Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 32, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.Cover14
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Notes on the Blattella species of Taiwan : II. What is "Ischnoptera sauteri Karny 1915"?
    Syoziro ASAHINA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 255-259
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.255
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    Karny (1915) described "Ischnoptera sauteri" from Taiwan based on "1♂2♀" taken by H. Sauter. When I examined the type-specimens I found that the material is all female which fact was also noted by Peterson and Gaedike (1970). In his Blattarian catalogue Princis (1969) correctly placed sauteri in the genus Blattella and synonymized Blattella subvittata Hebard (1929) with it. On our material from Taiwan and the other South Asiatic areas I checked the 2 species carefully, and found that the 2 "species" are clearly separated as far as the male supra-anal plate and hypandrium are concerned. The other characters, such as prothoracic pattern, male 7th abdominal tergite, left phallosome and female supra-anal plate seem to be of little value for specific separation. A male specimen from South Thailand affords a rather problematical intermediate feature in the male abdominal end (Fig. 22). I am, therefore, concluding the 2 species to be 2 subspecific taxa of a single species. It is not possible, for the present, to differentiate the 2 subspecies into 2 geographical races.
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  • Ovipositional attractancy of waters containing larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
    Supat SUCHARIT, Watanasak TUMRASVIN
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 261-264
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.261
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    The effect of the waters containing larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus on the oviposition of these 2 species was studied in the laboratory. The results revealed that the numbers of eggs of both species were affected during the first 4 days of oviposition. During the first 4 days, A. aegypti were attracted to the albopictus larva water. A. aegypti laid more eggs than A. albopictus when they were attracted to the larva water of the counterpart throughout the oviposition period. A. aegypti survived better in their own larva water than in tap water and lived even better in the albopictus larva water. In contrast, A. albopictus died more than A. aegypti in the larva water of the counterpart. These findings indicate the superiority of A. aegypti to A. albopictus on the breeding potential and survival when bred together.
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  • Studies on antifungal effect of mite alarm pheromone citral : 2. Antifungal effect of the hexane extracts of the grain mites and some analogues of citral
    Masako OKAMOTO, Katsuhiko MATSUMOTO, Yoshitake WADA, Yasumasa KUWAHARA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 265-270
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.265
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    The antifungal effect of the following 3 groups of volatile materials on Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp. fumi.) were investigated by "the modified gas method" (Okamoto et al., 1978) : (1) hexane extract of the 5 species of the grain mites : Carpoglyphus lactis (C. lactis), Lardoglyphus konoi (L. konoi), Aleuroglyphus ovatus (A. ovatus), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (T. putrescentiae) and Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), (2) four analogues of citral : geraniol, nerol, neryl formate and citronellal, (3) some volatile alkanes and alkens identified from T. putrescentiae by gas liquid chromatography (G.L.C.) (Kuwahara et al., 1976) : tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, tridecene, tetradecene and pentadecene. As the result, it was revealed that the hexane extracts of 4 species of the grain mites (20g) and T. putrescentiae (40g) inhibited the growth of Asp. fumi. Comparing the citral equivalence based on the relation between the dose of citral and the growth inhibition of fungi with the quantity of citral in each extract of the mites measured by G.L.C. (Table 1), it was supposed that the antifungal effects of hexane extracts of C. lactis and L. konoi were almost due to citral but those of D. farinae and A. ovatus might also be affected by other volatile substances. All analogues of citral were less effective than citral. The order of the inhibitory activity of them was citral > geraniol &eDot; nerol > citronellal > neryl formate (Fig. 2). Six kinds of alkanes and alkens gave no inhibitory effect on Asp. fumi. Following the sieving method of Kobayashi et al. (1979), colonies of C. lactis and L. konoi isolated from the culture medium were separated into three developmental stages, adult, nymph, and larva. The quantity of citral in each stage of mites was evaluated with G.L.C., and it was shown that as the mites grow the quantity of citral per weight of mites increased (Table 2).
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  • Notes on the mosquitoes collected at forest areas in the northern part of Okinawajima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan
    Takako TOMA, Ichiro MIYAGI
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 271-279
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.271
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    In order to know the mosquito fauna and biology in the forest area in the northern part of Okinawajima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, a mosquito survey was conducted monthly for 6 years from 1976 to 1981. Collections were made mainly at a seaside cemetery (area H), foot of a mountain (area YS and YE) and a jungle forest (area AD). Adult mosquitoes were collected by daytime human-bait catches and larvae were also collected by a dipper and pipet from their natural habitats and at artificial containers such as wooden box, earthen jar, tin can and glass vial which had been placed beforehand. In total, 31 species of 11 genera were found in the present survey. Among them Ae. japonicus was a newly recorded species in Okinawajima. Larvae of Ur. nivipleura were also newly recorded in Japan. Toxorhynchites sp. is very similar to Tx. towadensis, belonging to the Tx. manicatus group. This species was very rare but its larvae were collected from wooden boxes placed in the jungle forest. The overwintering of the species was made in the larval stage. The larvae of Cx. ryukyensis, Ae. albopictus and Ur. n. ryukyuana were commonly found in area H. Most of the females collected in this area were Ae. albopictus (95%) and a few Ar. subalbatus (4%) was also included. At the base of the mountain, the larvae of Ae. albopictus, Ae. f. downsi, Ae. riversi, Ae. a. okinawanus and Or. anopheloides were predominant. In the YS area, teh predominant females were Ae. albopictus (60%) and Ar. subalbatus (38%). In the YE area, Ae. albopictus (40%), An. saperoi (31%) and Ae. riversi (15%) were predominant and the rest were Ar. subalbatus, Ae. a. okinawanus and Ae. f. downsi in decreasing order. In the jungle forest area (AD), the predominant species breeding in the artificial containers were the same as those in areas YS and YE except Ae. albopictus which was never collected in this area. The most common species that came to bite in the area was An. saperoi (62%) and its immature stages were commonly found in streams. Considerable numbers of Ae. a. okinawanus (25%) and Ae. riversi (8%) also came to bite in this area. Engorged females and/or larvae in all instars and pupae of Ae. albopictus, Ae. riversi, An. saperoi, Ae. a. okinawanus, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. ryukyensis and Ur. n. ryukyuana were collected even in winter. Apparently blood feeding, oviposition and adult emergence of these species continued in the winter season.
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  • The survey of flies of medical and veterinary importance in Thailand
    Supat SUCHARIT, Watanasak TUMRASVIN
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 281-285
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.281
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    During 1978 we made surveys of flies in the northern, northeastern and central parts of Thailand. This paper presents fly species as well as their densities at market places, garbage, slaughter houses and animal sheds from those parts. A total of 142,656 flies consisting of 25 species of 13 genera was collected by sweeping nets. They comprised 85.7% of Musca domestica, 9.1% of Chrysomyia megacephala, 1.4% of Phaenicia cuprina, 1.2% of Musca sorbens, 0.6% of M. lucens, 0.6% of biting flies (Stomoxys spp., Haematobia exigua and Tabanus spp.), 0.8% of haematophagous flies (Musca fasciata, M. conducens, M. ventrosa and M. crassirostris), 0.3% of Chrysomyia albiceps, 0.1% of Parasarcophaga spp. and a few other flies of less than 0.1% including Orthellia indica, Ophyra chalcogaster, Lispe orientalis, Fannia scalaris, Cosmina bicolor and Muscina stabulans. There were more females than males, the female to male ratio ranged from 552.6 : 1 to 4.2 : 1. From these surveys Musca lucens, M. fasciata, M. crassirostris, Stomoxys indica and Haematobia exigua were collected only in the north, Stomoxys uruma in the northeast, Musca conducens, Orthellia indica and Tabanus spp. in the northern and central parts, and rest of the 14 species were found to be distributed throughout all the district surveyed.
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  • Studies on the mosquitoes in the Yaeyama Islands, Japan : 7. Observations on the mating behavior of Aedes (Verrallina) iriomotensis
    Ichiro MIYAGI, Takako TOMA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 287-292
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.287
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    Specialized mating behaviors of Aedes (Verrallina) iriomotensis Tanaka and Mizusawa, 1973,an indigenous species of the Ryukyu Is., are described and photographed. The antennae of the male Ae. iriomotensis are only slightly more plumose than those of the female. The males do not swarm and remain for much time in the vicinity of the breeding sites and meet young females by chance through random flight. Mating excitement of the male seems to be increased rapidly when his legs touch the young virgin female, and copulation usually occurs immediately after emergence of the female on the water surface. Although we have never confirmed the presence of a sex attractant in this species, our observations suggest that a volatile female sex pheromone might play a somewhat important role in successful mating of this species.
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  • Studies on filariasis : III. Susceptibility of several mosquito species to periodic Che-ju (Korea) strain of Brugia malayi
    Mutsuo KOBAYASHI, Nobuo OGURA, Hisashi YAMAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 293-299
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.293
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    Four species 9 strains of mosquitoes, i.e., 4 strains of Aedes aegypti, 2 strains of Aedes togoi, 2 strains of Armigeres subalbatus and 1 strain of Anopheles stephensi, were tested for susceptibility to periodic Che-ju (Korea) strain of Brugia malayi. Liverpool and Red-eye I strains of Ae. aegypti were found to be highly susceptible to the parasite, showing host efficiency of 0.21-0.34 on the average. Two strains, Black-eye and Red-eye II, were refractory. Both Rendaiji and Nagasaki strains of Ae. togoi, which have been reported as a main vector in Che-ju Island, were also susceptible. However, their host efficiency has shown a large variaiton due possibly to a large variance of the number of ingested microfilariae. Rendaiji and 406 strains of Ar. subalbatus and 1 strain of An. stephensi were determined as refractory. Larval migration rate was introduced in analysing susceptibility. It was generally higher in susceptible mosquito species or strains and lower in refractory strains. It was also suggested that high larval migration rate was not always followed by high susceptibility. As one of factors affecting susceptibility of mosquitoes, so-called chitinization of the larvae in Ar. subalbatus was discussed.
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  • Blackflies (Diptera : Simuliidae) in highland streams in Guatemala, with special reference to the seasonal prevalence of immature stages and voltinism
    Takao OKAZAWA, Hirosi TAKAHASI
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 301-308
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.301
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    Immature stages of blackflies were studied in uppermost part of 2 streams in Guatemalan highland, Sierra Madre. In total 5 species, Gigantodax wrighti, Simulium (Simulium) tricornis, S. (S.) anduzei and S. (S.) jobbinsi in descending order of abundance, were collected. G. wrighti and S. (E.) sp. were predominant and occupied more than 80% of the total specimens collected from each stream. All the 5 species appeared at higher density in the rainy season and the first half of the dry season than in the latter half of the dry season. From the head width distribution in each month, G. wrighti and S. (E.) sp. were found to be multivoltine species. G. wrighti had two generations in the rainy season to the first half of the dry season and possibly one generation in the latter half. S. (E.) sp. had 2 generations in the rainy season, and at least one more generation, possibly two, in the dry season.
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  • Description of Tabanus amamiensis n. sp. from Amami Island, Japan : Diptera, Tabanidae
    Hirofumi HAYAKAWA, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Yoshisuke NAGASHIMA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 309-313
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.309
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    Tabanus amamiensis, a new species, was described based on the materials collected as larvae or pupae from Amami Island. This species is closely related to T. otsurui Ogawa, T. masamitsui Hayakawa and T. hyugaensis Hayakawa, but can be easily distinguished from them by the much larger shiny middle callus on frons and denuded subcallus.
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  • Ecological studies on overwintering populations of Culex pipiens pallens : 2. Successive change of wing length and R-ratio of the females entering and leaving an overwintering shelter
    Kiyoshi MAKIYA, Itsuhiro TAGUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 315-320
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.315
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    An ecological study was made on successive changes of wing-length distribution and wing length-to-R-raito relation of Culex pipiens pallens females entering and leaving an overwintering shelter. Shorter-winged mosquitoes were observed to enter the shelter in October earlier than longer-winged ones, most of which came in during late November and early December. From the change of skewness of the wing-length distribution, it was concluded that the shorter-winged mosquitoes decreased considerably during overwintering. However, the shorter-winged individuals including a few parous females were still found in a small proportion among the mosquitoes leaving the shelter. The wing length-to-R-ratio relation for the monthly catches showed that both of these values were larger in the overwintering population than in the summer one. The regression coefficient between these 2 values was larger in the overwintering population except for population captured in October, which seemed to be in a transitional phase from the summer to the overwintering populations. Discussions were given of coincidence of these findings with the conclusions so far made on overwintering aspects of Cx. p. pallens.
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  • Hybridization and some biological facts of seven strains of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group (Reid, 1968)
    Tozo KANDA, Kenji TAKAI, Geok Lian CHINNG, Weng Hooi CHEONG, Supat SUC ...
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 321-329
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.321
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    Seven strains collected from geographically distant places, Chantaburi (CTB), Kanchanaburi (KCH) in Thailand, Perlis (IMR), Pahang (KSU), Kota Belud (KTD), Sabah, Kuching (SWK) and Niabet (SWN), Sarawak in Malaysia were used for morphological observations, hybridization and cytogenetic observations in order to analyse phylogenetic relationships among the strains. All these 7 strains were shown to belong to the same species group with homosequencial banding patterns of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. SWK and SWN strains, sharing identical morphological characters, however, were genetically separated from the other 5 strains. The informations of phylogenetic relaitonships and the results of morphological confirmations among the 7 strains indicated that dirus is not separated from balabacensis in species level. IMR and KSU strains were most closely related to each other with strong affinities. CTB is closely related to KCH but each strain showed different degree of genetic affinities to the other strains. KTD was more diverged from CTB than from IMR strain. The relationship between IMR and KCH was more diverged than that between KTD and CTB. The results suggest that IMR and KSU strains might have experienced a recent population "bottleneck" effect.
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  • Plants as oviposition sites of Hybomitra jersey (Takahasi, 1962) and its egg-batches (Diptera, Tabanidae)
    Hirofumi HAYAKAWA, Yohtaro YONEYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 330-331
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.330
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    Egg-batches of Hybomitra jersey (Takahasi, 1962) were collected in the forest of Mt. Goyo, Kitakami Range in middle July, 1978. The eggs were laid on the underside of the leaves of Sasa nipponica Makino et Shibata and Astilbe odontophilla Miq. at the average height of 38.1cm above the ground. The plants were grown at the site of rather dark and a little dry forest floor. The egg-batch was glossy blackish brown to black in color and roughly pyramidal in shape with 2 to 4 layers of eggs. Average number of eggs per batch was 179.
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  • Malaya leei (Wharton) feeding on ants in Papua New Guinea : Diptera : Culicidae
    Ichiro MIYAGI
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 332-333
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.332
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  • The diurnal activities of Musca domestica Linnaeus and Chrysomyia megacephala Fabricius in Bangkok
    Supat SUCHARIT, Watanasak TUMRASVIN
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 334-336
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.334
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    The activities of adult Musca domestica and Chrysomyia megacephala were studied in Bangkok by using fly traps set at 2-hr intervals for 24hr. Musca domestica was diurnally periodic with a peak at 12 : 00-14 : 00 o'clock and Chrysomyia megacephala was diurnally periodic with a peak at 16 : 00-18 : 00 o'clock.
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  • Cibarial dome of group-A female Aedes (Finlaya) mosquitoes
    Takeshi KURIHARA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 337-338
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.337
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  • On the occurrence of bethylid wasp, Cephalonomia gallicola (Ashmead), with reference to its injuries to man in Nagoya, Japan
    Taiichi MATSUURA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 339-341
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.339
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    In 1975,82 human cases of Cephalonomia gallicola stings were reported to the Nagoya City Health Centers. Since then, complaints about the wasp stings had increased year by year, and in 1978 annual cases of the complaints amounted to 295. These were reported from the residents of 149 buildings in the city. Most of the buildings were the apartment houses made of reinforced concrete, making up 77.5% of all the sites of the incidence. No statistically significant difference was found between the incidence rates of the upper and lower floors of these apartment houses. These wasp stings were encountered mainly during the warm months from May to October (97.3%); more than half of the patients were stung at night (53.1%). The parts of their bodies stung were the bare-arms and legs (51.0%), followed by the trunk (31.8%) and the neck (17.2%). Most victims suffered itching local pains soon after the sting, and in a few days, erythemas usually less than 3×3cm in size developed around the sting sites in 84.1% of the patients. Cure was attained in 3-7 days in 76.8% of them.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 342-
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.342
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages i-
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.i_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages Toc2-
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.Toc2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1981 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.32.Cover16
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