Tsukuba College of Technology (T.C.T.) is a three-years national college for youth with hearing or visual disability. This paper reports that how visual communication support works such as rhythmic presentation, sign language interpreters, key-word presentation and ceiling screen presentation at aerobics lesson.

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Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by use of the fluorescence microscopy with a calcium sensitive dye(FURA-2) in isolated muscle cells of a cricket oval duct. These cells spontaneously contracted in the incubating chamber. Intracellular calcium dynamics was evaluated for the fluorescence images simultaneously represented as cell contraction. It is found that the cell shortening during contraction correlated with the [Ca2+]i rise especially in a tip area of the cell. From this result we confirmed that the calcium inflow at the cell tip firstly induced the sequence of the muscle contraction.

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We studied visualization of emotions using facial thermal images. We constructed pleasure-feeling (P-U) estimation model and arousal-feeling (A-S) estimation mode 1 based on nasal temperature analysis. Then, we attempted emotion-estimation on watching video programs. Four video programs were prepared for 4 subjects. P-U and A-S estimate were analyzed from thermal images, and the vectors were plot ted. Then we observed that FEAR was distributed locally on the two quadrant of the plane. And in the other three cases, LAUGHTER, ANGER and SADNESS, th ere were controlled by P-U or A-S. As the result, P-U and A-S were important parameters for the emotion-estimation.

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Various human movement is obtained from birth until now. The peculiarities of human movement are different from the person's experiences, figures, etc. Because difference among individuals is included also in walking movement, certification by walking movement has been researched. In their researches, motion pictures taken "from the side" have been used.
Therefore, a purpose in this research is using motion pictures taken "from the front" and extraction of the features among individuals by walking movement. Measured points in the legs are chosen. Time series data of the angle or the distance is measured from motion pictures. The difference between maximum value and minimum value of the time series is extracted as the features among individuals. As a result, the features among individuals may appear in "a motion of a toe."

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We have demonstrated an importance of sharing the embodied interaction in communication by using the embodied virtual communication system in which talkers can share the same virtual space through their own avatars called VirtualActors. This present paper proposes a concept of an embodied video com-munication system and develop the system in which a VirtualActor is superimposed on the other's video image. Two remote talkers can communicate through his/her own VirtualActor and the other's video image in virtual face-to-face situation. Sensory evaluation and human interaction analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in communication experiment of comparison with the scene in which a reduced own video image is superimposed on the other talker's video image. The system provides a new transmission of interaction awareness for human communication.

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Three-dimensional computations were carried out using a newly developed two-phase flow analysis code in order to analyze numerically free surface characteristics between water and vapor in narrow fuel channels with rectangular spacer ribs for reduced-moderation light water reactors. Calculations were conducted under isothermal condition. Major calculation parameters are water and vapor velocities at the channel inlet and initial thickness of water on the channel floor. The Liquid film flow behavior around one or two spacer ribs was predicted quantitatively.

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Large-scale numerical predictions on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a fuel bundle of the reduced-moderation light water reactor (RMWR) were performed in order to contribute the thermal design in the RMWR core. Since an analytical geometry is complicated and analysis results become huge, it takes lots of time for quantitative evaluations. Then, to make easy quantitative evaluations on the predicted results such as velocity, temperature, void fraction, etc., the flow visualization program using the software AVS/Express and the coordinates transformation processing was developed. It can reproduce thermal-hydraulic phenomena on a computer visually. By the present study, the numerical observation procedure with the AVS/Express was attained.

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The paper describes the flow visualization at reverse section of annular flow passage. This has relation to the coolant flow at a irradiation vessel of Accelerator Driven System, The fluid was water, which circulates through the visualizing system. The experiment was performed by changing two kinds of perforated plates at bottom section of inner tube and three kinds of bottom shape of outer tube. Results show that perforated plates play a part in flow uniformity and mild shape of the bottom section of outer tube guides smoothly the flow to the inner tube.

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This paper describes the flow visualization of the three-dimensional mixed convection in a horizontal square duct with heated and cooled side walls by dye injection method. The working fluid is water. The flow reversal appears on the bottom wall near the starting point of the heat transfer section. The size of the flow reversal increases with increase of Richardson number Ri(=Gr/Re ² ). Three-dimensional spiral flows are observed along the longitudinal direction of the duct. Also, the fluid flow of the center of the duct approaches to the heated wall.

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In the steam generator of the fast breeder prototype reactor "Monju", heat exchange tubes of helical coil type are utilized. Steam-water two-phase flows in the helical coil tube have unique characteristic due to effects of centrifugal acceleration. In this paper, we visualized gas-liquid two-phase flows in each the helical coil tubes with two curvature radii to investigate the effect of centrifugal acceleration, and also the slug flow in parallel helical coil tubes with same pressure condition at outlet part are visualized.

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It is important to visualize status of distributed processes for the purpose of management of very large-scale distributed computing systems. This paper proposes the architecture for visualization of distributed processes using "Data Jewelry Box II" algorithm, which is suited to visualize seamless time-varying data. This architecture categorizes a set of processes, and creates hierarchical structure to monitor status of processes by applying "Data Jewelry Box II". Our implementation classifies processes into "assigned process" and "unassigned process", and again classifies the assigned processes according to the instances which processes are assigned. Then, our implementation displays whole of distributed processes in one window, because "Data Jewelry Box II" is suited to visualize large-scale hierarchical data in a small display area.

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In a large scale visualization with a wide screen, parallel projection becomes no more acceptable. However, real-time rendering using perspective projection is relatively expensive to support, due to increasing irregularity in memory access patterns. So, we have been investigating a technique which we call Pseudo-Perspective Projection. This method simulates a perspective projection by a collection of multiple parallel projections. In this paper, we have examined the quality of images rendered with the pseudo-perspective projection.

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The effectiveness of the bounding volume method as a useful approach to achieve a real-time frame rate on rendering large volume data is widely accepted. The bounding volume method belongs to the space leaping technique, in which the objects pertaining to the volume data are enclosed within geometry objects of various shapes in order to delimit the range of effective calculation, thus avoiding useless calculation. This method is expected not only to be useful as a preprocessing stage for acceleration of volume rendering by Ray-Casting and Splatting, but also, for volume rendering using Texture-Mapping, which is currently gaining attention. In this report, we describe the positioniong of our proposed boundary-projection technique within the bounding volume method as well as some possible enhancements to support transfer function changing without considerable
performance degradation.

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We present a streaming-based technique of volume rendering which breaks a large volume data into pieces (sub-volumes) so as to maintain volume rendering processing in physical memory in consideration of the available system resources. Each sub-volume is transferred to a rendering PC, which performs hardware accelerated volume rendering and generates a partial image (sub-image). The sub-images are piled up in depth order to complete the final image. In the rendering PC, we have used general-purpose consumer PC graphics cards (Geforce4) to our system as a low cost solution for large-scale volume rendering. Furthermore, in order to improve the rendering quality, we use not a plane slice sampling but an iso-distance surface slice sampling. This technique has been applied to remote visualization of 3-D finite element analysis result of 3-D flow through a lateral saccular aneurysm, and its effectiveness is confirmed.

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In this article, we extend our scheme for topological volume skeletonization to capture the topological skeleton of a 4D volumetric field in terms of critical timing. A cyclic information drilldown framework, termed T-map, is presented, where a wide choice of information visualization techniques are deployed so that the users are allowed to repeatedly squeeze partial spatiotemporal domains of interest until the size of the target 4D volume gets fitted into an available computing storage space, prior to topologically-accentuated visualization of the pinpointed volumetric domains. A case study with datasets from atomic collision research is performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the present framework.

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To find effective solutions to social problems, it is desirable to grasp the structure of the problems. It is recognized that no inter-disciplinary technique has been established att this moment. In this article, we attemptt to build a 3D visual exploration tool to assist the users in grasping the structure of a target. social problem subjectively and thus finding a promising solution. The tool. named "Social Problem Viewer", relies primarily on the Conetrees-based representation of the knowledge obtained from analyzing pastt cases to facilitate their organizing and exhibiting potential solutions to an unknown social problem. Social Problem Viewer is available through the Internet, and suitable for collaborative usage. The feasibility of the present Social Problem Viewer is illustrated with an application to the earthquake disaster prevention problem.

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In this paper, we describe the development, of a 3D video imaging system for an omnidirectional display in which many people can visualize the same image from different viewpoints at the same time. In order to display such images, in a high quality manner, it is necessary to reduce the discontinuity between adjacent patches during the texture mapping process of reconstructed geometrical shape. To overcome this problem, a view-dependent texture mapping has been used. Such method is only effective for a traditional 2D display. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a view-independent, voxel coloring for an omnidirectional display by using multi-viewpoint video images. In this technique, accurate visibility determination is done in order to diminish the influence of specular reflection, which is the main obstacle for viewpoint independence. We used 12 sets of 300 time-varying frames, each set corresponding to a specific viewpoint, to verify the effectiveness of our approach.

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Virtual endoscopy image is the three-dimensional surface image, constructed by multi-sliced CT/MRI image for the inside of tuber organ such as stomach and intestine. The image is very useful for diagnosis and surgical support. However, the information volume is very large, then the manipulation such as dynamic viewing and navigation is relatively difficult under the network environment by internet and so on. We attempt to develop the effective virtual endoscopy system on web.

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Virtual endoscopy image is three-dimensional surface image, constructed by multi-sliced CT/MRI image for the inside of tuber organ such as stomach and intestine. The image is very useful for diagnosis and surgical support. However, information volume is very large, then the manipulation such as dynamic viewing and navigation is relatively difficult under network environment by internet and so on. We attempt to develop effective virtual endoscopy system on web.

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This paper describes a trial of visualizing dynamical systems based on the texture-based rendering by non-linear ray tracing. The non-linear ray tracing is applied to visualizing non-linear phenomena caused by dynamical systems. However, because photo-realistic rendering is not necessarily understandable to analyze dynamical systems, the other visualization techniques should be developed. In this paper, the texture-based rendering is adopted and visualization results by non-linear ray tracing with the texture-based rendering are demonstrated.

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It is known that the dimple number of the golf ball influences on flying characteristics. The purpose of this study is to clarify the flying characteristics for the number of the dimples and the depths of the unrotational ball. The drag and the pressure acting on golf ball of number of dimples and the depths were measured. As a result, it was clarified that the characteristics of drag is related to the separation point and the wake aria. And flow around the golf ball at subcritical and supercritical is visualized by means of the spark tracing method and the oil film method.
In the experiment, diameter of the ball is 42.6mm, the ball which has 104-504 dimples are set on the surface of the ball, and Reynolds number is 4.23×10⁴-1.69×10⁵.
(using wind velocity range 15m/s-60m/s).

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This paper describes the aerodynamics characteristic to surface structure in ball.
This study is a basic research for optimum design of surface structure of the rubber-ball used in baseball. The ball of 7kinds of surface structure such as smooth sphere, ball with the seam, and ball with dimple and seam are used for the experiment. Drag and lift coefficients were measured in uniform flow in the Reynolds number range of 0.5×10⁵-2.3×10⁵, in the angle ran from 0-90° at 10° intervals and ball rotation number of and 0, 1000-3500[rpm] at 250 [rpm] intervals. It is clarified that characteristics of drag concerned with separation from the visualization results by means of spark tracing method.
From these experimental results, the relation between aerodynamic lift and drag for surface structure of the ball were clarified.

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In the neurosurgery of brain tumor, patients' life after surgery crucially depends on completeness of malignant glioma resection. It is, therefore, quite necessary to construct real-time monitoring system of brain tumor. In this study, proposed is the novel optical measurement method of brain tumor demarcation. It has been well known that some phosphorescence luminophor dyes used in PDT can emit fluorescence. In addition, it has been recently reported that auto-fluorescence can be observed even in brain white matter tissue; moreover its intensity locally decreases in tumor region. Using phosphorescence and auto-fluorescence images, Dual Emission Laser-Induced Fluorescence technique was experimentally applied to the brain tumor detection. Consequently, it was confirmed that the contrast between tumor and normal region could be enhanced. Undesirable fluorescence variation, which was dependent on illumination intensity distribution and brain surface shape, could be reduced. The present method was clarified to be effective to brain tumor monitoring and quantitative delimitation.

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Respiration assist for preterm infants by nasal CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) (nCPAP) is one of the important medical treatments. Some devices of nCPAP have been developed, however they give some kinds of installation load to the infants. In order to decrease the load, the down sizing of the devices and the improvement of the installation method are required. A new type device of nCPAP adapting these requirements is proposed in present report. The device operates fluid-dynamically in switching mode of jet flow. The fundamental characteristics in fluid dynamics have been investigated experimentally by flow visualization and quantitative PIV measurement. The stable repetition of switching mode of jet flow in accordance with the pressure fluctuation in the model of the nasal cavity has been obtained by the experiments. The results obtained give useful knowledge for design of the nCPAP device for clinical use.

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For various soft tissues (e.g., liver, breast, etc.), we are developing the ultrasonic strain measurement-based mechanical properties (shear modulus, visco-shear modulus, etc.) reconstruction/imaging technique. To clarify the limitation of our quantitative reconstruction/imaging technique as a diagnostic tool for differentiating malignancies, together with improving the spatial resolution and the dynamic range we are collecting the clinical reconstruction image data. Furthermore, we are applying our technique as a monitoring technique for the effectiveness of chemotherapy (e.g., anticancer drug, ethanol, etc.), cryotherapy, thermal therapy (e.g., micro, and rf electromagnetic wave, HIFU, LASER, etc.). As soft tissues are deformed in 3-D space due to externally situated quasi-static and/or low frequency mechanical sources, multidimensional signal processing improves strain measurement accuracy, and consequently modulus reconstruction accuracy. These have been verified by us through simulations and phantom/animal in vitro experiments. Briefly, here we discuss the limitations of low dimensional signal processing. Moreover, both on differential diagnosis for these human in vivo malignancies and monitoring for the therapies, we exhibit the superiority of our quasi-real time imaging (using conventional US equipment) to conventional B-mode imaging. Our technique is available as a clinical visualization technique both for diagnosis and treatment, and monitored mechanical properties data can also be effectively utilized as the measure for controlling the therapies, i.e., the exposure energy, the foci, the exposure interval, etc. In the near future, suitable combination of various simple and low-invasive therapies with our imaging will open up a new clinical style allowing diagnosis and the subsequently immediate treatment. This must substantially reduce the total medical expenses.

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This paper aims to investigate effects of blood flow on the curved pipe, which emulates the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA). The conventional PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimeter) techniques are used to visualize and analyze these flow characteristics. The experiment is conducted for three cases in order to investigate the effects of the curvature and to compare the results qualitatively.
As a result of measurement, the secondary flow patterns, which are induced by curvature, become asymmetric and unstable relative to a Reynolds number and a curvature in spite of laminar steady inflow condition. Under many circumstances, self-induced oscillation of secondary flow are confirmed and these frequency ranges are from 5Hz to 50Hz. Additionally, in order to visualize oscillation, the high-speed camera is applied to PIV system and time-series vector data is obtained.

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In this study the behavior of droplet formation was observed with used of a high-speed video camera and analyzed by STAR-CD. The objective is to investigate the detailed bifurcation mechanism of liquid bridge and to determine the accuracy of flow rate measurement in the droplet method commonly used in the medical practice. It is also discussed that the outlet velocity distribution and surface tension have various effects on the droplet formation and possibility can control the droplet size.

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In the field of dynamic engineering and biomechanics, the digital video recorder (DVR) is widely applied to visualize human beings using several visual markers on the body surface. IR radiometric systems are mainly applied to detect flaws of dynamic components and etiological causes of human beings. Infrared radiometers are often used to visualize and analyze the moving body as well as their temperature distributions. Quantitative analysis using the IR system was carried out to visualize and motion and temperature of the moving bodies. In this study, the high-speed IR system measures the dynamic and thermal images of the moving bodies using passive and active markers and friction marks of the moving interface boundary. Discrimination limit of measured images by the digital video recorder DVR and IR is quantitatively compared.

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The aim of this study is the evaluation of the fluid dynamic characteristics regarding the blood compatibility of a centrifugal artificial pump developed by Sun Medical Technology Research Corp. Visualized sections were the centrifugal vane, the inducer and the transition regions, and outlet region. 4time-step tracking method and spring model method were used for particle tracking velocimetry. Smooth flow around curved vanes, sufficient shear flow around shaft and steady flow with low shear in the outlet were verified through the present study.

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Air conditioning in a hospital room must be very important to prevent infection. To design the air conditioning system, it is necessary to measure air flow distributions all over the room. The whole flow field measurement, however, is very difficult in a real space such as a hospital room. Air flow distributions are usually measured with some sensors whose measurement points are limited in a large space. It is required, therefore, to estimate an entire flow velocity vector field from limited measured vectors. One promising approach for the estimation is to make an appropriate model of the field by using measured information. In this paper the entire velocity vector distribution is reconstructed using an artificial neural network from the measured data. The concentration distribution in the room is calculated from the estimated velocity vectors and then is compared with the concentration data measured by using smoke.

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Mechanical heart valves (MHVs) are used as the prostheses for the patients with the irreversible heart valve disorder. The cavitation occurs on MHVs, and it could lead to the valve failure and also could damage blood cells. The cavitation bubble collapse causes high pressure and high temperature, then this severe condition brings about the cavitation erosion. The conventional observation method, such as a stroboscope and a highspeed camera, can hardly obtain the information about the cavitation bubble implosion. The researches on ultrasound showed that the collapsing bubbles emit the faint light, which is called sonoluminescence. Therefore, the observation of the faint light from the cavity collapse on a MHV was tried in this study. A highly sensitive CCD camera and a photomultiplier tube were adopted for spatial and temporal analysis of the cavity collapse, respectively. The faint light was captured around the position where the bubbles were observed with a stroboscope. Then the faint light emitted immediately after the disappearance of the bubbles on the photos obtained using a stroboscope. The results show that the observation of the faint light emission would be a powerful tool for the analysis of the flow-induced cavitation.

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A method for measuring the instantaneous shearstress distribution over a solid surface in a fluid flow is studied by using a surface-flow visualization technique with a shear-sensitive liquid-crystal coating. The color response of the liquid-crystal coating is calibrated against the various shearstress magnitudes and directions with an experimental test section of laminar channel flow. The measurement of instantaneous shear-stress distribution is carried out by using two color CCD cameras, which are situated side by side in stereoscopic arrangement. The color to shear stress transformation is conducted by analyzing the hue distribution of the visualized color image with the calibrated relationships between the hues from the two colour CCD cameras and the shearstress magnitude and direction. The usefulness of this technique was demonstrated by the measurement of shear-stress distribution around a circular cylinder over a surface under the decelerating flow condition.

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In the field of biotechnology at present, in order to evaluate the viability of bacteria, colony counting is generally used. However, colony counting requires 10 to 48 hours, so delicate changes with passage of time cannot be measured. In this study, we developed a measurement tool of bacterial motion by applying PIV technique in order to evaluate the viability of bacteria quickly. By this tool, not only translational motion but also rotational motion velocity of bacteria can be measured. So the viability of wild strains with tumbling can be evaluated without mutants.

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Since the lights and radio waves attenuate shortly in water, the underwater acoustics have been utilized for various purposes in ocean survey. Current technologies of ocean measurements by using underwater acoustics are reviewed about the ADCP(acoustic Doppler current profiler) for ocean current measurement, the wave meter for the directional surface waves and the marine acoustic tomography for measurement of horizontal distribution of ocean current and the water temperature.

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A visualization method for the areas with damaged buildings due to earthquakes using aerial images taken from light planes and helicopters was developed, and the application of the method to early damage assessment was discussed. Aerial television images and aerial photographs with a resolution of 10-20cm were examined. The method of detecting the difference between pre- and post-event images is often used in satellite remote sensing after highly accurate registration of images. However, it may be difficult to prepare pre-event images in an emergency response stage. The proposed methods based solely on post-event images can be employed efficiently in emergency management by using the mobility of platforms.

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Limited by the serious natural conditions in polar areas, the sea ice observation is mainly carried out through microwave satellite remote sensing. The observed data, however, are the brightness temperatures, which reflect the emissive features of different types of earth surface. Lots of algorithms have been developed for analyzing these data to estimate sea ice distributions. It is necessary to apply the appreciate algorithm to a certain area, because that the sea ice emissive feature is different regionally, even locally. To address the problem, a system based on commercial GIS software, ArcView, is developed in this study. It includes the most popular algorithms to retrieve sea ice distribution from DMSP SSM/I data. Study area determination and algorithm selection are executed through a visualized interface. Using the system, we evaluated NASA Team algorithm, and suggested the revision proposal.

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The purpose of this investigation is to predict contaminant emission from a automotive tunnel portal by using 2-D flow simulation. In order to simulate flow around moving vehicles in the road tunnel, sliding mesh technique is utilized. The sliding mesh for moving vehicles moves relatively for the fixed mesh for the tunnel and outer region. The amount of the contaminant emission depends on the carrying out quantity by the moving vehicles only without the ventilation effect of the tunnel facilities. In the case of a forward flow ventilation (4m/s), moving vehicles carry out 6.4% of the contaminant gas. On the other hand, in the case of a backward flow ventilation (4m/s), carrying out quantity decreases from 6.4 % to 2% and overall emission is almost zero. It reveals that the massive exhaustion at the exit portal is useful for reducing the contaminant emission.

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Heat island phenomenon, in which city air temperature is higher than that in the rural area, was evaluated by remote sensing techniques. The sensible heat transfer coefficient was determined by an infrared remote sensing observation. To overcome the problem of heterogeneous surface temperature, the IR-image of enough spatial resolution determined the effective surface temperature on urban area. The obtained heat transfer coefficient calculates air temperature change due to the change of buildings structure under the typical summer condition. In the calculation, the mixed layer depth obtained by laser remote sensing observation was used. The city's impact on the local climate was shown to depend on the building structures.

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The multi-channel incoherent doppler lidar is currently developed under Communications Research Laboratory (CRL). This system is designed for the visualization of the stratospheric winds in clear nights. It consists of a stabilized Nd:YAG(SHG) laser, a 75cm collection mirror, Fabry-Perot interferometer and multi-ring photon detector. The preliminary observation was held at Koganei, Tokyo, and the result was compatible with the radiosonde data at Tateno/Hamamatsu between altitude 12km and 24km.

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This paper describes a newly developed the system to detect spilled chemical substances. We had developed the prototype of fluorescence Lidar since 2001. The Lidar system was able to detect fluorescence of substances excited by the third harmonic generator of the YAG laser using CCD camera with gated image intensifier. The laser beam included 355 (third harmonic), 532 (second harmonic) and 1, 064nm (normal wavelength) light. An ICCD camera recorded images of the oil fluorescence that was excited by 355nm light. Both the sea depth and the observing altitude were measured by the reflectance signal of 532 and 1, 064nm beam. Detection system was composed of there detectors.
We developed a new detection system to measure fluorescence of chemical substance with a high accurately, and confirmed the performance from 2002 to 2003. The system was composed of 4 lenses and an ICCD camera. Through lens mounted a different band-pass filter, four kinds of wavelength images were obtained at the same time as one image. The performance was confirmed by the field experiment and shipboard experiment.

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In this paper, FMCW (Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave) radar has been proposed for the underground survey. The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) has high precision of receiving signal level; however, it could not give high resolution. On the other hand, MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm can resolve the super resolution but the precision of receiving signal level is lacking. So, the time domain response of MUSIC processing and IFFT (Inverse FFT) processing has been combined and termed as CPM (Combined Processing Method). The CPM has been implemented for the signal processing and image reconstruction of closely located GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) targets. In order to support the proposal, a detailed simulation has been preformed analyzing SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). Moreover, a laboratory experiment has also been performed for thorough investigation and support of the proposed method.

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