Medical Entomology and Zoology

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.Cover14

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Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius)(Diptera : Calliphoridae) development : Rate, variation and the implications for forensic entomology

Jeffrey D. WELLS, Hiromu KURAHASHI

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 303-309
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.303_1

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The development of the Oriental latrine fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), was examined at 27℃ in order to resolve discrepancies in previous reports. Various developmental events were completed by all larvae by the following ages : egg hatch, 18hr; first molt, 30hr; second molt, 72hr; pupariation, 144hr; adult emergence, 234hr. Differing descriptions of C. megacephala development appear to reflect variation in the length of the postfeeding period, during which time larvae may be particularly sensitive to environmental conditions. By sampling entire age cohorts, we were able to construct confidence bands about growth curves based on body length and dry weight. This allows the first measure of precision for estimates of larval age based on laboratory growth data.

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Anti-invading methods against the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha mista, in houses

Mamoru WATANABE, Ryo ARAKAWA, Yasuhiro SHINAGAWA, Takao OKAZAWA

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 311-317
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.311_1

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From 1988 to 1993,we studied anti-invading methods against the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha mista, in houses at several locations in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, where a great number of the bugs in overwintering flight has been observed every year. The "slit-trap" was proved to be effective as an attractant for the bugs. When several traps were set around a building, the number of invading bugs into the building apparently decreased. The application of concentrated cyphenothrin and the laying of a cyphenothrin-treated polyethylene sheet to window-frames were also effective to prevent the invasion of the bugs. These preventive measures were almost 100% effective in reinforced concrete buildings such as modern hotels, whereas the number of invading bugs to wooden houses only slightly decreased. Covering wooden houses with cyphenothrin-treated nets was effective to prevent the invasion of the bugs. The application of repellent (Deet) to window-frames was also effective.

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TriDyn : A simulation model of the dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus populations

Wei Dong GU

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 319-326
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.319

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In this study a simulation model of the population dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (TriDyn) was developed using the dynamic life table approach. The model took account of the density dependent effects on larval mortalities. A density independent factor reflecting the seasonal variation of survival rates of immatures and females as well as fecundity of females is described using a sinusoid function. The simulation demonstrated the significant role of the density dependent effect in the dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus populations, suggesting that the bimodal and fluctuating population dynamics observed in light trap samples in Shanghai may have resulted from an overcompensation of density dependent processes.

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The life history of Calliphora nigribarbis Vollenhoven in Mt. Hachijo-Fuji, Hachijo Island

Hiromu KURAHASHI, Senji KAWAI, Chieko SHUDO, Yoshito WADA

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 327-332
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.327

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Field study in Hachijo Island, Tokyo, showed Calliphora nigribarbis Vollenhoven was short-day univoltine insect whose development continued for 6 months (December to May). Adults appeared from November to June in towns (alt. 50m) and from October to July in the montane moss forests of Mt. Hachijo-Fuji (alt. 850m). The number of flies at the upland gradually increased during February to April and then decreased. After the rainy season in June, no adults were trapped throughout summer in both lowlands and uplands. No developing stages were also observed from June to November in both habitats. The first appearance of aged males and females in moss forests in October, suggests that adults aestivate there. After aestivation some females migrate from uplands to lowlands for spawning eggs. The lowland population emerged in spring migrates to uplands for aestivation. This up- and down seasonal migration was confirmed by the release and recapture of marked flies in the field experiment made during the same period. Adults seem to escape from lowlands in order to maintain diapause.

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Comparison of the cold hardiness of Ixodes nipponensis and I. persulcatus (Acari : Ixodidae) in relation to the distribution patterns of both species in the Chichibu Mountains

Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 333-339
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.333

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In order to compare the cold hardiness of the two ticks, I. nipponensis and I. persulcatus, the survival of each stage of both species was observed at 25℃ after exposure to low temperatures (4,-2,and -5℃) for 10-50 days. Both in I. nipponensis and in I. persulcatus, the egg hatchability was low (0-62.3%) when the eggs were exposed to 4 or -2℃ for 10-50 days. None of the unfed larvae of either species died with exposure to -2℃ for 10 days. After exposure to -2℃ for 30-50 days or -5℃ for 10-50 days, however, the survival rate of the unfed larvae became lower in I. nipponensis than in I. persulcatus. The molting percentage of engorged larvae of both species was high (76.7-93.3%) when they were exposed to 4℃ for 10-50 days. After exposure to -2℃ for 20-50 days or -5℃ for 20-30 days, however, the molting percentage of engorged I. nipponensis larvae became lower than that of engorged I. persulcatus ones. The survival rate of unfed nymphs of both species was high (72.1-100%) even after exposure to -5℃ for 10-50 days. The engorged nymphs of both species successfully molted (61.9-100%) with exposure to 4 or -2℃ for 10-50 days. After exposure to -5℃ for 10-30 days, however, engorged I. nipponensis nymphs were more seriously impaired than the engorged I. persulcatus nymphs. The high tolerance of I. persulcatus to low temperatures explains why this tick can survive in the upper montane to subalpine zones of the Chichibu Mountains. However, the reasons why the distribution of I. nipponensis is limited in the lower montane zone can not be fully explained by the present results because of the high tolerance of the unfed nymphs to low temperatures.

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Multiple regression analysis of effect of housing conditions on the prevalence of domestic mites in wooden houses in Nagoya, Japan

Ikuko SAKAKI, Chiharu SUTO

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 341-351
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.341

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Mite surveys were conducted in living rooms and bedrooms of 21 wooden houses in and around Nagoya City, from September 1983 to June 1984 at about 3-month intervals. Multiple regression analysis was applied to elucidate the influence of housing conditions on the prevalence of mites. The results revealed that the annual mean densities of Dermatophagoides farinae and the total mites were positively correlated with the number of rooms and type of flooring and inversely with family size. The estimated densities of these mites showed good agreement with the observed densities. While no significant factor was detected for the densities of D. pteronyssinus and Cheyletidae, major factors detected for the prevalence of Haplochthonius simplex and Tarsonemidae were the number of rooms, family size, and air conditioning; for the latter mites, type of bedding was also a factor. Major factors for Glycyphagidae were family size, working housewife, age of house and type of heater. Factors for Cosmochthonius reticulatus were the number of rooms, working housewife, age of house and house-cleaning frequency. For Acaridae, family size, working housewife and type of flooring were factors. The number of mite species had positive correlation with the number of rooms and working housewife, and negative correlation with house-cleaning frequency and type of flooring, whereas Simpson's indexes of diversity were negatively correlated with the number of rooms, house-cleaning frequency, and type of flooring. These results indicated that both the number of rooms and family size were the most important factors associated with the prevalence of domestic mites in wooden houses, followed by type of flooring, working housewife, house-cleaning frequency, etc. The difference in the prevalence was considered to be mostly due to the interrelationship between the biological characteristics of mites, especially their humidity requirements and the degree of dampness in houses largely influenced by household activities and dwelling spaces.

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The joint toxic action of pyrethroids against the adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche)

Yoshihiro ONO, Yoshiaki KOBAYASHI, Fukuo YAMASHITA, Takayoshi OKANO, K ...

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 353-357
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.353

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To evaluate the joint toxic action of two pyrethroids, d-allethrin was mixed with one of five pyrethroids : permethrin, phenothrin, d-resmethrin, cyphenothrin and prallethrin. Five mixtures each containing two pyrethroids were tested against the cat flea by the film contact method. In analyzing the results, the graphical analysis by the alternative method proposed by Sakai et al. (1951) and the co-toxicity coefficient of the mixture as defined by Sun and Johnson (1960) were fitted to the experimental data. Out of the five combinations, the mixtures of d-allethrin and phenothrin showed high synergistic action. The mixtures of d-allethrin and cyphenothrin, and d-allethrin and permethrin followed. Two mixtures, d-allethrin and d-resmethrin and, d-allethrin and prallethrin, exhibited only low synergism.

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Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera : Simuliidae) : 24. Fauna of the blackflies in Nagasaki Prefecture in winter

Katsumi SAITO, Akihiro KANAYAMA

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 359-364
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.359

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Nagasaki Prefecture were investigated from collections of larval and pupal stages of blackflies from streams in 30 localities in February 1993. A total number of 5,025 blackflies, 4,377 larvae (87.1%) and 648 pupae (12.9%) were collected at 30 sites. Those blackflies were classified into one genus and 13 species but one of them was unidentified. Three species, Simulium (Nevermannia) subcostatum, S. (E.) sp. H and S. (Simulium) suzukii were newly recorded from Nagasaki Prefecture. The predominant species was S. (S.) arakawae (44.6% in total number), followed by S. (N.) uchidai (28.6%), S. (Odagmia) aokii (11.8%) and S. (Gnus) bidentatum (7.3%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (26 sites), followed by S. (S.) arakawae (21 sites), S. (Gn.) bidentatum (12 sites) and S. (S.) japonicum (8 sites). The species most widely distributed from lowland to highland areas were S. (N.) uchidai, followed by S. (S.) arakawae, S. (Gn.) bidentatum, S. (S.) japonicum, S. (O.) aokii and S. (S.) rufibasis.

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Distributional records of the cockroaches from Kakeroma Island

Atsushi KATO

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 365-366
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.365

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Six species of the cockroaches are recorded from Kakeroma Island, the Amami Group, Japan. Five of them, Episymploce amamiensis Asahina, Blattella lituricollis (Walker), Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linne), Opisthoplatia orientalis (Burmeister) and Trichoblatta pygmaea (Karny) are recorded for the first time from Kakeroma Island.

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Resting height of ixodid ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann on vegetation

Keiji MORI, Masato FUJIMAGARI

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 367-371
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.367

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To determine the resting height of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann on vegetation, we collected ticks on vegetation along a mountain path in the southern part of Chiba Prefecture and measured the vertical height (VH) and the length from the root (LR) of resting positions on the plants. The mean VH and LR, respectively, were 51.7 and 46.9cm in nymphs, 38.4 and 41.3cm in adults, and 35.0 and 39.1cm in larvae. In this area, the values of VH and LR in larvae were larger than those reported in other areas, and adults were found at a lower height. This is probably ascribable to their main host being deer, Cervus nippon Temminck, in this area. The difference in VH and LR was small because more ticks were collected from the vegetation on a flat place than on slopes along the mountain path. The plants on which we found ticks belonged to 12 species, but there were no favored plants for resting of the ticks.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 1-3
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.1_3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 4-7
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.4

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages i-
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.i_3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1994 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
Published: December 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.45.Cover16

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