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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
Cover2-
Published: March 15, 1994
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Shigeo KITAOKA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
1-6
Published: March 15, 1994
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Three new species of Japanese Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) are described and illustrated. Those are F. (L.) moriokensis sp. n., F. (L.) matsumurai sp. n. and F. (L.) nasuensis sp. n.
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Ichiro MIYAGI, Takako TOMA, Naoko ZAYASU, Yukiko TAKASHITA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
7-11
Published: March 15, 1994
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Susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae from seven islands (Okinawajima, Agunijima, Miyakojima, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, Yonagunijima and Minamidaitojima), Okinawa Prefecture, to eleven insecticides was tested in 1989. The LC_<50> values of malathion (and resistance ratio as compared with a susceptible strain of Ogasawara Is.) in these strains were high, ranging from 0.111ppm (resistance ratio : 7.4) in the Ishigakijima strain to 1.838ppm (122.5) in the Miyakojima strain. These strains were, however, susceptible to the other ten insecticides, viz. p, p'-DDT, seven organophosphates, propoxur (a carbamate) and permethrin (a pyrethroid).
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
12-
Published: March 15, 1994
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Satoshi SHINONAGA, Mitsuhiro IWASA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
13-16
Published: March 15, 1994
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Two new species of the genus Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, namely H. kumagera n. sp. and H. azuminensis n. sp. are described and illustrated. The new species, H. kumagera n. sp. was bred from the nest of Dryocopus martius (Japanese name : Kumagera).
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Hideyuki MITSUI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
17-23
Published: March 15, 1994
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Flies emerging from six kinds of breeding media, namely, fresh bananas, mixed vegetables, fermented oil cake, fermented fowl droppings, dog feces and minced pork were investigated in the urban and suburban areas of Tokyo from March to October, 1992. As a result of the survey, 51 species belonging to 12 families were obtained throughout the period. It was confirmed that there are distinct differences among the 6 kinds of breeding media and the bred species. The flies obtained were separated into 6 groups and 18 subgroups according to the breeding medium. The flies which emerged from bananas belonged mainly to Drosophilidae. They were also bred from mixed vegetables, however, the species composition was different from that of the banana-bred flies. Two species of drosophilid flies, Drosophila coracina and D. rufa, were bred from fermented oil cake and fermented fowl droppings in addition to mixed vegetables. They also breed from fungi in natural environment. It is supposed that the feeding range of those species is wide and adaptable to various breeding media, and their breeding habits are spread from fungivorous to saprophytophagous. Lasiomma meadei, Paralimosina japonica and Anthomyia illocata bred from feces or droppings in the urban habitat. These three species were dominant in this survey. On the contrary, Musca domestica and Fannia canicularis which are the most hygienically important species were not obtained from any of the breeding media. The flies which bred from oil cake consisted of 9 families and 27 species, namely, coprophagous and saprophagous species. Judging from the results, the oil cake is a very important breeding medium, because it is used as fertilizer in kitchen gardens or floriculture. The dominant species which bred from minced pork was Parasarcophaga similis.
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Mamoru WATANABE, Ryo ARAKAWA, Yasuhiro SHINAGAWA, Takao OKAZAWA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
25-31
Published: March 15, 1994
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From 1988 through 1992 we studied the overwintering number of brown-marmorated stink bugs (Halyomorpha mista), at Unazuki Spa Town in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, where the overwintering flight of Halyomorpha mista has been observed every year. The flight of H. mista to the wall surface of buildings starts usually at the end of September and reaches a peak around the 3rd week of October. The coming-fly of bugs ceases at the end of November. The flight of stink bugs started in the daytime when the maximum temperature reached nearly 25℃ after overnight minimum temperature of about 15℃; the maximum number of bugs was recorded on an autumn day after the minimum temperature fell below 10℃. Regarding the slit traps which were set on the building roofs, more bugs were attracted to the slit traps which faced riverside than to those which faced the mountains. The natural wood-color board (coated with clear lacquer) attracted more bugs than boards painted in black or white. The bugs attached to the slit traps were observed 1 or 2 weeks after the onset of their flying to the wall surface of buildings.
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Xingfu XIAN
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
33-36
Published: March 15, 1994
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The effect of male sterilant α-chlorohydrin, microencapsulated with polystyrene, nylon 6-10,calcium alginate wall material, on bait acceptance by wild male norway rats was researched along with its antifertility effect. Compared with the basal diet, rat appetite diminished by 80% with 1% dose of non-encapsulated α-chlorohydrin, while with 2% dose the bait was rejected. But with microencapsulated α-chlorohydrin, bait acceptance was fairly good at 2% dose, particularly with calcium alginate wall material. In this case, the amount eaten was nearly equivalent to 75% of the amount eaten in the basal diet. After the treatment, the rats were paired with nontreated females for 60 days. The females paired with males which had taken α-chlorohydrin did not reproduce while non-treated pairs reproduced twice during the period. The results suggest that microencapsulation of α-chlorohydrin promotes bait acceptance and also has an antifertility effect on male rats.
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Teruki KADOSAKA, Mamoru FUJIWARA, Eisaku KIMURA, Kiyotoshi KANEKO
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
37-42
Published: March 15, 1994
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Leptotrombidium akamushi (♀) and L. deliense (♂) produced the F_1 generation (F_<1ad>), from which the F_2 generation (F_<2ad>) was successfully obtained. This indicates a close genetical relationship between the two species. L. akamushi (♀) and L. fletcheri (♂) also produced the hybrids (F_<1af>), but no F_2 eggs were obtained. Hybridization between L. deliense and L. fletcheri was not successful, indicating their independency as species. The arrangement of setae was observed and standard scutal measurements were taken in these 3 species and the hybrids. The hybrids showed the same setal arrangement as their parents in F_<1ad> and F_<2ad>, or an intermediate pattern in F_<1af>. The scutal measurements showed that the F_<1ad> shared characteristics of the parents and that F_<1af> and F_<2ad> were very similar to L. deliense.
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Kenichi URABE, Kiyoaki NAKAZAWA, Yasutaka SEKIJIMA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
43-51
Published: March 15, 1994
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Detection of specific antigens in the extracts of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (abbr. Ct) was attempted, with the aim of determining natural predators of Ct by an immunological method through electrosyneresis (ES method). According to the ES method, both antisera prepared against the extracts of the 4th-instar larvae and adults of Ct caused precipitation with immunogen upto 2,048 fold dilution. These antisera contained antibodies cross-reactive to the extracts of the larvae and adults of Anopheles sinensis (abbr. As). Anti-Ct antisera after absorption by As extracts showed no cross-reactivity to As extract nor to the extracts of 22 species of arthropods inhabiting rice fields. Absorbed anti-Ct antisera reacted only with the extracts of larvae and adults of Ct, and immunoelectrophoresis with these antisera detected multiple specific antigenic components. By the ES method with absorbed anti-Ct antisera, the body constituents of Ct were detected from the nymphs of Pantala flavescens (Odonata : Libellulidae), the larvae of Hydaticus sp. (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae) and Hydrochara sp. (Coleoptera : Hydrophilidae) 24hr after feeding on a single 4th-instar larva of Ct and from the adults of Lycosa pseudoannulata (Araneae : Lycosidae) and Tetragnatha vermiformis (Araneae : Tetragnathidae) 24hr after feeding on a single adult female of Ct.
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Seiki ISHIGOOKA, Tatsuya ABE, Kentaro YOSHIMURA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
53-56
Published: March 15, 1994
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A nonlethal strain of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was separated from chiggers, Leptotrombidium pallidum. Experimental infection with a nonlethal strain, as well as with a lethal strain, induced protection against the lethal strain of rickettsia (Gilliam) in mice. Serum antibody titer was not augmented by the challenge infection in any case. Antibodies are probably less important in protection against the challenged rickettsiae.
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Mitsuhiro IWASA, Nalini JAYASEKERA
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
57-62
Published: March 15, 1994
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Twelve species belonging to five genera of Sepsidae including a new species, Dicranosepsis prominula, and four newly recorded species are described and recorded from Sri Lanka. An identification key to the genera and species of Sri Lanka is given.
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Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
63-69
Published: March 15, 1994
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To examine the effect of the photoperiod on the host-seeking activity and development of I. nipponensis, the larvae and nymphs were exposed to three photoperiodic conditions (10L-14D, 12L-12D and 16L-8D) at 25℃. The host-seeking activity of unfed larvae was slightly suppressed by exposure to short-day photoperiods (10L-14D or 12L-12D) during the stages from eggs to unfed larvae. The host-seeking activity of unfed nymphs was strongly suppressed by exposure to short-day photoperiod during the stages from engorged larvae to unfed nymphs. The development of engorged larvae was little affected by the photoperiodic conditions before, during and after engorgement, although some of them entered diapause (lack of molting on 50 days after detachment) when they were reared at 10L-14D before, during and after engorgement. However, the developmental period of engorged nymphs was prolonged by exposure to short-day photoperiod. Diapause (lack of molting on 60 days after engorgement) occurred in engorged nymphs from the 10L or 12L groups reared at 10L-14D or 12L-12D during and after engorgement. Engorged nymphs from the 16L group did not enter diapause irrespective of the photoperiodic condition during and after engorgement. The diapause of unfed nymphs synchronizes nymphal activity with the favourable seasons of spring to summer. However, the diapause of the engorged nymphs has no effect on the activity of I. nipponensis because the nymphs disappear in the short days of autumn.
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Tsunemaru OKADOME
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
71-73
Published: March 15, 1994
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A new species, Heleomyza iwasai n. sp., is described and illustrated from Hokkaido, Japan, occurring in "Blakiston's Fish Owl" nest [Aves]. A key to two known species is also given.
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Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI, Mikako TAMASHIRO
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
75-78
Published: March 15, 1994
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The susceptibility of Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. boninensis in Ogasawara Is. to eleven insecticides was tested in 1990. For Ae. albopictus, the LC_<50> value of p, p'-DDT was 0.037ppm, malathion 0.107ppm, fenitrothion 0.013ppm, propoxur 2.831ppm, and permethrin 0.0096ppm. For Cx. quinquefasciatus, the LC_<50> values of p, p'-DDT was 1.201ppm, malathion 0.071ppm, fenitrothion 0.014ppm, propoxur 1.617ppm, and permethrin 0.016ppm. For Cx. boninensis, an endemic species of Ogasawara Is., the LC_<50> value of p, p'-DDT was 0.012ppm, malathion 0.021ppm, fenitrothion 0.0096ppm, propoxur 0.6221ppm, and permethrin 0.0054ppm. Culex boninensis is susceptible to all the insecticides tested and the LC_<50> values of nearly all the insecticides were lower than those for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus.
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Kenji MIYAMOTO, Minoru NAKAO
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
79-81
Published: March 15, 1994
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Katsumi SAITO, Akihiro KANAYAMA, Kiichi UEMOTO
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
83-88
Published: March 15, 1994
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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Kyoto Prefecture were investigated from collections of larvae and pupae stages of blackflies from streams and adults flying around the collection sites in 49 localities in August 1987. A total number of 4,612 blackflies, 3,852 larvae, 751 pupae and 9 adults, was collected at 42 sites. Those blackflies were classified into one genus and 17 species but one of them was unidentified. Two species, Simulium (Simulium) quinquestriatum and S. (Gnus) daisense were newly recorded from Kyoto Prefecture. The predominant species was S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (18.9% in total number), followed by S. (G.) bidentatum (15.9%), S. (S.) japonicum (14.8%) and S. (S.) quinquestriatum (11.2%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai, followed by S. (G.) bidentatum, S. (Gomphostilbia) shogakii and S. (S.) arakawae.
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Ryo HATSUSHIKA, Kaoru MIYOSHI
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
89-91
Published: March 15, 1994
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Five tick bite cases (a 58-year-old man, a 85-year-old woman, a 54-year-old woman, a 74-year-old woman and a 68-year-old woman) from Okayama Prefecture are additionally reported. The causative tick species were identified as Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899 (nymph and adult female, Cases 1 and 5), Haemaphysalis flava Neumann, 1897 (adult female, Cases 2 and 4) and Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka and Saito, 1967 (adult female, Case 3) based on morphology of capitulum, coxae, internal spurs, spiracular plates and genital aperture. The tick bites were thought to have been occurred in hilly areas in Cases 1 and 3,in a vegetable garden and on a grassy plain in Cases 2 and 5,the place of bite acquisition could not be traced in Case 4. The present report covers the 14th to 18th cases of hard tick infestation in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.
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Yasumasa TONGU
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
93-96
Published: March 15, 1994
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A questionnaire was carried out to investigate the spread of head louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) among kindergarteners and schoolchildren in Okayama City in 1992. Thirty-one percent of the institutions had lice-infected children. A total of 591 children (1%), 90% of whom were girls was infected with head lice. Children in the lower grades of elementary schools showed the highest infection rate. The head lice were prevalent in Okayama all year around, particularly in June and November.
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Haruo SHIMAMURA, Seiichi HORI, Hitomi NAGANO, Shinichi MATSUNAGA, Fumi ...
Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
97-100
Published: March 15, 1994
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Insecticidal activity of the feces excreted from hydramethylnon bait-fed cockroaches was evaluated in three species and four strains of cockroaches indigenous to Japan. Cockroaches used for the test were the Yoken, Ohsaka, Shibuya and Toshima strains of Blattela germanica, Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa. Hydramethylnon-contained bait, male adult cockroaches, water and harborage were placed in plastic cups. Three or 4 days later when all the male cockroaches had died, the dead insects and hydramethylnon-contained bait were removed, and the feces were left in the cups. Then 1-2 instar nymphs, male and female adult cockroaches and untreated rat food were placed in each cup. As a control group, food was placed instead of hydramethylnon-contained bait, i. e., male adult cockroaches, untreated rat food, water and harborage were placed in plastic cups. Corrected cumulative mortality for each test group was calculated by the Abott method and compared with the cumulative mortality of control group. Corrected cumulative mortality of the Yoken strain of B. germanica for the experimental period of 18 days were 82.5% for adult males, 65.0% for adult females and 48.6% for 1-2 instar nymphs. Among the other field-captured strains, corrected cumulative mortality for adult females in the Shibuya strain, 1-2 instar nymphs in both the Ohsaka and Toshima strains were higher than that for the corresponding stage and/or sex in the Yoken strain. Corrected cumulative mortality of P. americana for the experimental period of 29 days were 78.7% for adult males, 7.6% for adult females and 70.9% for 1-2 instar nymphs. Corrected cumulative mortality of P. fuliginosa for the experimental period of 29 days were 23.4% for adult males, 50.0% for adult females and 76.7% for 1-2 instar nymphs. Although the mortality for adult females P. americana was low, our results demonstrated that hydramethylnon has a secondary kill effect for B. germanica, P. americana and P. fuliginosa through the feces excreted by hydramethylnon-fed cockroaches.
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Article type: Appendix
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
101-102
Published: March 15, 1994
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Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages
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Published: March 15, 1994
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