Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
Volume 11, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages Cover6-
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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  • Kohei Sakaguti
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 165-167
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    Last year the author had an opportunity to make a short trip to Tsushima, Nagasaki-ken. Very little is known about the flea-fauna of this island although the other fauna such as mammal-, bird-, and winged insect-, had been fairly well investigated by many authors. Tsushima is located between Kyusyu and Korea. The mammal-fauna had been discussed by Thomas (1908), Kuroda (1920), Kishida (1925) and Tokuda (1941) from the zoogeographical view point. As all the above mammalogists insist, as for the similarities of its fauna among the adjacent lands, it has more elements in Kyushu than in Korea. The present brief report will endorse moreover such interpretation from the side of the parasite-fauna.
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  • Chisato Tsutsumi
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 168-172
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    Even for the past few decades, many cases of disagreeable dermatitis caused by contact with hairy caterpillars have been reported from various parts of this country. These insects are taxonomically well known and their life histories were also made known. However, besides nettling hairs of certain species, only little information is available in regard to the structure and sting mechanism of the larval poison hairs. Being enabled to collect a number of materials, it has recently been confirmed that some caterpillars belonging to Zygaenidae, Arctiidae and Lymantriidae also possess poison hairs of characteristic shape and function, quite similar to those of Artona funeralis Butler, which was reported in my previous paper. This paper deals with the morphology of these poison hairs, together with the dermatitis experimentally caused by them. My sincere thanks are due to Dr. Syoziro Asahina, Chief of the Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, for his valuable advices and kind criticism given during the course of this study. I am also deeply indebted to Mr. Ryonosuke Koyama, Forest Protection Division, Government Forest Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and Dr. Kazuo Saitoh, Biological Institute, Faculty of Literature and Science, Hirosaki University, for the gift of the specimens of Illiberis psychina, Illiberis pruni and Lymantria dispar.
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  • Akira Yamaguchi
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 173-180
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    A series of observations on the life history of Artona funeralis (Butler) was carried out under the condition in the out-door insectarium as well as in the fields about Kyoto during two years. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) Three generations were performed through one year-round, and overwintering was carried out as the pupal stage. 2) Overwintering pupal generation emerged and oviposited during the period from mid May to mid June. 3) First generation performed during the period from late May to mid July, and second generation from mid July to early September. Larvae of third generation reached pupal stage at late October and entered into hibernaton. 4) Larval stage was completed through five instars, and the average duration of larval period in each generation was 30, 28, 40 days for the first, second and the third generation, respectively. 5) Longevity in adult stage was 1-6 days for female, and 1-9 days for male, the mean of which was 3.5, 4.0 days, respectively. 6) The average duration of the period performed in cocoon was 12, 12, 187 days for the first, second and the third generation, respectively. 7) Rate of hatching was 85%, 80%, 80%, that of pupation was 55%, 65%, 58%, and that of emergence was 48%, 56%, 12%, for the first, second and the third generation, respectively. 8) As a rule, adult females copulated after the lapse of one day from emergence and the oviposited usually at the next day of copulation. 9) Cocoons were composed of waxy substance, dark brown in color, ellipsoid in shape, and found usually under or inside of decayed bamboo or tree stems. 10) It was ascertained by a rearing experiment that females oviposited not only on bamboo leaves, but also on leaves of rice plants, and larvae derived from the either case showed no actual difference in development.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 180-
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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  • Kazuki Ogata, Naosaburo Nagai, Norio Koshimizu, Mikio Kato, Akira Wada
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 181-188
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    A release study of the dispersion of the house fly, Musca domestica vicina, and the blow fly, Phaenicia spp. was conducted in the suburbs of Kawasaki city, near Tokyo, during September and October, 1959. The area selected for the purpose is considered to be typical suburbs of Japanese town which consists of farms and scattered residential areas. The flies used for release were obtained by netting wild adult flies at the site selected as the release point. The captured flies were fed for approximately 24 hours on the milk containing the radioactive phosphorus at the rate of 1 mc of radioactive material per 1l milk. The concentration used was confirmed by the laboratory investigation to be satisfactory for this test. Radioactive marked flies were released on the evening, when it become too dark for them to migrate. In order to recover the released flies, fly catch ribbons, fly catch papers and cage traps were used. Traps were set in thiry nine houses (except cage traps in twenty ones) within a area of 1, 000m radius from the release point. Trapped flies were examined for five times during a period of twenty three days after the release, the flies were divided by geiger counter to tagged and untagged ones. During the recovery operation, 28, 435 flies in total, were collected, the majority of them was found to be the house fly (68.6%) and blow fly (20.8%). Of 14, 250 marked house flies and 600 marked blow flies released, 456 (3.2%) and 25 (4.2%) flies were recovered by the traps, respectively. Of 456 radioactive tagged house flies, 347 (76.0%) and 454 (99.4%) were recovered at the release point and within a circle of 100m, respectively. Otherwise, each only one was trapped on the distance of 400 and 500m from the release point. In case of the blow flies, of 25 marked flies, 4 (16.0%) and 24 (96.0%) were recovered at release site and within a circle of 100m, respectively. Only a single fly was trapped on the distance of 700m. Because the density of trap was not the same for each trap-set distance, the number of recovered flies does not rightly represent the pattern of dispersion. Nevertheless, the result above stated would tell a tendency that large number of flies has moved within a circle of 100m from the release point. As shown in Fig.1, there are, adjacent to the release site, paddy field of 250m in width to the north, and a hill range of 20-30m in height to the south. To east and west, however, a high way runs. The fact that the majority of tagged flies recovered in the east and west directions would indicate that the dispersion was influenced strongly by the topographical condition. The daily change of the percent of marked flies recaptured at and near the release point is shown in Table 6. This result indicates that the decrease of recovery percent is abrupt at release site, becoming slowly at the adjacent sites.
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  • Syoziro Asahina
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 188-190
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    Five wrong names of Japanese cockroaches of sanitary importance were corrected. Two misidentified names, "Blatta concinna" and "Blatta orientalis" were dropped from our indigenous species-list. A more detailed discussion of Japanese cockroaches of house-hold importance will be published elsewhere in a future occasion.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 190-
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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  • Yasumasa Ohmori, Susumu Saito, Shigemi Matsui
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 191-193
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    There was a great occurrence of Drosophila virilis after the rainy season of 1960 in the neighborhood of a lumberyard in Niigata City. Great number of flies entered into human dwellings and afflicted the people. We found many larvae and pupae under the bark of Siberian spruce, fir trees, larch and white birch which had been landed and stored in the lumberyard. The distribution and population density of the adults were examined by means of the fly catch ribbon, and the results are summarized in Table 1. Number of flies captured within 200m from the lumberyard is greater than that of flies captured in the distance of more than 200m away from the lumberyard. DDVP (0.3% kerosene solution) and BHC (1.5% powder) were spreaded directly on their habitat and only DDVP was fogged in rooms of human dwellings. The results are summarized in Table 2. The decrease of the adults might be seen in the house where DDVP was fogged. It is difficult to estimate the actual effect of insecticides, however, we have only described hereby the results obtained.
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  • Yoshisato Inoue
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 193-201
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    A trial for the control by means of aerial application of insecticide against caterpillars of the Far Eastern urticating moth, Euproctis flava Bremer, was made at the suburb of Nagoya-city. As the insecticide to be applied 3% γ-BHC dust was tested preliminarily in the laboratory. The BHC dusting by a helicopter Bell-47-G was applied over the habitat of the caterpillars by a ratio of 3kg of the dust to 10 are of the control area. In order to know the quantity of deposit and the spread of applied insecticide dust, and its correlation to toxic effect to pest, some experiments were carried out. For mesuring the deposit of insecticide dust the method of Hatai and Kimura (1954) using a scale has been introduced into this test. The toxic effect of the deposit to pest was evaluated using the caterpillars and adult of laboratry-reared house flies which were confined in a cage and placed at the aerial application field, along with a model test in laboratry. Through these experiments, it was confirmed that a practical value of the deposit and the spread of insecticide dust are obtainable by the condition of application and flight such as, flight-speed, flight-height, application-doses, etc., as shown in table 5. Such deposit was also proved to be effective against the test insects.
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  • Kazuo Yasutomi
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 202-205
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    Octachlorodipropylether (S 421), a synergist for pyrethrins, was examined as a synergist for chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphorus compounds against the larvae of the housefly and of Culex pipiens pallens. When the ratio of octachlorodipropylether to chlorinated hydrocarbon was 0.2 to 1 or 1 to 1, it showed a marked synergistic action with DDT, γ-BHC and dieldrin against the resistant mosquito larvae. It also activated γ-BHC against both resistant and susceptible housefly larvae. A similar but smaller synergistic effect was found for organophosphorus compounds when it applied against the resistant populations.
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  • Hiroshi Ozaki, Takashi Mitsui, Hiroaki Kumano
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 206-210
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The comparative KT-50 values of DDVP 0.5%, pyrethrin 0.1%, diazinon 0.5%, lindane 0.5%, tech. DDT 5.0%, dieldrin 0.5%, and chlordane 0.5% (W/V) kerosene solutions were estimated in spray method and contact method against adults of the housefly, Musca vicina Macquart, and the German cockroach, Blattella germanica Linne. The quick knockdown effects of chemicals detected from KT-50 values were demonstrated in the following order : 1) Against housefly in spray method : DDVP≒pyrethrin>tech. DDT>diazinon>lindane>dieldrin>chlordane 2) Against German cockroach in spray method : pyrethrin>DDVP>lindane>tech. DDT>diazinon>dieldrin>chlordane 3) Against housefly in contact method : DDVP>pyrethrin>diazinon>lindane>dieldrin>chlordane>tech. DDT 4) Against German cockroach in contact method : DDVP≒lindane>diazinon>pyrethrin≒dieldrin>chlordane>tech. DDT The more effective chemicals against housefly than against German cockroach followed in the order : 1) In spray method : tech. DDT>DDVP>diazinon≒dieldrin>lindane>chlordane>pyethrin 2) In contact method : pyrethrin>DDVP>dieldrin≒chlordane>tech. DDT>diazinon>lindane The chemicals showed the remakable difference between in spray method and in contact method were 1) Against housefly : a) Chemicals more effective in spray method; pyrethrin, tech. DDT b) Chemicals more effective in contact method; chlordane, dieldrin 2) Against German cockroach : a) Chemicals more effective in spray method; phrethrin, tech. DDT
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  • Akira Wada, Mikio Kato, Takeshi Suzuki
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 210-215
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The field tests to estimate the residual effect of diazinon emulsion on larvae of the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens, were carried out in ditches in Kawasaki City in the period from Sept. 1 to Sept. 25, 1960. Half ppm to the volume of water of diazinon was sprayed in ditches and the effect on mosquito larvae was estimated daily till 6 to 10 days after the application. The results were summarized as follows : After the application, mosquito eggs decreased in minimum numbers after 2 to 3 days, reincreased gradually, and after 6 days recovered nearly to the level before the application. In most cases, number of larvae decreased in minimum 1 day after the application and that of pupae after 2 days. Average period from the application to the reappearance of 1st and 2nd instar larvae was 4.2 days, that of 3rd and 4th instar larvae was 7.1 days and that of pupae was 8.6 days. Therefore the authors were led to the conclusion that the real residual effect of diazinon was almost none or 2 or 3 days at most and that the application of once a week was necessary for the practical control of the larvae.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 215-
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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  • Yasuhiro Osada, Hiroshi Tanaka, Kinsaku Sato, Hikokichi Naruke
    Article type: Article
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 216-217
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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    The three species of rats, the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the roof rat (R. rattus) and the Japan house mouse (Mus musculus), are the most common species in houses in Japan. But, in the cities, R. nor. and R. r. are the dominant species and Mus. m. has been rarely found in the building. Recently, an apartment house group was found in the suburbs of Tokyo, in which Mus. sp. was the dominant species in-and out-doors and the ecological studies on the mice were made in this apartment. Collection of mice and rats using snap and alive-traps for three days was made in some buildings and in the field of the site. Six mice (3 females, 3 males) were captured in some households and a female Norway rat was also found in the field. According to the questioning and observations on the mouse injuries, mice were widely distributed over the apartment. Usually, their entrances into the building were small, 10 to 20mm in width, and some improvements may be necessary to prevent their invasion.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1960 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 218-219
    Published: December 25, 1960
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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