All issues
Volume 44 (1993)
- Issue 4 Pages 4-
- Issue 3 Pages 179-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 44, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages Cover10-
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (97K) -
Tatsuo YABE, Haruo HAYASHIArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 179-184
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the environmental factors of scrub typhus prevailing from the early 1970s in a hilly area of western Kanagawa Prefecture. A total of 815 chiggers, Leptotrombidium scutellare, were collected mostly from the mouse Apodemus speciosus which accounted for 88% of 239 mammals captured in grass-scrub terrain dominated by Miscanthus sinensis. The chigger was found from 13 stations within about 25km from the western border to the east where there was no evidence of the chigger in the 1950s. Grass-scrub terrain is ideal habitat for both L. scutellare and A. speciosus. Grassscrub areas in four quadrats of 6(km)^2 each were estimated from aerial photographs taken in 1964,1973,1980 and 1985 around the foci. Total grass-scrub areas in the four quadrats increased from about 0.6(km)^2 in 1964 and 1973 to 1.5(km)^2 in 1985. The increase of the areas was due partly to deserted farmland. According to statistics by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan, deserted farmland in the major foci was expanded from 0.14(km)^2 in 1975 to 0.64(km)^2 in 1985. A cause of the epidemic of scrub typhus is the increase of L. scutellare along the expanded grass-scrub terrains.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Tomoyuki HASHIMOTO, Ikuo TANAKA, Kiyoshi KAMIMURAArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 185-195
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe prevalence patterns of the house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and D. pteronyssinus (Dp), in relation to temperature and relative humidity in the room were investigated at 9 residences located in Tokyo, Kanagawa and Toyama Prefectures. Mite prevalence peaked in the summer season between July and September in most rooms sampled, although a peak appeared in the winter season between December and February in a few rooms. The prevalence could be classified into 3 patterns of Df, Dp and intermediate pattern according to statistical significance in the dominancy of the numbers. When 2 or more rooms were investigated in 1 residence, there was a similarity of the pattern among them. The largest numbers of mites were observed at 60-70% RH in Df and 80-90% RH in Dp, and rising mean temperature resulted in the mite increasing in that month. According to the results analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation test, suitable temperature and relative humidity in the room were considered to be 22.5-32.5℃ and more than 45% RH for Df, and 17.5-32.5℃ and more than 75% RH for Dp, respectively, i. e. Df preferred relatively lower humidity while Dp preferred higher. These results suggest that rising temperature promotes an increase in the number of mites, while relative humidity affects the proportion of both species of mites.View full abstractDownload PDF (1055K) -
Tsutomu TANIKAWA, Tyuzi KUSANOArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 197-201
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe toxic response of albino rats (SD strain, Rattus norvegicus) to warfarin, vitamin D_3 and mixtures of the two compounds was investigated. Acute oral LD_<50> values of the test rats determined by single oral administration of some mixtures of warfarin and vitamin D_3 were shown as follows : warfarin+vitamin D_3 (1 : 4) : 4.3,17.0mg/kg; warfarin+vitamin D_3 (1 : 2) : 9.7,19.5mg/kg; and warfarin+vitamin D_3 (1 : 1) : 12.0,12.0mg/kg. On the other hand, acute oral LD_<50> values of warfarin and vitamin D_3 applied separately, were 61.1 and 44.7mg/kg, respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female in the acute toxicities of warfarin, vitamin D_3 and mixtures of the two. Synergistic effects between warfarin and vitamin D_3 were apparently observed in oral acute toxicities to rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K) -
Kimito UCHIKAWAArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 203-211
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal fluctuations of immature and adult I. persulcatus and adult I. ovatus were studied by flagging vegetation in the subalpine forests of Konashidaira and Sanjiro, Nagano Prefecture. The flaggings were conducted over the period from April to October. 1991,as well as, supplementally, the same period in 1992. The adult, nymph and larva of I. persulcatus showed a biannual fluctuation in number with a large peak from the end of May to the middle of June and a small one in the fall. The 1991 autumnal peak of the adult of I. persulcatus was so small that it was only represented by a single specimen per 100 sweepings. Adults of I. ovatus appeared during the time spanning mid April to mid October. The seasonal fluctuation in the number of adult I. ovatus was not as remarkable as was that of adult I. persulcatus. Adult I. ovatus occurred in large numbers in the period between the end of May and middle of July and again in the end of August. Both of tick species were most abundant during the period when a number of overwintered butterflies were observable. Seasonal highs of the two tick species also coincided with the time when some butterflies and flowers, both part of the scenic attractions of Konashidaira and Sanjiro, were in season contiguously.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Mitsuhiro IWASA, Chie IMAI, Satoshi KIKUCHI, Hiroko YOSHIYAMA, Izumi A ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 213-221
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLife history and larviparous reproduction cycle of Musca bezzii Patton et Cragg were investigated. The duration of larval and pupal development was reduced as the temperature rose to the range of 15 to 30℃. Threshold temperatures of development were 4.8℃ for larvae and 8.4℃ for pupae. Effective accumulative temperatures in larvae and pupae were 101.5 and 187.0 degree-days, respectively. It was confirmed that the female adults deposit the late first instar larvae. Blood ingestion rate of the female flies in the field was very low (3.9%). In ovarian development, first the largest follicle in two pairs of ovarioles formed mature eggs in 5-6 days after emergence and the next one reached maturity in 8-9 days; then egg maturation alternately took place in the left and right ovarioles at 2-3 days' intervals. Ovulation also alternately occurred after completion of egg maturation. The eggs hatched in the uterus about 16-24hr after ovulation, and most of the first instar larvae (16-24hr) were passed within the uterus. Fertilized females collected in the field most frequently deposited the larvae at 2 and 3 days' intervals at 30 and 25℃, respectively. The physiological age of female flies was classified into 5 categories based on the number of follicular relics in ovarioles, developmental stages of follicle and uterus contents. In each category, the calendar age of females was calculated. It was suggested that the determination of the physiological and calendar ages of the female flies of M. bezzii in the field is applicable within the limits of the possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (877K) -
Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI, Machiko KISHIMOTO, Tukumi NAGAMA, Izumi TA ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 223-235
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMite collections were carried out in the residences of allergic, 5 asthmatic and 1 atopic dermatitis, and non-allergic children, 5 non-asthmatic, living in and around Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture, from Oct. 1990 to Oct. 1991. Nineteen species of mites were isolated from the houses. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the dominant species in all the houses with the distribution as follows : residence of asthmatic children 76.5-96.1%, child with atopic dermatitis 88.0% and non-asthmatic children 66.8-93.6%. Cheyletidae was second in dominance. In conjunction with D. pteronyssinus, the two accounted for 92.4 (86.8-98.7) and 91.5 (71.7-96.2)%, respectively, of the mites in the residences of allergic and non-allergic children. Very few D. farinae were found in the house dust collected, being 0.0-0.1 and 0.0-0.6% in the houses of allergic and non-allergic children, respectively. Seasonal variation in the distribution was also observed. D. pteronyssinus was dominant throughout the period. However, for the other species, Acaridae, Cheyletidae and Glycyphagidae were high in number in April whereas Euphthiracaridae increased in February and July. The highest number of mites was 62,275 and 81,000 in 1g of fine dust collected from the houses of allergic and non-allergic children, respectively. Generally, the number of mites collected from the houses of allergic and non-allergic children increased in May and again from August to October. There was no significant difference in the number and fauna of mites isolated in the residences of allergic and nonallergic.View full abstractDownload PDF (1203K) -
Minoru NAKAO, Kenji MIYAMOTOArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 237-245
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the vertebrate reservoirs for the spirochetes transmitted by Ixodes ovatus, the wood mice, Apodemus speciosus ainu, and the longtailed shrews, Sorex unguiculatus, were captured in Furano, Hokkaido during October 1992. Larval and nymphal ticks of I. ovatus were more abundant on the shrews than on the mice. The spirochetes were isolated repeatedly from earlobe tissues of both the mice and the shrews. The spirochetal isolates derived from the shrews contained the 30kDa homogeneous OspA protein, and were similar to the control strain of I. ovatus adult origin in their SDS-PAGE protein profile. In contrast, the isolates from the mice were polymorphic in their OspA proteins, and distinguishable from the shrew-derived isolates. All the spirochetal isolates from I. ovatus larvae feeding on the shrews were also identical with the control strain of I. ovatus adult origin. These data strongly suggest that S. unguiculatus is a reservoir for the spirochetes transmitted by I. ovatus. Similar enzootic cycles involving insectivores should be sought in the mainland of Honshu, Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1072K) -
Chiharu SUTO, Ikuko SAKAKI, Hideko ITOH, Masataka MITIBATAArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 247-255
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the influence of types of houses, rooms, and flooring on the prevalence of house dust mites, surveys were undertaken in livingrooms and bedrooms of wooden Japanesestyle houses and concrete-built apartments in and around Nagoya City, from September 1983 to June 1985 at about 3-month intervals. The numbers of rooms examined were 33 livingrooms and 34 bedrooms in wooden houses, 27 and 29 in apartments, respectively. In wooden houses, the annual mean number of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was not significantly affected by room ratios (No. of rooms/family size), types of rooms, or flooring, whereas the number of D. farinae was significantly greater in houses with high room ratios (>1.3) than houses with low room ratios (<1.2). The prevalence of D. farinae was also affected by flooring; relatively large number of the mites was detected from carpeted floors. In apartments, the number of D. pteronyssinus decreased with the height from the ground, while the number of D. farinae did not significantly vary with the floor level, types of rooms, or flooring. These data suggested that there was no appreciable limiting factor for the prevalence of D. pteronyssinus in wooden houses, nor for D. farinae in apartments. It was also shown that the type of rooms had no significant influence on the prevalence of mites of both species. On carpeted floors, which has low humidity control capacity and thermal conductivity, the number of D. farinae was greater than that of D. pteronyssinus. The results suggested that microhabitats on carpeted floors were rather dry and more favorable for the prevalence of D. farinae than for D. pteronyssinus. On the other hand, on tatami and wood floors, which are known to have high humidity control capacity, the numbers of D. farinae in wooden houses and D. pteronyssinus in apartments varied greatly according to room ratio and floor level, respectively. Relatively large numbers of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus were detected from the plastic floors of apartments. These results suggested an interrelationship among the humidity requirements in mites, humid conditions of rooms influenced largely by room ratio in wooden houses and the floor level of apartments, and microclimates of the floor, which are influenced by humidity control capacity and thermal conductivity of flooring materials, in the prevalence of house dust mites.View full abstractDownload PDF (1111K) -
Tsunemaru OKADOME, Kumi TANAKA, Hirofumi HAYAKAWAArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 257-261
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal prevalences of tabanid flies were surveyed by CO_2-baited mosquito-net traps at Toyota Municipal Livestock Center in Aichi Prefecture during the fly season of 1991. In total 839 flies belonging to 3 genera, 11 species, were collected. Tabanus trigeminus was the most abundant, occupying 41.7% of the total catches, followed by T. trigonus (19.2%), T. rufidens (18.2%) and Atylotus bivittateinus (9.5%). Tabanid flies occurred mostly during middle July to early September with a peak in late July. The fly season of T. kinoshitai and T. trigeminus lasted for about 4 months, while that of T. fulvimedioides was about 20 days. Single or double activity peak at the midday or higher activity in the late daytime was observed during middle July to early September.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI, Takao KISHIMOTO, Yoshiko HIGA, Hisako HATA ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 263-269
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResistance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Okinawa Prefecture to insecticides was investigated between 1970 and 1972,and in 1989. The mosquitoes collected from 8 localities in Okinawajima between 1970 and 1972 were resistant to organochlorines, p, p'-DDT, lindane and dieldrin, but those from a few localities were susceptible to 6 organophosphates except malathion and naled. The LC_<50> values of these strains were 0.012-0.61ppm for p, p'-DDT, 0.23-0.26ppm for lindane, 0.18-0.31ppm for dieldrin, 0.05-0.84ppm for malathion, and 0.036-0.26ppm for naled. However, in 1989,the species in Okinawajima and Ishigakijima was susceptible to p, p'-DDT, but resistant to organophosphates, especially malathion, fenitrothion, fenthion and temefos with LC_<50> values of 12.2-25.0,1.78-2.50,3.90-4.58 and 4.43-4.44ppm, respectively. The species was also resistant to propoxur (a carbamate) with LC_<50> value of 3.82-5.05ppm but susceptible to permethrin, a pyrethroid, with LC_<50> value of 0.0065-0.0072ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTOArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 271-277
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHost attachment activity and development of larvae and nymphs were observed in I. persulcatus held in the laboratory under constant temperature (25℃), with various photoperiodic conditions (10L-14D, 12L-12D and 16L-8D). Larval attachment was hardly affected by photoperiod during the stages from eggs to unfed larvae, but nymphal attachment was inhibited by exposing to a short-day photoperiod (10L-14D) during the stages from engorged larvae to unfed nymphs. Both engorged larvae and nymphs were strongly affected by the photoperiodic conditions under which they were held before, during and after engorgement. The active development of engorged larvae occurred in exposure to a long-day photoperiod (16L-8D) before and/or during and after engorgement. The diapause of engorged larvae was induced by exposing to short-day photoperiods (10L-14D or 12L-12D) throughout the stages from eggs to engorged larvae. The diapause of engorged nymphs occurred in response to short-day photoperiods during and after engorgement. Exposure of engorged nymphs to a long-day photoperiod during and after engorgement prevented diapause. These results suggest that I. persulcatus is a long day type with a facultative diapause in the larval and nymphal stages. It is considered that the diapause of I. persulcatus larvae and nymphs, which is induced by short-day photoperiods, plays an important role in the synchronization of the activities of the nymphs and adults under favorable seasonal conditions of spring to summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K) -
Shogo MASUDA, Keiko SEKI, Yoshiko SUMI, Kiyoshi KOBAYASHI, Junji SAKUR ...Article type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 279-285
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA group of toxin-producing bacteria was isolated from two species of leeches, the Japanese land leech, Haemadipsa zeylanica japonica and the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. The culture supernatant of one of the representative strains, designated as Y-1,had a property to cause acute death when it was inoculated in mice not only intravenously but also intraperitoneally. A prominent hyperemia was observed in the mouse skin especially when Y-1 was intravenously inoculated. The lethal and hyperemic effects of Y-1 culture supernatant totally disappeared when it was heated at 100℃ for 10min. The bacterium was found to belong to the Fluorescens group of the genus Pseudomonas. The present investigation revealed that these toxin-producing bacteria are prevalent among leech-inhabiting flora. Consequently it is highly probable that the acute death and the hyperemia due to product (s) of these bacteria might be associated with the blood-sucking behavior of the leech species. Another bacterium was also isolated from the medicinal leech. The bacterium was found to produce a toxic factor (s) which causes mouse death like Haemadipsa bacteria. This bacterium was found to belong to the Fluorescens group of genus Pseudomonas also.View full abstractDownload PDF (1010K) -
Milan KOZANEK, Hirosi TAKAHASIArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 287-289
Published: September 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 23, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 17 species of Tabanidae from North Korea has been studied. Hybomitra lundbecki Lyneborg, H. nigricornis Zetterstedt and Haematopota stackelbergi Olsufjev are recorded for the first time from N. Korea.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|