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Volume 27 (2005)
- Issue 4 Pages 305-
- Issue 3 Pages 227-
- Issue 2 Pages 137-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Derek R SMITH, Peter A LEGGATArticle type: Review
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 137-150
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAustralian occupational health was shaped by various social, political and economic forces during the latter half of the last century. An overall downturn in manufacturing and increased wage restraint during the early 1970s, encouraged trade unions to turn their attention to broader social issues, such as workplace health. Mainstream Australian society was also being influenced by wider community sentiment during this time, including anti-war protests, environmental lobby groups and the women's movement. Interest in occupational health subsequently flourished, with formalised education commencing in the 1970s, and the number of tertiary courses rapidly increasing throughout the 1980s. Occupational health and worker's compensation legislation similarly evolved throughout the latter stages of the twentieth century. Australian workplace health and safety is now based on a theory of self-regulation and managed in a tri-partite model, consisting of employers, trade unions and government departments. In Part 1 of our occupational health review, we outlined the historical development of Australian occupational health between 1788 and 1970. In the current paper, Part 2, we describe the historical development of Australian occupational health between 1970 and 2000.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K) -
Kiyomi TSUJI, Yuichi FUSHIWAKI, Yasuaki MORI, Keiichi ARASHIDANI, Dais ...Article type: Original
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 151-160
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have established a method for simultaneously analyzing termiticides (13 kinds) in indoor air based on collection by combination of quartz filter and C18 Empore extraction disks, and measurement using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The lower limit of determination for each substance was 0.02μg/m3 when 2m3 of air was sampled. The recovery was 66－100%, and the relative standard deviation was 3.7－14.2%. In experiments using a model box with commercial termiticides, we verified that emissions of bis (2, 3, 3, 3-tetrachloropropyl) ether (S421) increased with a rise in temperature from 10℃ to 20℃ to 40℃, whereas almost no etofenprox was released into the air regardless of temperature. In addition, decanal, nonanal and alkanes (C13 and C14), which are major components of termiticides, were detected in relatively high concentrations. In the present study, regardless of low vapor pressure of the termiticides, several compounds were detected with the model box experiment. The conclusion that can be drawn is that it is necessary to survey the indoor environmental pollution.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
Kazumasa OKADA, Uki YAMASHITA, Sadatoshi TSUJIArticle type: Original
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 161-170
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSodium-dependent glutamate transporters of astrocytes have been reported to maintain extracellular concentration of glutamate below toxic level in the central nervous system and to be concerned with neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the effects of inflammatory mediators including prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-1βand IL-6 on Na+-dependent L-glutamate transport of astrocytes were analyzed using primary murine astrocytes. The exposure of astrocytes to PGE2 for 24h elicited a dose-dependent increase of L-glutamate uptake. Neither IL-1β nor IL-6 alone had any effect on L-glutamate uptake. However, IL-1β enhanced the PGE2-induced increase of L-glutamate uptake. IL-6 suppressed the increase of L-glutamate uptake induced by PGE2. Kinetic analysis of L-glutamate uptake showed that PGE2 and PGE2 with IL-1β increased Vmax value with no significant effect on Km value for Na+-dependent L-glutamate uptake. IL-6 suppressed the PGE2-induced Vmax value. These results suggest that IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 modulate glutamate transport of astrocytes and play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS and AD.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
Satoru SAEKI, Hiromi CHISAKA, Kenji HACHISUKAArticle type: Original
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 171-177
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDespite good recovery from a stroke, the quality of life (QOL) of most stroke patients living in the community is not always restored in their acute or recovery phase. Our aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between basic/social functional disabilities and life satisfaction (one of the indicators of QOL) in long-term survivors after a first stroke. Sixty three consecutive outpatients who had received comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation after their first stroke participated in this cross-sectional study. The profile, basic activities of daily living, life style and life satisfaction of these outpatients were evaluated based on their interview. More than half of the subjects had a decrease in life satisfaction. There was mostly weak positive correlation between functional/social disabilities and the life satisfaction, and both age and sex were not predictors of their QOL. Therefore, functional disabilities had a weak impact on QOL in the long-term survivors after the first stroke.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Hirofumi KISHIKAWA, Yosuke OKADA, Kazuko KANDA, Yoshiya TANAKAArticle type: Original
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 179-188
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNateglinide is a novel rapid- and short-acting insulin secretagogue that ameliorates postprandial hyperglycemia by improving insulin secretory dynamics to a near normal level more effectively than sulfonylureas. Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that postprandial hyperglycemia can result in arteriosclerosis, and that advanced arteriosclerosis is present in the initial stage of impaired glucose tolerance. Since postprandial hyperglycemia could be well treated by nateglinide, we examined the background factors of type 2 diabetic patients to determine the optimal indication for nateglinide. Our results indicate that nateglinide is most effective in young and obese patients. Furthermore, fewer responders had microangiopathy or were previously on oral hypoglycemic agents or sulfonylureas compared with non-responders. Although nateglinide is generally indicated for patients with mild HbA1c level, the present findings indicate that the drug was effective in the aforementioned patients regardless of pretreatment HbA1c levels. In one obese patient, nateglinide improved late hyperinsulinemia to near normal secretory dynamics. Our findings suggest that nateglinide is a physiologically preferable and useful drug for early type 2 diabetes without microangiopathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
Seiya TANAKA, Noriko KIKUCHI, Noriko HIRAKAWA, Kazuhito YAMASHITA, Ryo ...Article type: Case Report
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 189-195
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been reported that most patients with untreated tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) die by the time they reach adulthood. We report the case of a 72-year-old female diagnosed by echocardiography and cardiac cathetherization as having TOF and diagnosed at birth with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). During childhood, she was very thin and lacking in physical strength. On first consultation at our hospital, she was suffering from mild dyspnea, classified as NYHA functional class Ⅲ, and her fingers were clubbed and cyanotic. Her PaO2 was 48.0 mmHg under room air, and hypoxia was recognized. An echocardiography and cardiac cathetherization showed a VSD, hypertrophy of the right ventricle, over-riding of the aorta and stenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract with a pressure gradient of 84 mmHg. There was a bidirectional shunt with 24% flow from the left to right and 43% from the right to left ventricle. Her Qp/Qs was 0.75. Surgical treatment was recommended. However, the patient refused, because her symptoms were alleviated with home oxygen therapy. This report shows the prolonged survival of this 72-year-old female with untreated TOF.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Norio MISHIMA, Shinya KUBOTA, Shoji NAGATAArticle type: Report
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 197-208
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solution-focused approach (SFA) developed by Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer at the Brief Family Therapy Center, Milwaukee, USA is classified as brief psychotherapy. We believe that SFA can give an occupational healthcare staff useful tools that will positively influence their relationships with workers, because it focuses on workers'strengths rather than their weaknesses when the staff interviews them using SFA. In this report, we explain the case of a worker who was under stress and was interviewed using SFA. Although the worker came to the interview because of his physical symptoms, he disclosed that he was under considerable stress at work and that his main concern was his relationship with his superior. One of the authors interviewed him using SFA. In the interview the worker discovered his own resources and strengths, and finally defined his goal. In the end, he discovered solutions by himself, and has been doing well in follow-up. We describe this process in detail, and discuss potential applications of SFA in occupational medicine.View full abstractDownload PDF (828K) -
Masahisa HONDA, Hiroyuki SEKI, Keiko ASO, Tadao TANABE, Kiyoshi ARAYA, ...Article type: Original
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 209-217
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the isolation circumstances of multiple-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) in the UOEH hospital and the bacterial analysis of isolated MDRP. From January to October 2003, MDRP was isolated from 2 patients. During this period, the isolation frequency of MDRP was 0.57% (2/350). Case 1 had 2 MDRP isolates from catheter urine, and case 2 had 5 MDRP isolates from pus. Regarding serotype, 2 isolates from case 1 were B type and the other 16 isolates from case 2 were E type. Pyomelanin was produced by 9 isolates of 16E type isolates. The same PFGE patterns were observed in 2 isolates from case 1; that is, 9 pyomelanin producers from case 2 and the other 7 isolates from case 2, respectively. Metallo-β-lactamase was produced by 2 isolates from case 1. blaIMP was detected from the 2 isolates by PCR, and the clones from case 1 were quite different from the clones from case 2. Regarding the pyomelanin producing isolates from case 2, although the clones were the same genetically, the MICs of imipenem and meropenem increased from 8 to>32μg/ml with the progress of time. In the UOEH hospital, 6 patients with MDRP isolates have been isolated so far, but these 6 patients are not correlated with each other. It is important that we detect and report MDRP as early as possible to prevent nosocomial infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K) -
― New Cancer Treatment: Hyperbaric Oxygen May Be Approved for Insurance AdaptationKiyotaka KOHSHIArticle type: Report
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 219-221
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (295K) -
Ichiro YOSHIKAWAArticle type: Report
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 223-224
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (297K) -
University of Occupational and Environmental HealthArticle type: Announcement
2005 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 225-226
Published: June 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (62K)
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