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Volume 14 (1963)
- Issue 4 Pages 187-
- Issue 3 Pages 131-
- Issue 2 Pages 69-
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Volume 14, Issue 1
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (58K) -
Noboru YamagutiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparative morphological studies were made with the adults of three laboratory bred colonies of Culex pipiens s.l. which were originally collecte d from Tokyo (DE) in eastern Japan and from Amami (KO) and south Ryukyu (TA) in the south. The latter two represent the so-called fatigans-form, while the first is of pallens-form. Conspicuous patches composed of dark scales were detected on abdominal sternites III to VII of the latter two colonies, which were found to lack almost completely in the first. The patches, when present, were more conspicuous in the males than in the females. Differences were also seen in the transverse white bands on abdominal tergites of females, which were nearly linear in the former and were arched posteriorly in the latter two. Differences between the above two forms were also seen in the cell-stem index of the wings, which were seen more obviously in the males with the critical value of about 2.40 between the groups. The measurements of the male genitalia were made with the values of 100×D/V in the place of DV/D of the previous authors. The two groups could be differentiated at D/V value of 50 where those for DE were larger and for TA and KO were smaller than this value. All of the biometrical values of the hybrid colonies of the two groups discussed here were roughly intermediate. Although the above two groups were found to differ in the experimental populations, overlappings of the individual values between the groups were always seen for these values.View full abstractDownload PDF (676K) -
Takeshi KuriharaArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 7-15
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaboratory observations on the effect of some larval environmental conditions upon the development, mortality or the size of adults were made with a colony of the mosquito, Culex pipiens s.l.. 1. Temperature. The first instar larvae were bred under regulated temperature ranging from 10℃ to 38℃. The rates of pupation of the larvae were 0% at 10℃, 81.3% at 15℃, 92.6% at 18℃, 71.3% at 20℃, 78.0% at 25℃ and 28℃, 68.3% at 32℃ and 0% at 38℃. The days required for the larvae to develop into pupae varied greatly by the temperature, especially in the range between 18℃ and 25℃, such as the average of 20.4 days at 15℃ and 5.4 days at 28℃. No significant differences by the temperature were seen in the sex ratio or in the size of black patches on abdominal sternites. The size of adults as measured by the wing length was the largest in those bred at low temperature, and became smaller as it became higher. 2. Amount of food. Each 25, 50 and 100 larvae were bred in the same size of containers to which different amount of food ranging from 50 to 2, 000mg of diet for experimental animals was given at the start. The optimum amount of food as observed by the lowest mortality was about 10mg per larva for the lot of 25 and 50 larvae per containers and was some 5mg per larva for the lot of 100. In the range from 2 to 10mg of food per larva, the average wing length of adults became longer as the amount of food was increased. 3. Size of the containers. In the experiments using different size of containers with the surface varying from 60 to 480 square cm. and to which the same number of larvae (100), the same amount of food (400mg) and the same depth of water was added, the mortality of larvae became lower but the larval periods became longer as the containers were larger. 4. Density of larvae. Different numbers of larvae from 25 to 150 were reared in each same size of vials containing 50ml. of water and enough but not excess of food was given every day. The mortality of larvae became higher as the density was greater, but the absolute number of pupae being reared from a vial increased as the density was larger.View full abstractDownload PDF (877K) -
Takeshi KuriharaArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 16-19
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were made to produce radioactive mosquitoes of a laboratory bred colony of Culex pipiens s.l. from Tokyo. Among the three methods tested here, best results were obtained by rearing the fourth instar larvae with the water containing P^<32>. A series of experiments were repeated to rear the larvae with various strength of radioactivity ranging from 3.0μc to 0.01μc, and the radioactivity of the females emerged from them were counted for the period of 15 days. It was observed that the readings of the counts increased as the concentration of P^<32> in water was higher, and even with the minimum lot reared in water of 0.01μc it gave 487 to 125 cpm per mosquito for the period from 1 to 15 days after emergence. High mortality of pupae was seen in the lots reared in waters containing the doses above 1.0μc. The female mosquitos fed with syrup containing 1.0 and 2.0μc of P^<32> per ml. gave the average readings of 84.9 cpm and 171.8 cpm respectively, but the counts were lower than those obtained by the above method. Females which were engorged with the blood of a mouse to which 100μc were injected intraperitoneally 10 hours before, also gave the average count of 113.9μc above the background counts.View full abstractDownload PDF (459K) -
Makoto TakeiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 19-23
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relation between oviposition of fly and fish was studied. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1) Flies laid many eggs on stale fish, head and gill. In the case of stale fish they preferred white colour muscle than red or intermediate color one. They averted the fish having lower water content, red muscle and even surface of meat. 2) Flies laid few eggs on fish which were treated with various kinds of flavour (cinnamon, pimenta, cardamon, nutmeg), smoking liquor, asunaron, hinokitiol and amino acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
Yukio Oshio, Makiko IkeuchiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 24-27
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the former paper, the authors reported that the house-fly, Musca domestica vicina, emerged out of the animal fecal material, especially in a large number out of the feces of swine. In this experiment, the relation between feces of cattle, horses and swine under the same condition and the development of house-fly larvae was investigated. The fecal materials with 25 eggs of the house-fly were put into a glass column, 3.5cm in diameter and 12cm in depth, and were incubated at 30℃. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The quality of the media was compared by the weight and the rate of the pupae bred out of the media. 2. Fresh feces of the animals were dried in the room temperature to keep the amount of water in feces on the equal level. The mixture of each 5g of the dried feces and 20ml of water was used as the media for larvae of the house-fly. The pupation rate and weight of pupa were fairly better and heavier with the feces of swine than with those of cattle and horses. 3. When 5g of feces were added with 2g of pepton, more pupae were bred in all cases than in feces alone. It was specially remarkable with the feces of horses. But pupae were scarcely bred out of the media of pepton alone. 4. The development of the larvae was influenced by the oldness of the feces. In old feces of cattle and horses the larvae scarcely developed, while in cases of swine the larvae emerged well both in old and new feces.View full abstractDownload PDF (519K) -
Syoziro Asahina, Kazuki Ogata, Yoshiko Noguchi, Seijiro Uchida, Masako ...Article type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 28-31
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring 1961 poliomyelitis epidemic in Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, we had an opportunity to survey poliomyelitis viruses of flies, cockroaches and some other associated materials obtained in the epidemic area. For the period of 12 to 18 June, collection was made in Tensui, Yatsushiro-city and Hitoyoshi-city, where the cases of poliomyelitis had been seen more abundant. The names and the numbers of the flies and the cockroaches, which were collected and used for virus survey, are shown in Table 1 and 2, respectively. Of 2, 290 individuals of the adult flies, 20 individuals of the fly larvae, 61 individuals of the cockroaches and 7 materials obtained from their breeding site, were tested, 17 samples of 933 flies belong to 17 species and 11 samples of the other materials for isolation of poliomyelitis viruses. Tube cultures of monkey kidney cell were used. Of 28 tested samples, one proved positive for poliomyelitis virus, which belongs to the type 2. This sample was composed of five adult flies of Chrysomya megacephala trapped in Hitoyoshi-city.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Satoru Miyazaki, Susumu Yoshida, Hitoshi MonmaArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 32-36
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe studies were made by topical application and larvae-dipping method in two strains (a moderate-resistant, and a susceptible) of house flies (Musca dometica) to determine whether the mixtures of Diazinon and Dibrom, Diazinon and DDVP, and Diazinon and Ronnel indicated synergism. The mixtures each cantaining Diazinon+Dibrom, +DDVP and+Ronnel at various ratios indicated slight synergistic or similar action in the Diazinon-resistant strain, while they gave independent or similar action to the susceptible one. From the results obtained, a mixture of Diazinon and DDVP was the best against both of the Diazinon-resistant adults and larvae of house flies. The problem as to how the mixture compounds could confer synergism to the Diazinon-resistant fllies was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Takeshi Suzuki, Tokuko Umino, Kiyoshi MizutaniArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the residual effects of several Baytex formulations, i.e. 10% granule, 5% granule, 2% granule, 1% floating dust, 5% emulsifiable concentrate and 1% oil solution, on larvae of mosquito, Culex pipiens s. l. and to assess the amount of toxicants released into water from 5% Baytex granule with bioassay tests. 2) Among the above six formulations, 5% granule, 1% oil solution and 5% emulsifiable concentrate were superior in residual effect, being effective to larvae for 15 to 23 days after the application of 1 ppm of active ingredients. 3) With the application of 2 ppm of Baytex in 5% granular formulation, the release of toxicants into water was slower during the initial week, active during the following week and slower again thereafter. After the release the toxicants in water decreased with elapse of time. The amount of Baytex existing in water were shown to be the maximum in two or three weeks after the treatment. 4) Leaving 5% Baytex granule in water together with soil, the amount of Baytex in water was assessed to be far less than that without soil and decreased with elapse of time, though it was approximately 27 times of LC-90 of Baytex to 1st instar larvae after one day and 2.4 times even after four weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Akira Wada, Kiyoshi Mizutani, Hideko Matsunaga, Takeshi SuzukiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 43-47
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Field experiments on the effects of several Baytex formulations, especially of 5% granule, on larvae of Culex pipiens s.l. in ditches and artificial containers were carried out in Kawasaki, Amami Island and Tokyo, Japan, from August to December, 1962. 2) By the application of 5% Baytex granule to ditches at the rate of 2 ppm of active ingredients to volume of water, all the larvae and pupae dis-appeared after two or three days. Reappearance occurred after 15 days in 1st or 2nd instar larvae, after 17 days in 3rd or 4th instar larvae and after 18 to 20 days or thereafter in pupae. The intervals of the application of the granules should be of 17 to 20 days in practical control of the larvae, being far longer than the other chemicals such as diazinon emulsions. 3) By the application of 5% Baytex granule to artificial containers at the rate of 2 ppm of active ingredients to volume of water, effective period was 6 weeks in one case and more than 13 weeks in the other case, being far longer than that in ditches.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Syoziro Asahina, Kazuo Yasutomi, Yoshisato Inoue, Kazuki Ogata, Mitsuo ...Article type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 48-52
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSimilar to our 1961 autumn experiment, a series of tests, in order to critically check the residual effect of several organophosphorus insecticides, were carried out using several summer-huts located at Shiroyama camp-site in Hachicji, west of Tokyo. 1. During May-June period of 1962, difference between normal and diazinon-resistant strains of houseflies exposed to 0.5% diazinon residue was clearly recognized. Against diazinon-resistant flies the residues of 0.5% Nankor (Ronnel), 0.5% DDVP and 0.5% Dibrom gave a higher kill than that of diazinon, but a slight cross-resistance with diazinon would not be denied. 2. During September-October period of 1962, the efficiency of Nankor and Dibrom was further observed. Against both normal and diazinon-resistant strains Dibrom was slightly superior to Nankor when tested at 24 hours after the spray, but vice versa after seven days. Both the insecticides showed greater efficiency in the huts located in the forest than in the huts standing in open grassy place. A similar tendency was recognized with our previous experiments using DDT and γ-BHC. 3. Throughout both the test periods it may be concluded that under a warmer environment, where the daytime temperature rises up to 30℃, the residual effect of organophosphorus insecticides does not last more than 15 days after the spray.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Sadao Fujito, Kazuo Buei, Tosihisa Saito, Tomio Niihara, Shozo Tsujimo ...Article type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 53-57
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field test of fly and mosquito control using Sumithion (O, O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) were carried out during July and August, 1962, in a rural district of Osaka Prefecture. In the dwellings, 200cc of 0.5% kerosene solution of Sumithion per 33m^2 was applied as aerosol. In the barns of live stock, 100cc of 0.5% Sumithion emulsion per a square meter was sprayed on the ceiling and walls. These applications were repeated at intervals of 14 days. While, one liter of 0.1% Sumithion emulsion per a square meter were sprayed over the floors of the barns of live stock, privies and cess pools. The poultry houses, heaps of barnyard manure and dumps were applied with dust of 2% Sumithion. These applications were repeated once a week. In the results, the population of house flies in the dwellings estimated by fly ribbon traps decreased after those applications. This was more remarkable in the barns of live stock than in human dwellings. The decrease was supposed to be attributable mainly to the effect of the larvicide applied over the floors of the barns of live stock. The application of one liter of 0.05% Sumithion emulsion per a square meter was effective to Sarcophagid fly larvae in privies, but the larvae reappeared in 4 or 7 days after the application. The breeding areas of mosquito larvae-ditches, cess pools, small ponds and other pools-was sprayed with 100cc of 0.1% Sumithion emulsion per a square meter. The treatment was effective for the control of larvae. However, the number of mosquitoes captured by the light trap (New Jersey Model) were not decreased. Most of species those captured were supposed to be bred in the neighboring rice-fields of the treated village. Therefore, it must be concluded that the mosquitoes in a village will not be controlled by treating with Sumithion the village area only.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Tetsuya Ohtaki, Tokusei Kato, Katsunosuke Matsumoto, Toyokichi Kuwabar ...Article type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 58-62
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField tests for fly control with several organophosphorus insecticides, i.e. DDVP, Diazinon, Malathion, Nankor, Dibrom and Dipterex, were carried out during 1958 to 1962, in rural destricts of Saitama prefecture, Japan. Ten-or 20-fold dilutions of these insecticide emulsives were treated as residual spray on the ceiling of the dwellings and the cattle barns, and for the breeding sites of house fly 200-or 300-fold dilutions were sprayed in every two weeks. The fly population estimated by paper traps set on the floor decreased remarkably and continuously with any insecticides which were tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
Susumu Saito, Takeji ShiraiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 63-65
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObservation was made on severe harm seemingly caused by Culicoides in Terao, the suburbs of Niigata, at the end of May 1961. Collected Culicoides were 6 species, of which C. epactius was dominant (56.5%). Examination of specimens collected by biting collection and samples brought by the people suggested that the damage was made by C. epactius, C. arakawae, and C. circumscriptus. Harm was found to be severer at the hill, residental area, and fields, particularly in the fine, calm evening of summer. Bited lesions were naked sites of the human body and in some cases other parts covered with hair and dress. In 36 cases, just after biting, sharp itching occurred and was followed by the growth of reddish eruption with fever, around which infiltration was noticed. In most cases, symptoms disappeared several hours to four days after the attack of the insects, whereas scraping the surface of the lesions resulted in forming blister or suppuration to be coured sometimes more than a month later.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Shunnosuke HirasyaArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 65-66
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome experiments were made to show the increasing residual effect of diazinon and Dipterex on house flies and the larvae. Filter paper which soaked with 0.5% kerosene solution at rate of 50cc per square meter and stocked at 24℃for 2, 4 or 6 hours gave higher knockdown effect to the house flies than those for one hour. When the house fly larvae were treated with Dipterex emulsion by dipping method, the larvicidal effects were also raised almost 23 times with the emulsions aged for few days comparing with that prepared immediately after.View full abstractDownload PDF (220K) -
Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 67-
Published: February 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (82K)
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