The aim of homemaking education is to cultivate ability of home management. Homemaking education is not education of science, but of policy or art. I think, education of clothing schould not be teaching of substance called clothes but teaching of selection and wearing appropriate clothing in living. In order to realize it we need not only art of making but also art of buying or ordering and art of its planning and managing. I fear that education of clothing in which an emphasis is put on making, especially sewing, is apt to become vocational education. Nowadays ready-made and order-made clothes are gereralized. So if we can select them proficiently, we will feel conveniences, even if, we couldn't make clothes. It should be the teaching principle of homemaking education to let pupils investigate what is the most profitable.

抄録全体を表示

According to the "Course of Study" revised in 1958, homemaking education at junior high schools, combined with technical education, constitutes "Gijutsu - katei ka", which is made up chiefly of industrial arts for boys and living arts for girls. Inasmuch as this course is meant for all pupils irrespectively, it must not be given as a vocational education but as a general one. From this point of view, it must be asserted that the aim of this course is not to train pupils as skilful workers in industries or domestic lives, but to make them understand the meaning of arts or technics through their personal experiences. Some people may think that arts or technics are nothing but the way of realizing some ideas or purposes, but their true meaning is an act of man by which he controls his natural or social environment to adapt it to his existence and living. Such act arises from his will to set up a purpose and realize it and is supported by his rational knowledge concerning it. It is by his creative imagination that the will is connected with the knowledge and is led to the act. We cannot miss the help of his skill to the act. Our education of arts and technics as a general education should, therefore, be entirely based on the principle mentioned above, with due consideration taken of the interests and abilities of the pupils concerned.

抄録全体を表示

Home life is thought to be very important in developing personality, especially that of children. As a proof of this it was seen in Germany, after the first world war that children who were in a camp had less mental and physical growth than those in even worse surroundings. Heschel (Vienna) and Ushijima (Japan) conclude that the fact mentioned above is deeply based on the lack of parents' affections. Much consideration should be given to the importance of home life, in the field of Home-making Education; and knowing some details of the relations between children and parents must be one of the requirements. This investigation was done with the aim of obtaining some details of connections between children and parents in different circumstances.

抄録全体を表示

In the paper Part I, analyzing the records of teaching, it was proved that the conventional teaching of Home - making Course was illogical, and in the paper Part II, Home - making Course was characterized as the education of polytechniques through the examination of the contents of this course. In this paper, the fundamental subject of this course--what is taught--is aimed to be practicaly clarified and to get the further approach to this course, by showing the concrete teaching plan of elementary schools. The various problems in teaching "dietary life" were discussed with the teachers of elementary schools, and the curriculum was arranged according to the grade of pupils and the school term. Through the cooperation of the teachers of elementary schools, the teaching plan of "Gohan and Misoshiru" was formed to demonstrate. After this teaching plan was tested, the following matters were clarified. 1. The lesson "Gohan and Misoshiru" is not difficult for 5-year pupils to comprehend. 2. Cooking fresh vegetables without using fire --vegetable salad-- as the first lesson of cooking practice is thought to be useful for training of hand-skill, but inappropriate to the pupils to understand the true home-life. But I couldn't sufficiently convince the elementary teachers of this point. 3. To know the meaning of this act--why do we cook "Gohan" and "Misosoiru"?-- is thought important as the starting point of cultivating the capacity to conduct ourselves in life, and in order to treat cooking "Gohan" and "Misoshiru" in such a sense, the teachers' standpoint should be firstly taken into consideration. 4. Through looking into the true situation of home-life and home-work connected with cooking "Gohan" and "Misoshiru", the scientific attitude to find out law lying under the superficial matters is to be grown up in the process of curriculum of Home-making Course comprehensible for pupils (work and its meaning, scientific attitude, techniques, and the development of home-work) are to be treated preponderantly in each school hour and what is taught is should be confirmed. The elements of curriculum should have a system and consistency in each school hour. (Fig. 2.) And these points should be examined by the more concrete, detailed teaching record.

抄録全体を表示

In the curriculum of homemaking education, the fields of Family relations and Home management must be placed for the backbone of the other field : clothing, cooking, and housing etc.. Homemaking education at secondary school had several changes, and in those courses of study, the contents of Family relations and Home management have not been treated constantly. The auther tried to classify homemaking education at secondary school into three stages according to those courses of study, and made a survey of each textbook based upon those courses of study, to know the ratio of the field of Family relations and Home management in each textbook. The result obtained through the survey is as follows;

抄録全体を表示

There are so many difficulties in teaching Homemaking, if we do not take them off, it will be unable to be found the development of Homemaking Education. Homemaking education is very broad subject of study, in which there are many parts that are not yet studied. I extracted some parts which had no scientific principles from the Homemaking textbooks in elementary, lower and upper secondary school. Among them in elementary school, it was revealed that the parts which had not been studied hold 24.5 percent, and that the original arts which had been regarded to high-class had no complete the theory.

抄録全体を表示

PURPOSES OF THE STUDY As the middle school pupils are growing up speedy, they are unstable mentally and phisically. So that it is desirable to be adequet circumstances on meals regarding to dining atmosphere as well as nutritive adequacy. The purposes of this study were (1) to use the questionnaire techniques to the middle school pupils to explore the reasons of satisfaction or unsatisfaction with home meals, (2) to explore the attitudes of parents and other family members regarding to the meals, and (3) to find the ways of promotion of home and family living education programs in the middle school. PROCEDURE The 445 sheets of the checklists were distributed to the third grade pupils of the middle schools in the Fukui prefecture and 337 were completed by the respondents. The sample was classified by region, occupation of parents, family size and sex for analysis of the data. The chi square technique or the analysis of variance were used to determine the statistical significant differences. CONCLUSIONS 1) The family members tended to dine supper all together than breakfast. The supper time is an important opportunity for the family to have a pleasant circle of smiling faces at home. 2) Training on table manners and teaching on food and nutrition to the children were given by their mothers, mainly. 3) Preparation and other household matters about the meals were participated by girls more than boys. A certain number of pupils responded that the household matters about meals were women's role, and the girls did it not from their own will but asking by family members. 4) About two third of the pupils had been satisfied home meals and dining circumstances; the rest were discontent with no variety of cookery, uncertainty of dinner time and a few topics or no chattering at the table. 5) A paper test was held to evaluate some basic knowledges of pupils on food and nutrition; the average scores between boys and girls were no significant differences.

抄録全体を表示

Lately the technique of preserving food has developed and many kinds of preserved food are on the market, but always using these kinds of preserved food at home is questionable from the point of view of health and the atmosphere of a dining-table. So wanting to get the data of the durability of the food for preservation which can be easily made at home, in the first place I experimented with 'frizzled flakes of burdock' (kinpira -gobo), a time-honored common Japanese dish. If the number of bacteria propagated in one gram of this dish during its preservation is fewer than two hundred thousand (200,000), the change of its quality is not tasted, but as their number comes near three hundred thousand (300,000), its flavour is changed, decreasing fragrance and sweetness. During its preservation bacteria begin to propagate first, and then after some time the propagation of mold is seen. The kinds of bacteria are bacilli and streptobacilli.

抄録全体を表示

There are many kinds of fibres, especially nowadays the advance of chemical fibres, is remarkable. There are different techniques wich various tools for marking on these cloths. So, we have made experiments and considerations on some kinds of cloths which are frequently used. It is suitable to use "kotebera" for ordinary cloths of Japanese Kimono, however, for chemical fibres we must be careful to do so, because of that the chemical fibres will be melted and perished at too high temperature. So it is suitable to use roulette or chalk-paper for chemical fibres of modern clothes.

抄録全体を表示

The apron is utilized not only for the subsidiary clothes in home-working, but for the ornamental clothes. Many kinds of aprons come recently into the market, and housewives or young ladies in cities are mostly using such ready-made aprons. In this research, I studied how the measure of the aprron should be decided. Many aprons of different types were gathered from some groups of housewives and markets, for investigating whether their measure are adequate or not. According to a result of this study, it may be said that the aprons which have the measurements of length and width in proportion of 'golden section' are suitable for the subsidiary clothes with effect the ornamental properties. Most of the ready-made aprons had not the adequate measure.

抄録全体を表示

In order to estimate the extent that retarded children could master clothing, four girls were chosen who had I.Q. values 50〜75. They were taught several single techniques of operating a sewing-machine. They were guided to apply these techniques for making napkin, apron and skirt. The results were as follows. (1) They need more skill in techniques than that of normal children. (2) They can sew with a sewing-machine. (3) They have been the patient persons. (4) There are the problems to apply their sewing abilities to their home life.

抄録全体を表示

This is a part of the investigation made to get some data which will be useful for selecting teaching materials at primary and secondary school. The investigation was made asking 4,945 persons at 912 homes about forms of their dresses used in the past one year, especially about the purpose, the getting and the actual condition for the wearing japanese clothes in Sizuoka prefecture. The result obtained is divided into three parts; (1) The condition of wearing japanese clothes in the present society; according to the age, sex, season, kind, use, wearing times and having number, I found that the rate of wearing them is the lowest among young people between 13 and 18 years old. (2) The way of getting and sewing japanese clothes; I classified them into the following items; home-made, ready-made and order-made. The total results home-made "Hadajuban" and "Wafuku-coats" are using more than ready-made. As for the method of sewing, classified into types; hand-made, machine-made, hand-machine-made. Machine-made "Wafuku" worn in a year are still few, but the use of machine-made and order-made will increase.

抄録全体を表示

Owing to social changes, ordinary hand-sewing has become less important than before, but it is still useful for making clothes and developing deftness of fingers. So far two reports have been submitted, investigating which will be better to use the long or the short needle in giving lessons in ordinary hand-sewing. Report 1. Difference in Sewing skill to be acquired by grade-school boys and girls, using the long or the short needle. Report 2. Difference in proficiency to be attained by junior and senior high girls, using the long or the short needle. The above-stated differences have been found insignificant between the long and the short needle. In the third report junior and senior high girls have been studied. Investigating from the following four points of view how many times in succession they shonld practice for better result; (1) Length of cloth covered (2) Number of stitches (3) Length of stitches (4) Number of irregular stitches as againit that of regular stitches the best result has been regarded as produced by the most effective practice. The best result has been attained by practicing; (a) About two times 3 minutes each, using the short needle. (b) About three times 3 minutes each, using the long needle. It may be remarked incidentally that in the first report both boys and girls, using the long or the short needle, have been observed to attain, under those two heads (1) and (2), more significant results by the second trial than by the first. I have so far studied on the hypothesis that the more significant difference is in frequency of practice, the more effective will be the practice. By the way, I consider that the subject of my study should get more widely ranged than at present. Hence an interim report.

抄録全体を表示

Increasing number of work-together families in urban area nowadays has become one of the serious social problems; appearance of the so-called "key-children" or children going back home with entrance door key only it is. This report is based on a research for 167 pupils of primary and secondary schools in Tokyo (6th and 7th grade). The research had its aim to clarify the life sense and trouble of these children living in such socially new family environment and to find the clue for guiding them. The research reports as its conclusion : (1) It is necessary to encourage familial talks (particularly between mother ahd child) at every subjects. Sharing sufficient time with child every week, mother has to accept and understand what child feels and thinks, and then to grow up his self-judgement ability on things and facts making widen his social vision through task-works to be done by child himself at home. (2) It is important to encourage child's self-support. Mother has to care for his home study environment as well. (3) At last it is indispensable to lead child to put his leisure-time to a good use. Leisure-time activity of children should be creative and wholesome one.

抄録全体を表示