Covering from the southernmost area of Kyushu and whole the Ryukyu islands there is found a wild cockroach, Blattella lituricollis (Walker) which is sometimes mistaken as the German cockroach. So far verified by myself the distribution of this insect ranges : South Kyushu (Cape Sata, Satsuma Peninsula), Tanegashima, Yakushima, Nakanoshima, Akusekisima, Amamioshima, Okino-erabujima, Tokunoshima, Okinawa (Honto), Miyakojima, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, Yonagunijima, Iwojima (Sulfur Islands) and Taiwan. Blattella lituricollis was first described from Amoy, then it has been recorded from South and Central China (Fukien, Szechuan), Taiwan, Philippines, Hawaii Islands, Burma (Bl. bisignata), Greater Sunda Islands, Lesser Sunda Islands. Princis (1957) revised these local materials and recognized the following subspecies : A. Blattella lituricollis lituricollis (Walker, 1868) China (Amoy, Fukien, Szechuan), Taiwan, Philippines, Hawaii Islands. B. Blattella lituricollis bisignata (B. v. W., 1893) Burma (Bhamo, Mytkina), India (Madras)? Seychelles? C. Blattella lituricollis sundaica Princis, 1957 Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Nias, Engano. D. Blattella lituricollis meridionalis Princis, 1957 Sumba Islands, Timol, Celebes? The Japanese and Ryukyu materials fall within the category of the nominate subspecies. They are found, throughout the year, on the ground surface rather gregariously, hiding themselves under debris on the coastal and cultivated lands, often abundant around human houses, and supposed to invade the kitchens in tropical countries. In our insectarium, kept under 29℃, a life cycle needs about two months. While examining a series of the specimens of supposed lituricollis from Thailand I found there are two different forms, one is quite identical with the typical lituricollis (Fig. 15, 16) while the other slightly larger in size being the wing length 11 mm, and is, in the males, clearly different in abdominal and genital features (Fig. 17, 18, 19). The character of the subgenital plate rather allies to that of Bl. lituricollis bisignata rearranged by Princis (1957). As the wing length of "bisignata" was given as 11mm by Br. von Wattenwyl and from the adjacency of the locality of his "bisignata" I am now inclined to think that the larger form from Thailand represents an independent species which might bear the specific name, Blattella bisignata Brunner von Wattenwyl."

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It was already reported that flies tend to emerge out from any animal fecal materials. In this investigation, the fly fauna at the inside and outside of dwelling houses was observed, using fly catch ribbons, from May 1962 to April 1963. The data was collected from eight farms keeping a few live-stocks and two non-farms in Hino-machi, Tokyo. The results were summarized as follows : Thirty-two families of flies consisting of Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and others, were observed during the period of observation. The total of the flies was 49, 176 individuals, of these Muscid flies were ranked first, amounting to 14, 446 individuals. The majority of the fly species showed the peak of the prevalence at early summer, from June to July. Only Musca domestica showed two peaks, viz., May and December. A considerable difference of fly number was observed depending on the collecting site. In general, inside the dwelling houses Musca domestica and Fannia canicularis were abandant, while outside the dwellings Stomoxys calcitrans, Sciarids, Milichiids, Scatopsids and the other small-sized flies were frequent. There was a wide difference of the number of flies collected inside each dwelling houses. A large number of flies were collected naturally in the farms keeping live-stock, as well as an ordinary non-farming house, if it was located adjacent to a live-stock barn or a manure shed.

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