Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 49, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • Human cases of infestation with hard tick, Ixodes ovatus (Acarina : Ixodidae) in Japan : A bibliographical review
    Ryo HATSUSHIKA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 1-13
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.1_1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper reviews significant literature on human cases of infestation with hard tick, Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899 occurred in Japan during the period 1952 to 1997. The relevant literature revealed that a total of 216 patients (90 male, 114 female and 12,sex unknown) had been reported upto August 1997. Furthermore, 12 more unexplained cases were found in the literature. The pertinent data on each patient of the 216 cases were briefly summarized in the Tables. The infested patients are distributed widely in Japan, but the highest incidence of cases was found in Nagano Prefecture in Central Japan. The age range of the patients was 1 to 88 years, and the highest incidence was found in younger children under the age of nine. The tick infestation of the reported cases most frequently occurred in the summer period of May to August, and the highest incidence was found in June. The most common infestation site of the patients was on the skin of the head region, particularly around the eyes (upper and lower eyelids). The tick bites in the majority of the cases were principally acquired in the mountainous areas.
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  • Recent epidemic of scabies in Japan
    Noriko OHTAKI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 15-26
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This article describes (1) recent epidemic of scabies in Japan, (2) biology of Sarcoptes scabiei, (3) transmission of the mites, (4) clinical aspects of usual scabies and crusted scabies (norwegian scabies), (5) examination of the mites, (6) immunological aspects of scabies, (7) the treatment of scabies, (8) recent epidemic of scabies in nursing homes of Tokyo and neighbour prefectures, (9) control and erradication method for outbreaks of the mites in the nursing homes and geriatric wards of the hospitals and (10) future prospects for the treatment of scabies.
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  • Effects of mating on oviposition, and possibility of parthenogenesis of three domestic cockroach species, the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana; the Smoky brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa; and the German cockroach, Blattella germanica
    Xingfu XIAN
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 27-32
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.27_1
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    Three domestic cockroach species, the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana; the Smoky brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa; and the German cockroach, Blattella germanica were used in this experiment to determine the effect of mating on oviposition and possibility of parthenogenesis. In comparison with mated females, unmated females of P. americana and P. fuliginosa had a longer adult lifespan, but produced obviously fewer oothecae, including many malformed oothecae. The malformed ootheca rate was higher than 60%. However, unmated females of B. germanica were similar to mated females in adult lifespan and the oviposition cycle, and all the oothecae produced by unmated females were normally formed. Parthenogenesis was found in P. americana and P. fuliginosa. The hatchability of oothecae produced by unmated females, which the malformed oothecae were not counted, was 18.7% in P. americana, and 16.7% in P. fuliginosa. All the parthenogenetic progeny were females. Parthenogenesis was not found in B. germanica, oothecae deposited by unmated females were desiccated and fell of before new oothecae were produced.
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  • The Piophilidae (Diptera) of Japan
    Mitsuhiro IWASA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.33_1
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    The Japanese species of the Piophilidae are reviewed. Three species, Protopiophila contecta (Walker), Liopiophila varipes (Meigen) and Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen), are newly recorded from Japan. Five species are briefly described with illustrations of head, thorax, legs and male genitalia. A key to the Japanese species is provided.
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  • Intrageneric habitat segregations among chironomid species of several genera in river environments
    Koichiro KAWAI, Eiso INOUE, Hiromichi IMABAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 41-50
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.41_1
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    With a view to clarifying intrageneric habitat segregations with respect to various environmental factors among species of four genera, Cricotopus, Polypedilum, Rheotanytarsus and Tanytarsus, compositions of adult males belonging to these genera were examined. The adult males emerged from materials attached to artificial substrates submerged at rapids or at pools of different sites in altitude, topographic type and electric conductivity in the Ohta River, Hiroshima Prefecture. Each environmental factor was categorized into three ranges and the range in which a species occurred in a significantly large number was regarded as the one the species requires. There after, the differences, in requirements between the congeneric species were examined. As a result, with respect to altitude, Polypedilum hiroshimaense was considered to require high altitude, whereas P. asakawaense and P. convictum; and P. japonicum and P. nubifer, were considered to require middle and low altitude, respectively. R. tamaquintus, R. tamasecundus and R. tamatertius all required high altitude. As regards topographic type, Tanytarsus tamakutibasi required Aa, whereas T. tamaoctavus; and T. oyamai, T. takahashii, T. tamagotoi and T. unagiseptimus required Aa-Bb and Bb/Bc, respectively. For the riverbed type, Cricotopus metatibialis and C. triannulatus; and C. bimaculatus required rapids and pools, respectively. Among the Tanytarsus species, only T. arduennensis required rapids. For electric conductivity, Rheotanytarsus tamaquintus and R. tamatertius required low conductivity. R. tamasecundus and R. fluminis required a middle and high level of conductivity, respectively.
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  • Eleven cases of accidental human myiasis since 1990
    Yutaka YONEDA, Satoshi SHINONAGA, Hiromichi KUMASHIRO, Toshihide FUKUM ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.51_1
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    Eleven cases of accidental myiasis caused by sarcophagid, calliporid and stratiomyiid flies were reported. Among them, 4 cases were by Sarcophaga peregrina, 2 cases were by Sarcophaga similis and Lucilia sericata, respectively. Two unidentified cases by Sarcophaga spp. and 1case by Hermetia illucens were included. As a recent tendency in incidence of accidental myiasis, many cases involved bedridden inpatients. In the present report, six out of 11 cases were bedridden inpatients.
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  • The activity of Haemaphysalis kitaokai adults (Acari : Ixodidae) in spring and autumn analyzed under experimental outdoor conditions
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 57-60
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.57_1
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    In order to clarify whether the H. kitaokai adults that appeared during spring and autumn are of the same generation or not, the host-seeking activity of the field-collected adults (collected in the Chichibu Mountains of Saitama Prefecture) was observed in plastic cylinders that had been placed outdoors. The unfed adults collected in April, 1993 (1993-April group), showed high host-seeking activity until May, but the activity was barely observed in August. The unfed adults collected in May, 1996 (1996-May group) also showed a similar activity pattern to the 1993-April group. Both 1993-April and 1996-May groups were dead in October. The unfed adults collected in October, 1993 (1993-October group) showed high activity until early May, 1994,but the activity was barely observed in July. The seasonal activity of the unfed adults collected in October, 1996 (1996-October group) was also similar to that of the 1993-October group, although the activity declined in winter. Both 1993-October and 1996-October groups were dead in August. This suggests that H. kitaokai adults that appeared during spring and autumn in Saitama Prefecture are not of the same generation.
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  • Investigations on mosquitoes and blackflies in relation to Dirofilaria immitis transmission in and near Oita City, Japan
    Chiharu AOKI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.61_1
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    Investigations on mosquitoes and blackflies to determine a vector of Dirofilaria immitis in residential areas were carried out at 1 site in Oita City and at 3 sites in Hasama Town, Oita Prefecture, from May to December in 1994 and from June to December in 1995. Wild female mosquitoes were collected at night by a light trap, and in the evening by a hand net while being attracted to a collector, or CO_2 gas from dry ice. Among 8 mosquito species collected, Aedes albopictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus were the most abundant species as a daytime and a nighttime biter, respectively. In all catches, 1 out of 1,009 Ae. albopictus and 2 out of 561 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were naturally infected with third-stage larva(e) of D. immitis. The female mosquitoes with third-stage larva(e) were found from July to September. Adult blackflies (322 females, 7 species) collected by a hand net were all negative with larvae of D. immitis. Considering their anthropophily as well as zoophily, it is concluded that one or both of Ae. albopictus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus play(s) a major role in the transmission of D. immitis among dogs, and also possibly from dogs to humans in the three residential areas studied, and that transmission to humans may occur only during the summer months.
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  • Caterpillar dermatitis in 1977-1996 at Kudanzaka Hospital, Tokyo
    Noriko OHTAKI, Chohei TAKINO
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 65-68
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.65_1
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    Two hundred and fifty-four patients with caterpillar dermatitis treated in the Department of Dermatology, Kudanzaka Hospital, from 1977 to 1996,were studied. Of the 254 patients, 163 were male, so the male-female ratio was 1.8 : 1. The ages of patients ranged from 2 to 79. The predominant age was 40 to 59 for male (52% of all males) and 26 to 29 for females. About half of the male patients in the predominant age group came in contact with caterpillars during gardening on weekends. Seasonal prevalence showed two peaks, the maximum was in July and the next highest in September. The causative insect was predominantly thought to be Euproctis pseudoconspersa. During twenty-year period, the highest number of patients visited our clinic in 1996,followed by 1989 and 1984. The relationship between the number of patients and climate conditions, which may affect the population of these insects, was investigated. However, no clear relationship between the two was observed.
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  • A survey of trombiculid mites in Oshima-Ohshima Island, Hokkaido, Japan
    Kenichi TAKAHASHI, Hirofumi HAYAKAWA, Yutaka NISHIJIMA, Hiroshi SUZUKI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 69-72
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.69_1
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    Three species of larval trombiculid mites, Walchia hayashii, Neoschoengastia shiraii and Leptotrombidium pallidum burnsi were collected from soil samples in Oshima-Ohshima Island, Hokkaido, Japan and all of these three species are newly recorded from Hokkaido.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 73-
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.73_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.Cover3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
    Published: March 15, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: August 18, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.Cover4
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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