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Volume 51, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Kiwon LIM, Sungpil RYU, Heajung SUH, Kengo ISHIHARA, Tohru FUSHIKI2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have been interested in the ergogenic aid effects of food components and supplements for enhancing endurance exercise performance. For this purpose, acute or chronic (-)-hydroxycitrate (HCA) ingestion might be effective because it promotes utiliza-tion of fatty acid as an energy source. HCA is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP: cit-rate lyase, thereby increasing inhibition of lipogenesis in the body. Many researchers have reported that less body fat accumulation and sustained satiety cause less food intake. After focusing on exercise performance with HCA ingestion, we came up with different results that show positive effects or not. However, our previously reported data showed increased use of fatty acids during moderate intensity exercise. For future research, HCA and co-inges-tion of other supplements, such as carnitine or caffeine, might have greater effect on glyco-gen-sparing than HCA alone.View full abstractDownload PDF (1262K) -
Hye-Kyeong KIM, Sung-Ran KIM, Ji-Yoon AHN, Il-Jin CHO, Chil-Suk YOON, ...2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 8-15
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antioxidative effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was examined by determining lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of the experimental diets-normal diet, vitamin E-deficient control diet, 0.5% CLA vitamin E-deficient diet, or 1.5% CLA vitamin E-deficient diet for 5wk. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TSARS) were increased in the vitamin E-deficient control group, but they were was significantly lowered in the CLA groups. Similarly, hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in the vitamin E-deficient diet and reduced by CLA supplementation. In addition, CLA caused a significant decrease in superoxide dismu-tase activity while having no effect on catalase activity. Analyses of the fatty acid composi-tion revealed that dietary CLA was incorporated into hepatic microsomal membrane dose-dependently. Compared to the vitamin E-deficient control, CLA resulted in significantly higher saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitic and oleic acids) while lowering levels of oxidation-susceptible polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and arachi-donic acids) in both plasma and hepatic membrane. The concentrations of plasma choles-terol and triacylglycerol (TG) were lower in the 1.5% CLA group than in other groups. These results suggest that dietary CLA has antiatherosclerotic and antioxidant activity by increas-ing oxidative stability in plasma and hepatic membrane in the vitamin E-deficient rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (1493K) -
Tomoko OHYAMA, Hirokazu KUBOTA, Yoko HORIKAWA, Koichi MATSUDA, Shigeko ...2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 16-21
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlucose and fructose selection patters of rats were analyzed for 28 d by a 2-choice selection in either Zn-adequate or Zn-deficient status. In this paper, we describe the following serial studies: (1) For the first 24 h, rats fed a Zn-deficient diet preferred a fructose-diet compared with a glucose-diet. On and after the third day, rats fed both Zn-adequate and Zn-deficient diets preferred the glucose-diet. (2) Throughout the experimental period, many of the rats fed a Zn-adequate and Zn-deficient diet continuously selected one diet. (3) Some of the rats fed a Zn-adequate and Zn-deficient diet suddenly changed preference for the glu-cose-diet or the fructose-diet. (4) The sum of daily glucose- and fructose-diet intake in rats fed a Zn-deficient diet showed a characteristic variation with the cyclic period of 3.9±0.4 d.View full abstractDownload PDF (1049K) -
Tomoyuki MISHIMA, Yumiko KATAYAMA, Yoshie TAKAGI, Kenji OZEKI, Takashi ...2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 22-26
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEthyl α-D-glucoside (α-EG) is a peculiar component in sake, a traditional Japa-nese alcoholic beverage. In this study, morphological changes in kidney and effects on urine excretion by α-EG ingestion were investigated. After the rats were fed with pellet diets con-taining 10% or 20% α-EG dietary level, α-EG was detected in urine and urine volume showed significant increase (p<0.05). Kidney weights were increased (p<0.05) and renal tubules were dilated in the rats by α-EG ingestion, whereas there was no detectable histo-pathological damage to renal cells. Plasma uric acid and urea levels were not affected. In conclusion, ingested α-EG was excreted in urine, increasing urine volume. Increase in kid-ney weight related to renal tubule dilation was observed with α-EG ingestion without dete-riorate changes in the renal cells or functions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1554K) -
Sumi SUGIYAMA, Aya HIROTA, Chikako OKADA, Taeko YORITA, Kenji SATO, Ko ...2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study is to clarify the difference in susceptibility to pro-tease digestion by kiwifruit juice between collagen domains under different conditions. In addition, the effect of pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice on collagen in meat during cooking processes was examined. Kiwifruit juice can degrade denatured collagen, but it can not cleave the triple helical domain of collagen. Thus, kiwifruit juice does not have collagenase activity. On the other hand, the cross-linked subunits of acid-soluble collagen were con-verted to monomeric subunits by kiwifruit juice treatment at acidic pH, suggesting that the globular domains, in which cross-links preferentially occur, can be degraded by kiwifruit juice. The pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice significantly decreased the shear force of con-nective tissue in comparison with other pre-treatments without protease activity, but inversely increased the liberation of collagen-related peptides in the outer solution by heat-ing processes at 50 and 70°C or by a shorter heating time at 100°C. This can be explained by the protease-mediated degradation of globular domains. However, this effect was not observed with a prolonged heating period at 100°C, and the liberation of collagen-related peptides by pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice at 100°C was less than that at 70°C for all heating periods. Thus, it can be suggested that the pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice might be useful in meat softening under vacuum-cooking and grilling, but not under stewing.View full abstractDownload PDF (2449K) -
Tatsuya MORIYAMA, Mika MACHIDORI, Sayaka OZASA, Motohiro MAEBUCHI, Rei ...2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 34-39
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoybean (Glycine max L.) storage proteins are composed of two major compo-nents, β-conglycinin and glycinin, corresponding to 75 and 11S globulins, respectively. Recently, soybean β-conglycinin (7S globulin) has been reported to show beneficial func-tions in animals and human. To date, there is no method for the precise quantification of soybean β-conglycinin in processed food products or soybean seeds. We report here a novel method for this purpose. At first, antibodies specifically reactive to the subunits of β-congly-cinin were prepared. And then, a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of soybean, β-conglycinin in processed foods and seeds was developed. In this assay, the sample was treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate sample buffer followed by dilution with phosphate-buffered saline. The diluted samples were poured and coated onto an ELISA plate and reacted with rabbit anti-β-conglycinin antibody and peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit IgG. Finally, the bound peroxidase-labeled antibody was detected by colorimetric reaction. By using this system, it has been possible to measure soybean β-conglycinin con-centrations in several processed food products. In addition, this simple quantification ELISA system was demonstrated to be adaptable for the quantification of β-conglycinin contents of various soybean cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (2162K) -
Mayumi IKEUCHI, Kohji YAMAGUCHI, Tombo NISHIMURA, Kazunaga YAZAWA2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 40-44
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to determine the effects of Anoectochilus formosanus extract (AFE) on endurance capacity in mice. Four wk-old male mice were given either a vehicle (distilled water) or AFE (500, 1, 000mg/kg) through stomach intubations for 4wk. Mice were made to perform swimming exercises with weights attached to their tails corresponding to 10% of their body weight. Endurance capacity was evaluated by swim-ming time to exhaustion. The group treated with 1, 000mg/kg AFE showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in endurance performance time. The mice were made to swim for 15min with loads corresponding to 5% of their body weight. In the 1, 000mg/kg body weight of AFE administration group, blood lactate concentration was significantly lower than in the control group. In the AFE administration group, the plasma non-esterfied fatty acid (NEFA) was significantly increased by swimming exercise. AFE treatment also signifi-cantly decreased fat accumulation. Liver and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen after 15min of swimming remained at significantly higher levels in the mice fed 1, 000mg/kg of AFE as compared to the control group. These results suggest that AFE activated utilization of lipid more than glucose as the energy source for performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K) -
Kazutaka IKEDA, Yoshio SUZUKI, Ikuo YOSHIMURA2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 45-47
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMutagenicity of organically synthesized coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was deter-mined by Ames assay in the presence and absence of S9mix. The tester strains were Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvr A. CoQ10 displayed no mutagenicity in any tester strain at any dose tested. Therefore, organi-cally synthesized CoQ10 was considered to possess no mutagenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
Taro MURAKAMI, Masayuki MATSUO, Ayako SHIMIZU, Yoshiharu SHIMOMURA2005 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 48-50
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBranched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BDK) phosphorylates and inactivates the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the branched-chain amino acid catabolism. BDK has been believed to be bound to the BCKDC. However, recent our studies demonstrated that protein-protein interaction between BDK and BCKDC is one of the factors to regulate BDK activity. Further-more, only the bound form of BDK appears to have its activity. In the present study, we examined effects of BDK inhibitors on the amount of BDK bound to the BCKDC using rat liver extracts. The bound form of BDK in the extracts of liver from low protein diet-fed rats was measured by an immunoprecipitation pull down assay with or without BDK inhibitors. Among the BDK inhibitors, α-ketoisocaproate, a-chloroisocaproate, and α-ketoisovalerate released the BDK from the complex. Furthermore, the releasing effect of these inhibitors on the BDK appeared to depend on their inhibition constants. On the other hand, clofibric acid and thiamine pyrophosphate had no effect on the protein-protein interaction between two enzymes. These results suggest that the dissociation of the BDK from the BCKDC is one of the mechanisms responsible for the action of some inhibitors to BDK.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K)
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