Medical Entomology and Zoology

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages Cover13-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover13

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover14

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages App7-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.App7

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Trombiculid fauna and seasonal occurrence of Leptotrombidium scutellare and Leptotrombidium pallidum in endemic and non-endemic areas for tsutsugamushi disease in Oita Prefecture, Japan

Xuan Da PHAM, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Yasushi OTSUKA, Hiroyuki TAKAOKA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 303-312
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.303

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Trombiculid fauna and the seasonal occurrence of its components were surveyed at three fixed sites in an endemic area of tsutsugamushi disease (Taketa City and Asaji Town), and at four fixed sites in a non-endemic area (Oita City and Hasama Town) in Oita Prefecture, Japan. A monthly collection of unengorged larvae was made at each site from December 1996 to January 1998,from soil samples (taken from rodent nest tunnels and from the ground surface without tunnels) using the Tullgren funnel apparatus (Direct method), and/or from the ground surface with a black cloth (Suzuki method). A total of 19 species were identified, including five newly recorded species in Oita Prefecture. Leptotrombidium scutellare and L. pallidum, which had been suspected as vectors of tsutsugamushi disease in Oita Prefecture, were collected in both endemic and non-endemic areas. The former species seemed to be relatively abundant in the endemic area and very rare in the non-endemic area. By contrast, the latter species seemed to be more abundant in the non-endemic area than in the endemic area. Leptotrombidium scutellare larvae occurred from October to January, with a probable peak in November. On the other hand, L. pallidum occurred almost throughout the year with two peaks, one in September and the other between November and February. The Direct method, especially for soils of rodent nest tunnels, has been proved satisfactory in studying the fauna and seasonal occurrence of larval trombiculids, while the Suzuki method is more effective in sampling unengorged larvae of L. scutellare and Helenicula miyagawai.

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Isolation and characterization of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157 : H7,from flies collected at a dairy farm field

Ryoko BUMA, Hiroko SANADA, Takuya MAEDA, Masaharu KAMEI, Hiroki KOURAI

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 313-321
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.313

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Escherichia coli was isolated from the body surface, alimentary canal and excreta of the Musca domestica (Linnaeus), and the alimentary canal of Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) and Phaenicia sericata (Meigen) collected at a dairy farm in Tokushima Prefecture in 1997. We detected E. coli O157 : H7 in the excreta and other pathogenic bacteria like Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sakazakii and Pseudomonas fluorescens in the alimentary canal of M. domestica using the immunomagnetic separation method, polymerase chain reaction method and rapid identification kits. The isolated bacteria were resistant to more than three antibiotics. Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from human and E. coli O157 : H7 from M. domestica had similar susceptibility against tested antibiotics. These facts suggest that houseflies or other flies would be possible mechanical vectors to transmit the pathogens like enterohemorrhagic colitis or enteritis, although general sanitary conditions seem to be clearly improved in Japan. This is the first report of E. coli O157 : H7 in the excreta of houseflies collected at a dairy farm field.

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Host preference of Japanese encephalitis vectors in Chiangmai, Northern Thailand

Charles MWANDAWIRO, Nobuko TUNO, Wannapa SUWONKERD, Yoshio TSUDA, Tets ...

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 323-333
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.323

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All night mosquito collections by light traps and by a mouth aspirator for 5 minutes around animal sheds were conducted at Mae Joh University compound, northern Thailand on three nights between August and September, 1998. These were supplemented with choice/no choice experiments using nets in which mosquitoes collected from the rice field or a net with a cow or a pig were released. In the experimental nets a cow or a pig or both were tethered to evaluate precise host preference of Japanese encephalitis vectors. Light traps collected 34,708 female mosquitoes among which were 7,958 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, 22,782 Cx. vishnui and 2,083 Cx. gelidus, the main JE vectors. Only 114 females of Cx. fuscocephala, another JE vector, were captured. The proportions of fed females showed that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. vishnui obtained more meals from the pigs than from the cows whereas Cx. gelidus fed on the cows more than the pigs in significantly different proportions. A total of 1,811 (47.2% fed) and 1,701 (38.2% fed) females of JE vectors were picked by aspirators at the cowshed and pigsty respectively. There was no difference in the proportions of fed females of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. vishnui between the cowshed and pigsty collections, and Cx. gelidus fed significantly more on the cows than the pigs. Light trap collections revealed the host range of the mosquitoes in nature, which depends on availability of blood meal sources. The choice/no-choice experiments revealed stronger preference of JE vectors for the cow to the pig. We considered this to be the precise host preference because the experiments were conducted under conditions of equal availability of hosts.

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Additional record of three black fly species from Vietnam (Diptera : Simuliidae)

Xuan Da PHAM

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 335-336
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.335

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The first investigation on black fly species was made in Bacthai and Langson provinces of the northern part of Vietnam in August 1998. A total of 11 species was collected, of which three were newly recorded from this country : i.e., Simulium (Gomphostilbia) duolongum Takaoka et Davies, S. (Simulium) chiangmaiense Takaoka et Suzuki, and S. (S.) jeffreyi Takaoka et Davies.

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Induction and termination of the behavioural diapause of Haemaphysalis longicornis adults (Acarina : Ixodidae) observed under experimental conditions

Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 337-340
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.337

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An experimental study was carried out to clarify whether or not the behavioural diapause of Haemaphysalis longicornis adults was induced by exposure to a short-day photoperiod (10L-14D) and terminated by exposure to a long-day photoperiod. The percentages of host attachment and engorgement of the adults reared at 25℃ under a 16L-8D photoperiod from egg to molting to the adult stage were very high when they were kept under the same rearing conditions for a month after molting. However, the host attachment and engorgement of the adults were significantly suppressed when they were exposed to a 10L-14D photoperiod for a month at 25℃ after molting. These results suggest that behavioural diapause occurs in the adults exposed to a short-day photoperiod after molting. This behavioural diapause appears to explain the disappearance of H. longicornis adults in autumn when the days shorten. On the other hand, the percentages of host attachment and engorgement of the adults exposed to a 10L-14D photoperiod for a month increased when they were transferred to a 16L-8D photoperiod and kept for twenty days at 25℃. This suggests that the behavioural diapause of H. longicornis adults is terminated by exposure to a long-day photoperiod. This termination of diapause appears to explain the reappearance of H. longicornis adults in spring when the days get long.

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Five dipterous flies bred from Japanese cormorant feces in Japan

Tsunemaru OKADOME, Masaru SASAHARA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 341-343
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.341

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Five species of dipterous flies, Scatopse notata (Linnaeus) (Scatopsidae), Anthomyia illocata Walker (Anthomyiidae), Fannia sp. (Fanniidae), Tephrochlamys japonica Okadome (Heleomyzidae) and Homoneura sphincta Sasakawa et Ikeuchi (Lauxaniidae), were bred from feces of the Japanese cormorant, phalacrocorax carbo hanedae Kuroda in Japan. A total of 51 adult flies were collected, the majority of which was T. japonica. This was followed by Fannia sp. and then in a very low representation by H. sphincta.

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Rodenticidal effects of a mixture of warfarin and vitamin D_3 as poison baits

Tsutomu TANIKAWA, Eisaku INADA, Tsutomu KOSONE, Akihiko UCHIDA, Tyuzi ...

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 345-348
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.345

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A mixture of baits containing 0.025% warfarin and 0.05% vitamin D_3 showed high toxicity to laboratory rats (Wistar strain) and black rats, Rattus rattus (probably warfarin-resistant). In laboratory rats, the acute LD_<50> value of the mixture baits was 1.42g/100g b.w. and the active ingredients ingested were warfarin 3.6mg/kg b.w. and vitamin D_3 7.1mg/kg b.w. Mean lethal days in the mixture baits decreased to about 1/124 of that of the warfarin baits when it was compared with the previous results using warfain-resistant rats (Tanikawa 1991) and mean active ingredient intake (dose of warfarin and vitamin D_3) also decreased to about 1/29. The results suggest that the mixture baits are more effective than poison baits containing only 0.025% warfarin.

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Evaluation of the acaricidal efficacy of sixteen chemicals to three species of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Blomia tropicalis, by filter paper contact method

Tomoyuki HASHIMOTO, Naoki MOTOYAMA, Kiyoshi MIZUTANI

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 349-354
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.349

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Acaricidal efficacy brought about by contact to chemical residues was compared among 16 chemicals. Phenyl salicylate showed the lowest LC_<50> values, 9.59mg (a.i.)/m^2 for Dermatophagoides farinae, 12.2mg/m^2 for Tyrophagus putrescentiae and 6.38mg/m^2 for Blomia tropicalis. The LC_<50> values of synepirin 500,permethrin, cypermethrin and pp'-DDT were not obtained within a dosage of 4,000mg/m^2 against the 3 mite species. More than ten-fold differences in the LC_<50> values among the mite species were recognized in γ-BHC, IBTA, fenitrothion and dichlorvos. However, susceptibility of the 3 mite species in the LC_<50> values was similar in benzyl benzoate, phenyl salicylate and S421. Blomia tropicalis indicated the highest susceptibility in the LC_<50> values to 9 chemicals. Differences in concentration-response characteristics of some test chemicals were also observed.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 355-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.355

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 356-360
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.356

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 361-363
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.361

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 364-366
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.364

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[title in Japanese]

Megumi HASEGAWA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages i-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.i

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[title in Japanese]

Shozo EHARA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages ii-iii
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.ii

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages App8-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.App8

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages Cover15-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover15

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
Published: December 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.50.Cover16

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