As an introduction, I talked about my experience as a visiting professor at the Keio, Kitasato and Tokai Universities lecturing to the medical students on the introduction to medicine, finding that the Japanese students are passive in receiving education and are good at memorizing while the foreign students study hard and do not depend on memorizing alone. I also related my experience studying under Dr. Yoshio Nishina at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research for 15 years and learned how important it was to have thorough discussions. In regard to the introduction to medicine, it is composed of the following aspects : historical, philosophical, technological, policy and human. With regard to the historical aspect, the most representative paper is "Enführung in die Medizin."With regard to the philosophical aspect, this is represented in Japan by Prof. Emer. H. Omodaka and his group and these philosophers introspect medicine. In philosophical thinking there is a somewhat newer school called biophilosophy and Rensch's biophilosophy is used world-widely as a textbook. With regard to the human aspect, I always think of Alexis Carrel's "Man the Unknown". Next I touched on the macro theory of medical care where we have to consider the rapid increase of the old people and the changes in the population structure and what the effects of these changes will be in the future. In looking at the coming 21 st century we will see how we must conserve resources and use them effectively, and jointly with the other parties. Here we see the entrance of human survival order. This is very important sociobiologically but is not taught in the medical schools yet. I next touched on the metabolism of earth and stressed the role of industrial medicine in the effects of industrialization, Iike development of resources, recycling, pollution and so forth. I talked about the human survival order and the concept of health using illustrations which I always use in my talk on this subject.I talked about the DNA and RNA, reflection from the future, the phenomenon of adaptation. Next I talked about the micro order and macro order of survival, or the adaptation theory. I next talked about my concept of general economics which is composed of environment resources, human beings, which is related to comprehensive technology, and leads to service. This is related to the basic concept of medico-economics which I spoke about later on. I talked about considering the importance of the structure of the demand for medical care and about primary care, positive health, rehabilitation, community medicine, industrial medicine and medical reproduction and reproduction of health. This demand for medical care is not only from the side of the people. Demand changes with the level of culture, and by the popularization of health education there will be a true demand. I explained about the various sciences which surround medical care, such as social sciences, environmental science and social engineering. I commented on the present health insurance system and pointed out the weak and faulty parts and how it should be revised. I pointed out the many factors which this involves and how the future of medical care should be in our country. I also explained about the form of system science which should be in our country. I also explained about the form of system science which should be introduced in order for Japan to survive. Finally I expressed my hopes that the contents of the lecture in the introduction to medicine to be given at the University of Occupational and Environmental Health will contribute to making your future activity in society worthwhile.

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The effects of the unilateral lesion of the lateral geniculate body on the spontaneous EEGs and visual evoked responses were studied to learn the decomposition of high-order nervous activity. The results obtained showed inhibitory effects on EEGs and visual evoked responses at the middle lateral gyrus (L₃) and fascilitatory effects on those at the lateral suprasylvian gyrus(SS₂). There were fascilitatory effects on those at the posterior sylvian gyrus in the somesthetic area and inhibitory effects on the centro-medianus in one of the unspecific areas.

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Log-log relationship between the instantaneous height of the A wave (A) obtained from the apexcardiogram and the diameter of the minor axis of the left ventricle (D) obtained from echocardiogram has been calculated in 33 cases with sinus rhythm and various heart diseases. Coefficient of correlation of log A and log D was significantly high. This log-log slope was 6.0±1.5 in normal subjects, 14.1±7.1 in the patients with left ventricular volume overload and 24.9±8.9 in those with pressure overload. The cases with 4th heart sound showed significantly higher (15.4±7.8) than those without it (8.7±4.3, p<0.01). Log-log slope, a dimensionless value, is proposed to be useful for estimating ventricular or muscle stiffness.

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An inferior approach to insert an intraocular lens following extraction of the cataract in the functioning filtering operation for glaucoma, is presented.In 69 intraocular lens implant patients, two eyes had a filtering bleb and required the inferior approach to intraocular lens implantation. An improvement of the quality of aphakic vision and normal intraocular tension resulted. Lens implantation was not contraindicated in the patient with a functioning filtering bleb.

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Recently, experimental data on the low-lying excited states of the nuclei in 1f7/2^-region are in the process of being accumulated. In this paper, the following points are discussed :
(1) We can obtain information regarding structure from the odd-mass nuclei.
(2) There are three kinds of nuclear motions in the odd-mass nuclei in low-energy.
(3) There is a characteristic feature in the region where a kind of motion appears.
Furthermore, the third point is discussed from the microscopic view point, what effect explains the spin sequence given by each motion. Finally a phenomenological model is proposed.

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A new type of computer method for displaying the EEG activities was presented. Potential distribution over the surface of the head were printed out on line printers of each frequency band separately as shown on topographic maps. Using this method, the effects of sleep, and dexamethasone on spatial features of the EEG activities in patients with slow wave types of abnormality were reviewed in correlation to the computerized tomographic scan from the functio-anatomical aspects.

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For clinical monitoring drug therapy, saliva is an useful body fluid. However prior to employing saliva for this purpose it is necessary to elucidate the behaviors of drugs in saliva in order to establish adequate methods in detecting drug concentrations. This time the fate of hydralazine (HP) in human saliva was examined. By means of GC and GC/MS, transformation of HP to tetrazolo[5, 1-a] phthalazine (Tetra-P) as a main product in human saliva or in NaNO₂-administered rabbit urine was observed under simulated gastric conditions. In acid free saliva, 3-methyl-s-triazolo[3, 4-a] phthalazine (MTP) and s-triazolo[3, 4-a] phthalazine (Tri-P), both derived from acetylated HP, were the main products after incubation at 37℃. The results show that the amounts of the products-MTP, Tri-P and Tetra-P-depend considerably on pH and incubation time. It also should be noted that hydrazine (HZ), a carcinogen as well as a mutagen, was detected as one of the metabolites of HP in rabbit urine. Reaction course for the formation of Tetra-P in human saliva under simulated gastric condition was also discussed.

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For the purpose of investigating the adaptation to the environmental variation by seasons on patients with spinal cord injury, the basal metabolism was consecutively measured throughout the year. The patients with spinal cord injury indicated a lower rate in general. Those with cervical lesion indicated a significantly lower rate than those with thoraco-lumbar lesion. Furthermore, it is said that a healthy Japanese demonstrates the highest rate In winter and lowest in summer throughout the year, but on the contrary, the patients with cervical lesion indicated the lowest in winter in many cases. On the other hand, patients with thoraco-lumbar lesion, having duration more than one year after injury indicated the highest rate in winter in many cases. These results show that patients with cervical lesion have the problem of adaptation ability in winter even at their chronic stage. As for the results of reaction under exposure to low temperatures, there was no significant increase of metabolism in the patients. The declining degree of temperature of skin and body was greater than in the case of a healthy person. This suggested that adaptation ability as to the metabolism was weak in patients with cord injury. Furthermore, the seasonal variation in plasma free fatty acid which has a significant correlation with basal metabolism and is used as direct fuel against the cold was hardly observed. This is assumed to be somewhat related to the amount of catecholamine release. Also, it should be noted that according to our investigation these spinal patients had worn more clothes in winter for insulation, and those with higher level of lesion had a tendency of wearing heavier clothing.

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Recently, prophylactic chemotherapy by anticancer agents has been atternpted for prevention of choriocarcinoma following removal of hydotidiform mole. There are two methods in the administration of anticancer agents, one is systemic administration, and the other is local administration. The systemic administration has chiefly been used. It is the simplest way as the anticancer agents are poured directly into uterine cavity. However, in this procedure the anticancer agents may flow out of uterine cavity and therefore cannot act for a long duration on the endometriurn. The anticancer agents must be repeatedly administered in order to have effect over a long period of time. If the anticancer agents are slowly released at a definite speed into the uterine cavity, patients may be free of these troublesome managements. Therefore, in this study, the devices of hydrogel prepared by Toray Industries, Inc. Basic Research Laboratories were used for slow releasing. Namely, methotrexate (MTX) was deposited in hydrogel or packed in a capsule of hydrogel. In our basic experiments, these devices were inserted into the uterus of a rabbit and then the uterus was extirpated after 7 days (experiment 1) or 14 days (experiment 2) and histopathological reaction of the endometrium to MTX and hydrogel were observed. No abnormal sign was discovered in macroscopic and histopathologic findings on these endometriums.

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Management of cardiac arrhythmias during surgery is, indeed, an important job for all the anesthesiologists responsible for the general management of the patients. The authors experienced an interesting case in which xylitol (a pentitol) showed a marked anti-arrhyth-mic effect on isorhythmic atrioventricular (A-V) dissociation. The case is introduced here in this brief communication.

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Sulpiride is a benzamide which is not chemically related to any of the psychotropic drugs currently in use in this country. It has hallucinolytic and antidelusional as well as antidepressant effects and therefore has a broad therapeutic spectrum. It is most effective in schizo-affective illness, depressive type. Sulpiride is also indicated for use in paranoid depressive states of adolescents and pre-adolescents, characterized by depression and ideas of reference or persecution. These young patients often manifest school phobia.

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Clinical laboratory tests have two major roles, one in the field of preventive medicine which is part of the continuous health care spectrum the second in clinical medicine. However the utilization of clinical laboratory tests can not be said to be continuous from the aspect of Community health. The difficulty lies in the fact the various fields are not integrated. There are no relationships between the public health and the welfare departments, nor between the AMHTS and the medical care organizations. Thus, screening tests which are designed for determining health care need may result in creating confusion for both community residents and health care delivery organizations. The position and function of clinical laboratory tests from the vantage of community health planning is here discussed.

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The amounts of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)p] in atmospheric environment were measured as an air pollution index. In Japan, there are few studies which observed atmospheric B(a)p concentrations over a long period of decades including the time when the Air Pollution Control Law was enforced in 1967. The seasonal variations of B(a)p amounts in dustfall and suspended particulate matter were observed in the northern part of Kyushu Island, namely, large amounts of B(a)p were detected in winter and small amounts in summer. The maximum amount detected in that area was 121.3 μg/1,000m³ in November, 1967 and gradually decreased to the level of less than 5μg/1,000m³ after the Control Law was passed. The transition of atmospheric B(a)p in Japan in recent decades, the comparison of atmospheric B(a)p between Japan and other countries, the correlation between B(a)p and metals in atmosphere, and retrospective studies on lung cancer death rates and air pollution in the northern part of Kyushu were reviewed.

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Since the introduction of closed chest cardiac compression and its popularization, a marked progress in cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been made. Althought a great number of victims have been saved by its progress, post-resuscitative brain damage (vegetable state) has become one of the socioethical problems which all medical personnel are faced with. In this review, the author has tried to introduce the present patient care after cardiac arrest-mainly relevant to consciousness, and to summarize the current problems regarding pathogenesis of post-ischemic brain hypoxia and its clinical treatment with barbiturates-intravenous anesthetics.

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