Medical Entomology and Zoology

Fenitrothion and permethrin are common insecticides for controlling veterinary insect pests in Japan. The efficacy of these two insecticides to the blow fly, Calliphora nigribarbis, was investigated, because the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was detected and isolated from blow flies collected in the vicinity of an infected poultry farm in Kyoto Prefecture in 2004. The adult blow flies collected in Yamaguchi Prefecture, where the first HPAI outbreak occurred in 2004, were directly used for topical application. The LD_<50> values were 0.078μg/female for fenitrothion and 0.014μg/female for permethrin. The results show that the local population of the blow fly was susceptible to these two insecticides.

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Adult mosquitoes were collected at neighboring and surrounding areas of Narita International Airport, Japan in 2003 and 2004, and the samples were checked for the West Nile virus. One area beside Narita International Airport and three areas, 8, 14 or 18km from the airport, were selected for the mosquito collections. In each area 10 CDC-like suction traps enhanced with 1kg of dry-ice were used to collect host-seeking mosquitoes. During the two-year survey a total of 5,882 females of 16 mosquito species in seven genera were collected and all samples were negative for the West Nile virus. There were significant differences in species composition of the mosquitoes among the study areas. The variation in mosquito numbers among 10 traps that were distributed at the same study area was analyzed. The trap site where the largest number of mosquitoes was recorded differed seasonally. The result of mosquito collection was compared between two different collection methods, dry-ice trap and sweeping, and the resting behavior of adult mosquitoes was discussed.

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Simulium (Simulium) chungi sp. nov. is described based on adult, pupal and larval specimens collected from Taiwan. This is assigned to the griseifrons species-group, and is very similar to S. (S.) taipokauense Takaoka, Davies and Dudgeon, described from males collected from Hong Kong but there are differences in several morphological features including the relative length of the first flagellar segment of the antenna to the second one, the shape and size of the sensory vesicle, and the color of the midlegs.

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A new simuliid species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) udomi sp. nov., is described on the basis of the male reared from a pupa collected from northern Thailand. This new species is assigned to the ceylonicum species-group of the subgenus Simulium (Gomphostilbia), and is characterized in the male by the haired subcosta as well as the enlarged hind basitarsus, and in the pupa by the six gill filaments and the cocoon with an elongated anterodorsal projection.

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