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Volume 31 (2009)
- Issue 4 Pages 311-
- Issue 3 Pages 219-
- Issue 2 Pages 131-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Satoru SAEKI, Kenji HACHISUKAArticle type: Original
2009 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 131-142
Published: June 01, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the muscle strength of the lower limbs over time in polio survivors during 5 years of follow-up and to examine the rate of change in their muscle strength, we performed a prospective, longitudinal study of polio survivors (n=63: 61 with postpolio syndrome) living in the community who participated voluntarily. Their isokinetic knee-extensor and knee-flexor muscle strength (peak torque) at angular velocities of 60 and 120deg/sec, using a fixed dynamometer (Biodex) were measured over a 5-year period. At 5-year follow-up, approximately 90% of the subjects had decreased knee extensor strength at both angular velocity of 60 and 120deg/sec: similarly, at both angular velocities, approximately 80% of the subjects had decreased knee flexor strength. The annual average rate of decrease in the peak torque of the knee extensors was significantly greater than that of the flexors at both angular velocities, and the difference in the rates between the extensors and the flexors was marked at the faster angular velocity. The polio survivors had a progressive decrease in lower limb isokinetic muscle strength over time. In addition, the annual rate of decrease of the knee-extensor, the so-called weight bearing muscle, was greater than that of the knee-flexor.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
Robert S MURPHY, Michael D POSTArticle type: Original
2009 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 143-166
Published: June 01, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThrough use of word association as detailed in McCarthy (1990) this paper will explore pedagogic implications derived from the following three points in relation to the lexical development of Japanese learners of English: 1) the ability of word association tests to examine the mental links between words in learners' developing mental lexicon, 2) the importance of phonological similarities for lower level students and 3) the correlation between the results from a word association test with the characteristic types of word association patterns discussed in McCarthy (1990). It will be argued that while lexical development within the mental lexicon is difficult to delineate due to overlap of organizational categories, the patterns of syntactic, semantic and conceptual relations between learned words is apparent within the retrieval process for word association and that additionally, context may play a vital role in how words are construed along the links within the mental lexicon. Pedagogic ideas and future research ideas are detailed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1447K) -
Fumihiko KAMEZAKI, Shinjo SONODA, Shinichiro KOIDE, Yutaka OTSUJIArticle type: Case Report
2009 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 167-172
Published: June 01, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe experienced a case of familial spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) without apparent underlying connective tissue disease. A 30-year-old man was referred to our hospital complaining of slight dyspnea and right chest pain due to recurrent SP. The patient had two episodes of primary SP of the right lung, and received chest tube drainage, pleurodesis and surgical bullectomy. Otherwise, his father and two elder sisters also had relapsed primary SP in spite of recurrent prevention therapies. This transmission pattern of the disease phenotype suggested an autosomal dominant inheritance. There have been improvements in pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures and recurrence prevention therapies, but this familial case still suffers from recurrent SP. This familial case may strongly require a new therapeutic strategy for familial SP.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
Ichiro TORISUArticle type: Review
2009 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 173-179
Published: June 01, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA circle embedded in 3-space without self-intersection is called a knot. A knot is a mathematical object according to topology. Knot theory studies how complicated a given knot is, or whether it is trivial. Any knot can be represented by a diagram with above and below information at the crossings. Then a knot obtained by replacing the information at one crossing is generally another knot. This operation is called a crossing change. A crossing change is an important notion in knot theory. In this article, we survey the strong triviality of knots, which is one of the multi-crossing changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
Yusuke MATSUURA, Toshinori KAWAGOE, Naoyuki TOKI, Toru HACHISUGA, Masa ...Article type: Review
2009 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 181-193
Published: June 01, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDespite the proven effectiveness of cytological uterine cervical cancer screening, the consultation rate for cancer screening in Japan is markedly low in comparison with other developed countries. Although the mortality of this cancer has been steadily decreasing, it has been on the rise in the recent several years. It is evident that human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the occurrence of uterine cervical cancer, and, because of changes in sexual awareness and the diversification of sexual behavior, the increase in the incidence of uterine cervical cancer, especially among young adults, has become a major social problem. There is a false negative rate of about 10% in cytological uterine cervical cancer screening, seen mostly in cervical adenocarcinoma cases. As there is a limit to the effectiveness of cancer screening by cytology alone, there is a movement in Japan to increase the accuracy of cytological screening by using liquid-based cytology (LBC) and adopting HPV testing. There are various problems in cytological cancer screening, but the national and local governments, medical institutions, companies, and educational institutions must have an accurate understanding of the current situation and take an assertive approach in order to decrease the mortality rate of uterine cervical cancer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1166K) -
Ryoji KOZUMAArticle type: Medical Education
2009 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 195-205
Published: June 01, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMedical students are expected to learn not only academic knowledge but also other kinds of behavior, such as ethics, cooperativeness, and communication skills. Clinical clerkship has recently become increasingly important, but there are several problems in the standardized educational system, human resources of medical education, and recognition of the general public. A questionnaire survey was performed concerning clinical clerkship and medical education. A total of 100 responses were received from patients and their families. The results clearly showed that the general public had a lower-than-expected awareness of clinical clerkship (n=24). Some patients and their families expressed anxiety over the students' medical care (n=43). There are some problems of patient safety and the quality of medical care, and personal medical information. However, the remarks of the general public indicated that they desired to participate actively in medical education because they had high expectations of medical students (n=63). It is necessary to promote the understanding of the clinical clerkship among the general public and to share medical education with society, as well as improvement of patient safety education for medical students.View full abstractDownload PDF (1049K) -
Hiroaki KAKOU, Hideo SHITAMA, Yoshiko KIMURA, Yoko NAKAMOTO, Nami FURU ...Article type: Presentation
2009 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 207-218
Published: June 01, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe walking assist robot was developed to improve gait disturbance in patients with severe disabilities. The robot had a trunk supporter, power generator and operating arms which held patient's lower extremities and simulated walking, a control unit, biofeedback system, and a treadmill. We applied the robot-aided gait training to three patients with severe gait disturbance induced by stroke, axonal Guillan-Barré syndrome or spinal cord injury, and the walking assist robot turned out to be effective in improving the gait disturbance.View full abstractDownload PDF (3379K)
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