Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
Volume 43, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages Cover6-
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Tetsushi KIKUCHI, Masaharu KAMEI, Shinya OKUBO, Masayuki YASUNO
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 65-70
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of Altosid 10F (10% methoprene slow-release formulation) and organophosphorus insecticides (dichlorvos 2%+fenthion 3%) on non-target aquatic organisms were evaluated in both the field and the laboratory. The aquatic non-target organisms of Syrphidae, Asellus hilgendorfii (Crustacea), Cloeon dipterum (mayfly), Chironomidae, and Hermetia illucens survived in urban drains after treatment with Altosid 10F (1ppm methoprene). On the other hand, treatment with 2.7ppm emulsion of dichlorvos 2%+fenthion 3% greatly decreased the population of these non-target aquatic organisms in drains. The toxicity of methoprene and some insecticides against Physa fontinalis (Mollusca) and A. hilgendorfii, which cohabit urban drains, was assessed in the laboratory. Significant difference in the toxicity against P. fontinalis was found between methoprene and the other insecticides tested : 48hr LC_<50> values were 1.9ppm for fenitrothion and dichlorvos, 2.5ppm for diazinon, but 10.6ppm for methoprene. Meanwhile, the 48hr LC_<50> values of fenitrothion, dichlorvos, diazinon, methoprene and fenthion to the young nymphs of A. hilgendorfii were 0.018,0.035,0.25,0.3 and 0.65ppm, respectively.
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  • Satoshi SENBO, Seietsu AKI, Hitoshi KAWADA, Takaaki ITO, Yasuo ABE
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 71-76
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When the smoke particles of mosquito coil containing dl, d-T80-allethrin as an active ingredient were observed using the scanning microscope, the diameter of the particles trapped at 3 and 30cm above the burning point of the coil were less than 0.2μm and 0.4 to 1.0μm, respectively. From the observation of the particles using X-ray microanalyzer, where the active ingredient was permethrin, it was revealed that the active ingredient existed on or in the particles. Therefore, it can be considered that the smoke particles played an important role to distribute the active ingredient in air. On the other hand, the knockdown efficacy of the coil containing allethrin against Culex mosquitoes decreased with increase of the smoke density. Since the existence rate of allethrin on the larger smoke particles became larger with the smoke density, the smoke of the coil might be deterrent factor in reducing the knockdown efficacy of the coil against the mosquitoes.
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  • Kenichi OGAWA
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 77-80
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The swarming males of Rheotanytarsus kyotoensis were caught by sound traps in the field. The swarms were formed at 0.3-2.5m above the water surface of a river. More than 97% of R. kyotoensis caught from the swarm were males. The swarming males were mainly caught by the sound traps emitting the sound of frequencies between 180 and 300Hz during the experimental period from October to December. However, the most attractive frequency changed to ca. 11Hz/℃ between 8.8 and 18.2℃. Moreover, the swarming males responded to a narrow range of sound frequency at an ambient air temperature.
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  • Minoru BABA
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 81-88
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Egg period and larval growth of Simulium kawamurae Matsumura were examined in the laboratory. Eighty-seven out of 96 wild caught gravid females (90.6%) laid eggs successfully in the laboratory. In total, 49.8% of the eggs developed and hatched. Median developmental period of eggs was 10.5,7.5,4.5,4.5 and 3.5 days from oviposition to hatch at 10,14,18,22 and 26±1℃, respectively. Larvae were reared with a stir-bar system, and pupation occurred 39-44 days (14℃) and 29-50 days (18℃) after hatch. Pupal periods were 5.5 days at 14℃ and 4-4.5 days at 18℃. There was no difference in preimaginal periods between sexes. Nine larval instars were recognized from postgenal length frequency distribution of larval exuviae. Five generations per year were expected in wild population based on the daily cumulative temperature for a life span of the species and annual temperature regime in the habitat.
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  • Yoshio TSUDA, Masahiro TAKAGI, Yoshito WADA
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 89-93
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Growth patterns of Aedes albopictus populations were investigated for 10 weeks under four environmental conditions in the laboratory. The environmental conditions of populations differed in two environmental factors, the interval of blood feeding (1 or 3 weeks) and the amount of larval food (25 or 12.5mg/week). Changes in larval and adult density, size of pupae and number of adults produced in each environment were examined. The pattern of larval population growth was different between populations with different blood feeding intervals, but the larval populations under different larval food conditions showed the similar pattern of growth. When a blood source was supplied weekly, the population achieved a higher density level of larvae and adults and the larval population showed weekly fluctuations. The sizes of female pupae were different under rich and poor larval food conditions, but no differences were observed in the size of pupae between populations with different intervals of blood feeding. The response of the population productivity to the different environmental conditions was analyzed and the interdependence between the two environmental factors was discussed.
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  • Koichiro KAWAI, Kenichi SAKAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 95-103
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cross-reactivities of murine IgE-inducing hemoglobins (Hbs) among chironomid larvae belonging to various taxa were examined by PK type skin tests on the rats. Mouse IgE antibodies to a dimeric Hb component (DVI) of Chironomus yoshimatsui (CY), belonging to tribe Chironomini of subfamily Chironominae, reacted to dimeric Hb components from species of tribe Tanytarsini of Chironominae and subfamily Orthocladiinae as well as those of several genera of Chironomini. Similarly, IgE antibodies to a monomeric Hb component (MV) of Polypedilum nubifer (PNf) of Chironomini even reacted to a monomeric Hb of a species of subfamily Tanypodinae, distantly related to Chironomini, in addition to those of genera of Chironomini, Tanytarsini and Orthocladiinae. In contrast, IgE antibodies to a monomeric Hb component (MI) of CY reacted only to monomeric Hbs from some species of Chironomus and a species of Camptochironomus, closely related to Chironomus. Therefore, Hbs such as CY-DVI and PNf-MV are a promising candidate as a screening agent of chironomid hypersensitivity, while Hbs such as CY-MI can be used for estimation of the sensitizing species for a particular patient.
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  • Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 105-112
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The oviposition, development and survival of the two Ixodes species, I. persulcatus and I. nipponensis, were observed at 16 to 35℃ and ca. 100% RH. The preoviposition periods of I. persulcatus and I. nipponensis were prolonged with decreasing temperatures ranging from 16 to 30℃. The preoviposition period of I. persulcatus was shorter at low and middle temperatures (16 to 25℃) than that of I. nipponensis. The critical low temperature for oviposition of I. persulcatus was 2.9℃, which was lower than that (5.6℃) of I. nipponensis. The egg hatchability of I. nipponensis was high at 16 to 32℃, but that of I. persulcatus was markedly reduced at a high temperature (32℃). The incubation period of eggs of I. persulcatus was considerably shorter at a low temperature (16℃) than that of I. nipponensis. The critical low temperatures for hatching of eggs of I. persulcatus and I. nipponensis were 2.2 and 7.4℃, respectively. Engorged larvae and nymphs of I. nipponensis molted at all temperatures from 16 to 35℃, whereas those of I. persulcatus did not molt at a high temperature (35℃). The developmental periods of engorged larvae and nymphs of I. persulcatus were markedly shorter at a low (16℃), when compared with those of I. nipponensis. The critical low temperatures for molting of engorged larvae and nymphs of I. persulcatus were -2.7 and 6.0℃, respectively, while those of respective stages of I. nipponensis were 9.6 and 13.5℃. These results suggest that I. persulcatus is adapted to cooler conditions than I. nipponensis.
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  • Takeshi KURIHARA, Tetsushi KIKUCHI, Kazue YAMAOKA
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 113-116
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Using a cage-test method, reduction and restoration of behavioral activity of Plasmodium-infected Anopheles stephensi was demonstrated. Reduction in the ability to pass through a net barrier and the rate of blood-feeding during the period oocysts are present was notable. However, net passage and bait-feeding activities in sporozoite-infected mosquitoes following disappearance of the oocyst were entirely restored.
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  • Etsuro SUGIYAMA, Satoru TAKATSUKI, Makoto TANAKA
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 117-120
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated statistically the cases of 85 patients with scabies who admitted to the outpatient clinic of the Dermatological Division, Shizuoka Red Cross Hospital, from 1981 to 1990. Of 85 patients 58 were male, the male-female ratio was 2.1 : 1. The teenager was the dominant age group. As to the seasonal change the number of patients was larger in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. The number of patients was maximum in November and minimum in June. Mites or eggs were found from 32(43%) out of 75 patients who received microscopic examination. About the half number of patients consulted us for the first time after 1 to 3 months duration of the illness. Mites or eggs were found easily in cases of more than 7 months duration of the illness. Intrafamilial transmission was found to be the main cause of scabies. The ratio of the scabies patients to all new patients from 1981 to 1990 was 0.247% in our hospital. This ratio was the smallest among the data of other dermatological clinics in Japan. The main reason was probably that the patients with scabies were not concentrated in our hospital, because there were many dermatological clinics in Shizuoka City.
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  • Masakazu TAKAHASHI, Toshio SHONO, Toshiyuki UMEHARA
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 121-123
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Control efficacy of a pyridazinone derivative, NC-194,which is under development as a potent agricultural insecticide was evaluated against three kinds of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, by the medium mixing method. NC-194 is very effective against Dermatophagoides mites and suppressed more than 90% of the population growth of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus at a concentration of 25ppm during 4 weeks. The chemical showed 95.4% suppression of the population growth against T. putrescentiae at the dose of 50ppm 2 weeks after the treatment.
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  • Ryo HATSUSHIKA, Kaoru MIYOSHI
    Article type: Article
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 125-127
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From July 1984 to October 1990,the mite faunas were studied in the house-dust from the residences of 61 patients (17 males and 44 females) with suspected acarine dermatitis. The human infestation of mites occurred most frequently in June to November every year. The highest incidence was observed in females (65.6%) between teens and fifties. Eighteen species in 10 families were found in 47 (77.0%) out of 61 cases, and dominant species were Dermatophagoides farinae (49.2%), D. pteronyssinus (29.5%), Haplochthonius simplex (26.2%), Chelacaropsis moorei (23.0%), Cosmochthonius reticulatus (19.7%), and others. In 25 cases (41.0%), 5 biting mite families such as Cheyletidae (20 cases), Laelapidae (6 cases), Dermanyssidae (4 cases), Ornithonyssus bacoti (2 cases) and Pyemotidae (1 case) were found.
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  • Article type: Cover
    1992 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages Cover8-
    Published: June 15, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (86K)
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