wheelchair competitions and races all over the world. A wheelchair marathon race, one of the most strenuous wheelchair sports, has become a popular event in Japan. The Oita International Wheelchair Marathon has been held annually since 1981. In addition, the International Wheelchair Tennis competition in Iizuka City started in 1985. For the past 13 years, we have investigated the physiological aspects of wheelchair athletes primarily through these two competitions. In this review, the results of these studies are summarized and the significance of wheelchair sports is discussed from the medical rehabilitation point of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (1362K) -
Fumihiro TAJIMA, Hajime OGATA, Kyu-Ha LEE, Hiroyuki OOKAWA, Christine ...Article type: Original
1994 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 219-226
Published: September 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA piezoelectric accelerometer was attached to the arm of a wheelchair bound subject to obtain information on arm movement during wheelchair propulsion. Five physically fit normal subjects, seated on a suspended wheelchair in a laboratory setting, propelled a wheelchair 60, 90 and 120 times/min in succession for a total of 4 min each. With increased frequency of arm propulsion, arm acceleration also increased. A statistically significant (P<0.05) relationship was found between arm acceleration and frequency of arm propulsion showing a linear regression correlation of Y=0.118X-1.122. A clinical trial using the same recording system for a paraplegic athlete on a 160 m two way (80 m each way) track confirmed the system's practicality. Arm acceleration data may be extrapolated to frequency of arm propulsion or level of activity information. Complete computerization of the accelerometric data will facilitate its expansion to a variety of practical applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Masanobu MAEDAArticle type: Review
1994 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 227-251
Published: September 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats, the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), caudal ventrolateral medullary depressor area (VLDA), and rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area (VLPA) were chemically stimulated. The roles of these areas on cerebral and spinal cord circulation, the receptor type of the NTS to control cerebral circulation, and the interaction between the VLDA and the VLPA were investigated. The NTS, VLDA, and VLPA have vasoconstrictor effects on the cerebral circulation, respectively. The VLPA has a vasoconstrictor effect on spinal cord circulation. The greater petrosal nerve (GPN) cell group, which is a subgroup of the superior salivatory nucleus, may constitute a parasympathetic cerebrovasodilator center. The NMDA receptors in the NTS may be involved in the control of cerebral circulation. The vasoconstrictive pathway to control cerebral vessels from the VLDA is mediated via the VLPA and the cervical sympathetic nerves. The present results also suggest that there may be a sympathoexcitatory pathway from the VLDA to the VLPA for controlling cerebral vessels and a sympathoinhibitory pathway from the VLDA to the VLPA for controlling systemic vessels. These different roles of the pathways from the VLDA to the VLPA for the different organs may explain the regional differences of the sympathetic nerves activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1587K) -
Hideki IGISU, Hirohiko MATSUMURA, Masato MATSUOKAArticle type: Review
1994 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 253-262
Published: September 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcetylcholinesterase (AchE) in erythrocytes is one of the typical extraneural AchEs. Its activity is high in human erythrocytes. It has been known that the enzyme is present only in the membrane in erythrocytes and that it is localized on the outer side of the membrane. Recent studies have disclosed much of the primary structure of AchE and the membrane anchor structure. However, the physiological functions of erythrocyte AchE are still totally unkown. Nevertheless, the enzyme may be regarded as a model of AchE in the nervous system. In addition, it may be used to examine the status of the erythrocyte membrane. The enzyme activity seems useful as an indicator of the effects of AchE inhibitors, such as pesticides. It should be noted, however, that the activity of AchE in erythrocytes is not always a good indicator of intoxication with AchE inhibitors.View full abstractDownload PDF (676K)
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