The following characteristics about teaching contents and methods on needlework were found by analyzing sewing textbooks and manuals in elementary schools during the Meiji Era. 1. Teaching contents were of the practical level, and were based on contents to apply to everyday life, and were given serious consideration in teaching. 2. "Unshin" contained "Sunui" and "Chokusennui", and were practiced in step-by-step stages. Sample-making and unsewing of already-made clothing were added to a sewing unit to obtain teaching efficiency. 3. Primary factors that aided teaching contents and method in elementary schools during the Miji Era were on the addition of educational law, a background on life, and one's view of teaching "hand-sewing subject" to function as efficient ladies.

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A study on teachers of elementary, junior and senior high schools in Yamaguchi Prefecture about their ideas of homemaking education was carried out to enrich its contents. The results are as follows: 1. Most teachers recognized their importance of homemaking education. 2. Support of the present homemaking co-education was 62.8% of all the teachers. 3. Important contents learned by homemaking co-education as thought by teachers were the attitude to-ward housework, environmental education, consumer education, the aged and welfare. Teachers did not think of scientific recognition as important. 4. Management and manner were thought as determining factors of co-educational homemaking education.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences of conception between parents and teachers and to give suggestions for developing teaching materials of homemaking education. 1. More than half of parents and teachers interviewed regarded homemaking education as important; teachers showed a higher rate than parents. 2. Both groups supported the current co-educational system of homemaking education; teachers showed more support than parents. 3. "Life orderliness" was emphasized by parents; "attitude toward participation" and "environmental education" was emphasized by teachers. According to students development, teachers considered "consumer education" and "problems living" as important.

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After the course of study revision in 1989, to enrich the contents of the co-educational homemaking education further, we investigated the opinions of parents who had children of school age from elementary to senior high schools in Yamaguchi Prefecture. The results were as follows: 1. About 40% of parents support the co-educational homemaking education consistent through elementary, junior and senior high schools. It is supported more by the parents whose children are senior high school students than parents whose children are elementary or junior high school students. 2. On co-educational homemaking education, parents primarily show that they want to make their children understand social manners and family relationship. Moreover, they want to develop their homemaking skills, attitude to share household chores willingly and ability to solve problems in their present daily lives. Few think about scientific and cultural aspects behind their daily lives. 3. "Life problem and culture" and "daily life" are important factors for co-educational homemaking education. Generally, "Life problem and culture" factor has little effect on parents Whose children are elementary school pupils, and those having only sons, and supporters of the co-educational homemaking education in the lower school stage than the present one (co-educational homemaking education counsistent through elementary, junior and senior high schools). But parents who have only sons, and fathers, are influenced by "science". and parents whose children are elementary school pupils are influenced by "sex education". On the other hand, mothers, and parents who have children of senior high school age, and parents who have daughters and supporters of the part of junior high school and the present co-educational homemaking education, "daily life" factor is alse influenced by household chores.

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We designed a seam measurement system consisting of a VTR and personal computer to evaluate hem stitches numerically, especially the length of a stitch, the distance between one stitch and the next, the distance deviated from the standard line, and the angle of a stitch on the fabric. Among the four items, the evaluation of the length of a stitch on the wrong side were judged on the basis of a standard deviation of the length. Making use of this system, we analyzed a radar chart consisting of these four items of the stitches which were sewn by 28 girls. The results agreed with the subjective evaluation. We confirmed that the seam measurement system is an effective objective evaluation method.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify pupils' recognition, consciousness action toward refuse problem, in relation to their independent ability of life. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Pupils who have more independent ability of life recognized the quantity and distinction of refuse in their homes. 2. The problem of increasing refuse were recognized as "the limit on dumping ground" and "environmental destruction". The factors of increasing refuse were recognized as the pursuit of mental affluence and consumer's behavior in on affluent society. The means to reduction of refuse were pointed out to "reconsiderone's consumption attitude" and to "recycle". 3. Almost half of the pupils did nothing for reduction of refuse. But pupils who have more independent ability of cleaning his/her own room or others showed some action for it. Pupils who do something for reduciton of refuse would continue doing so as well as increase other practices in daily life. Pupils who do nothing for reduction of refuse showed willingness to do it from now on. 4. The results were influenced by school level, living environment, life experience, and learning experience.

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The guide lines and contents of consumer education in Homemaking Education and Social Studies (up to Heisei 5th year) of senior high schools were investigated by analyzing the Course of Study summary and textbooks. The results were as follows: 1. The Course of Study changed under the influence of the National Council on Living Affairs mainly. 2. The content of texts vary in degrees according to the published year.

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A qestionnaire survey was carried out. It made an inquiry to the teachers of Homemaking Education and Social Studies in senior high schools. The results were as follows: 1. Teachers of both subjects regarded that consumer education is an edcational training for the development of ability in decision-making. 2. In Homemaking Education lack of time allocated, and in Social Studies, few opportunities for actual in-servise studies were noted as weakness in the curriculum.

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