Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 47, Issue 4
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.Cover14
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Measurement of indoor airborne mite and cockroach allergens with immunoassay and its application
    Masahiro SAKAGUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 307-316
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.307
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    We measured major mite and cockroarch allergens in indoor environment with immunoassay using allergen-specific antibody. It is impossible to count airborne particles microscopically in some airborne allergens derived from mites, cockroarches, cats, and laboratory animals, which can only be detected with immunoassay. Other advantages of the assay are that it is much easier to be standardized and allergen contents can be expressed in absolute units. The major issues discussed in this review are : (1) levels of major allergens in houses, (2) evaluation of countermeasures for reducing exposure to airborne allergens, and (3) particle sizes of airborne allergens.
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  • Two new species of Chironomidae collected in winter on the shore of Lake Biwa, Honshu, Japan
    Manabu SASA, Machiko NISHINO
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 317-322
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.317
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    Daytime collections of adult chironomids resting on the shore and those floating on the water surface were carried out on February 8,1995,on a day in the coldest winter season of a year under the atmospheric temperature of about 8℃. A total of 76 adult male specimens were collected, and 60 among them were Biwatendipes motoharui Tokunaga, 3 were Biwatendipes biwamosaicus sp. nov., 5 were Hydrobaenus biwaquartus Sasa et Kawai, 1 was Hydrobaenus biwagrandis sp. nov., 1 was Orthocladius biwaniger Sasa et Kawai, 3 were Smittia aterrima (Meigen), 3 were Smittia nudipennis (Goetghebuer). The new species Biwatendipes biwamosaicus sp. nov. is quite unusual in the structure, the apical scales of tibiae and the hypopygium of males are characteristic of Biwatendipes, but the structure of head is similar to that of females, and wings are extremely wide.
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  • Self-made smoke formulae for an exophagic Anopheles farauti in the malaria control program in Solomon Islands
    Toshiaki IKESHOJI, Takao KISHIMOTO, Barnard BAKOTEE
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 323-329
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.323
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    A persistent DDT residual spray in the past made Anopheles farauti, a major vector of malaria in Solomon Islands, exophagic and early evening biting. To cope with these adverse behaviors of mosquitos, we tested a series of self-made inexpensive smoke formulae for the entomological and epidemiological effectiveness. Mosquito candles, saw dust of 0.4% d-allethrin packed in empty beer cans, repelled 75% of mosquito bites at Tenaru Mala of 127 population in Guadalcanal. Mosquito bars, the similarly treated saw dust molded in a bar shape with tapioca starch, reduced PCD malaria incidence ratios of bar users to non-users from 0.39-0.65 to 0.06-0.14 at Gibert Camp of 914 population in Honiara. Fortified mosquito coils of 0.4% d-allethrin also reduced malaria prevalence of 450 students from 32.7% to 8.8% at the dorms of Ruavatu Secondary School. Nightly lighting of the coils kept the new malaria incidences lower than the recovery rates. These inexpensive smoke formulae could provide an effective antimalaria measure for exophagic and pre-bednet time biting mosquitos in supplement of mosquito nets.
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  • Effects and usages of permethrin-treated mosquito nets in the malaria control program in Honiara and the environs
    Toshiaki IKESHOJI, Barnard BAKOTEE
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 331-337
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.331
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    A total of 11,373 permethrin-treated mosquito nets was distributed to 64 villages from October 1993 to February 1996 in Honiara (an estimated population of 64,000), Solomon Islands, where other control measures had been implemented. As the result, the malaria incidence by passive case detection (PCD) dropped to 44.4% from a peak of 1,087/1,000 in 1993 to 605 in 1995,and is projected to drop to 182 in the end of 1996. A population cross-sectional distribution of 2,000 (Olyset)^[○!R]nets (permethrin-pretreated) to pregnant women dropped the number of monthly infected babies from 110 to 54,and the ratio of low-birth-weight babies below 2.1kg from 4.2% to 1.9% in 2 months. The distribution of Olyset nets to the 15 Guadalcanal villages also dropped the monthly number of PCD incidence from 120 to 58 for a period of 10 months. An interview survey showed only 50% of Honiarans had mosquito nets, 91% complied with them, washed them 1.45 times a year without retreatment, and an owner of 0.8-1.0 net was infected less with malaria. Complete net coverage and retreatment were urged for further effects.
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  • Seasonal occurrence of larval trombiculid mites and distribution of Leptotrombidium scutellare in residential area and farmland in Kagoshima Prefecture
    Shinichi NODA, Susumu YAMAMOTO, Kimito UCHIKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 339-346
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.339
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    The seasonal occurrence of unfed larvae of trombiculid mites was surveyed in four fixed areas using Tullgren funnel method from June 1994 to May 1995. Eleven trombiculid species were collected from soil samples : Leptotrombidium scutellare, L. kuroshio, L. pallidum, L. kitasatoi, L. fuji, L. kansai, Neoschoengastia shiraii, Walchia ogatai, W. koshikiensis, Gahrliepia saduski and Doloisia sp., with L. scutellare, L. pallidum, and L. fuji being dominant species. L. scutellare occurred from October to February with a sharp peak in October and November. L. pallidum occurred from August to May with a broad peak in October to March. L. fuji occurred from October to April. As to the summer trombiculid fauna, L. pallidum was included among 7 constituent trombiculids, but L. scutellare was not. Consequently, tsutsugamushi disease is probably transmitted by L. scutellare and L. pallidum in late autumn and early winter, and by L. pallidum in other seasons. L. scutellare larvae were collected from grasslands, groves, gardens of the housing lots and farmlands mainly with a black cloth.
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  • The genus Desmometopa Loew (Diptera, Milichiidae) of Japan
    Mitsuhiro IWASA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 347-353
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.347
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    The Japanese species of the genus Desmometopa Loew are revised. Of three known species from Japan, two species reported as D. tarsalis Loew and D. tristicula Hendel are proven to be D. microps Lamb and D. sordida Fallen, respectively. Two species, D. m-nigrum (Zetterstedt) and D. varipalpis Malloch are newly recorded from Japan. Short redescriptions of five species are added with illustrations of head, pleuron and male genitalia. A key to the Japanese species is presented.
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  • Development of Anopheles sinensis immatures (Diptera : Culicidae) in the field : effects of temperature and nutrition
    Motoyoshi MOGI, Takao OKAZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 355-362
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.355
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    Development of Anopheles sinensis larvae and pupae was studied in net cages floated in rice fields or a swamp from March through November in Saga, southwest Japan. Food supply shortened larval durations, indicating that nutrition was suboptimal in the field condition. The development threshold and thermal constant for larvae were ca. 10℃ and 164 day-degrees, respectively, and those for pupae ca. 6℃ and 38 day-degrees. Proportions of instar durations to the whole larval duration were independent from temperature and nutrition. Empirical equations were given for estimating temperatures at the water surface (microhabitat of anopheline immatures) in rice fields from air temperatures.
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  • Movement of adult German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) from an occupied harbourage shelter to a vacant new shelter : 1. The influence of population density
    Tomoya TAKAHASHI, Hideakira TSUJI, Minako OGIWARA, Masayoshi HATSUKADE
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 363-369
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.363
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    Movement of adult German cockroaches from an occupied harbour-age shelter to a vacant new shelter was studied. A shelter (5×5×0.5cm) occupied and conditioned by cockroaches and a vacant new shelter were placed together in one test container (13×22×7cm), and the change in cockroach distribution was observed. The number of cockroaches moving to the new shelter increased depending on the population density. When a barrier plate with a passage opening of 10×5mm was set between the two shelters, many females occasionally stayed in the old shelter even under high population density. These results suggested that females did not move so easily to the new shelter as males did.
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  • A human case of cat flea larva found in external auditory meatus
    Eitaro HORI, Masaki TAJIMA, Mihoko KIKUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 371-373
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.371
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    A human case of cat flea larva found at the external auditory meatus of a 68 year old woman, was reported. The patient complained of an agonizing pain on the right ear. A larva taken out from the right external auditory meatus was identified as cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis.
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  • Effect of repeated removal in a survey of the seasonal activity of Ixodes ovatus adults (Acari : Ixodidae) by the flagging method
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 375-377
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.375
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    The effect of repeated removal in a survey of the seasonal activity of Ixodes ovatus adults by flagging vegetation was determined by the use of the mark-recapture method. I. ovatus adults showed high activity on vegetation during the period from April to mid-July, 1996. However, the activity abruptly decreased from late July and was hardly discernible in late August. The proportions of ticks recaptured increased with progressive survey dates except for those in late May, mid-June, and mid-August. On the final survey date in late August, all the captured ticks were marked ones. These results suggest that the duration and abundance of the seasonal activity of I. ovatus adults are influenced by repeated removal.
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  • Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera : Simuliidae) : 32. Fauna of the blackflies in Gifu Prefecture in summer
    Katsumi SAITO, Akihiro KANAYAMA, Kiichi UEMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 379-386
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.379
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Gifu Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and of adults flying around the collectors at 111 sites in summer of 1994. A total of 18,481 blackflies, 16,576 larvae (89.7% in total number), 1,896 pupae (10.3%) and 9 adults (0.05%), were collected at 103 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 23 species of the genus Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Three species, Simulium (Nevermannia) fontinale Radzivilovskaya 1948,S.(Gnus) sp. and S. sp. Y were newly recorded from Gifu Prefecture and the former was recorded for the first time from Japan. The most abundant species was S.(Simulium) kawamurae (26.6% in total number), followed by S.(S.) japonicum (23.3%), S.(Odagmia) aokii (13.6%), S.(Gnus) bidentatum (12.5%), S.(S.) suzukii (7.7%) and S.(N.) uchidai (6.1%). The most widely distributed species was S.(S.) japonicum (50 sites), followed by S.(N.) uchidai (49 sites), S.(O.) aokii (47 sites), S.(Gn.) bidentatum (46 sites), S.(S.) suzukii (46 sites), S.(S.) kawamurae (32 sites) and S.(Gomphostilbia) shogakii (29 sites).
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 387-
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.387_1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 387-
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.387_2
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 388-
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.388
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 393-395
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.393
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 396-398
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.396
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1996 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
    Published: December 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.47.Cover16
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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