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Volume 13 (1962)
- Issue 4 Pages 235-
- Issue 3 Pages 185-
- Issue 2 Pages 99-
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Volume 13, Issue 4
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages Cover8-
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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Rokuro KanoArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 235-239
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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Rokuro MasudaArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 240-248
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the fundamental data for the mosquito control operation, successive studies on the seasonal prevalences of larvae and pupae of mosquitoes were carried out during the period from May, 1961 to January, 1962 at 22 model stations in a suburbs of Setagaya district in Tokyo. Stations were divided into three groups as follows : AB-group : grooves of grave stone, water pots (A) and bamboo stumps (B) CD-group : drainages or trenches (C) and nightsoil tanks diluted with water (D) E-group : paddy field and swampy field (Fig.1) In above three groups the dominant species collected were Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (sometimes Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis) respectively. In total 11, 304 mosquitoes belonging 4 genera, 8 species, i.e. Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus, C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. vorax, Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis, Ae. vexans nipponii, Armigeres subalbatus and C. bitaeniorhynchus, were collected (Table 1). The most dominant species was C. pipiens, which occupied 86.6% of whole collection and other species were much smaller in number. Larvae collected were divided into four stages and pupa, of which per cent were shown in Table 1, i.e. the number decrease remarkably with stages advanced. According to the number collected in each month as shown in Table 2, Culex pipiens decrease considerably in August and in September, and on the contrary C. vorax increased in the same period. Larvae of C. pipiens existed even under -8℃ and survived until Jan. 12 (Tables. 4 and 6). C. pipiens was found in all stations except bamboo stumps, but other species seem to lost their breeding sites year by year, especially in the residential area in Tokyo. It may be safely concluded that C. pipiens is now the most important species for inhabitants in this area from the standpoints of long period of appearance, universality of breeding sites and adaptability to the environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (876K) -
Kikuo Matuo, Kiichi UemotoArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 248-252
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rearing experiments of Aldrichina grahami were carried out at five levels of temperatures, i.e. 28.0-34.5℃ (A level), 20.3-26.0℃ (B level), 13.0-19.8℃ (C level), 7.0-13.0℃ (D level) and 2.0-7.0℃ (E level). 1) The results of experiments are shown in Table 1. At A level, rate of pupation was very low, and rate of emergence was 0%. At B, C, D and E levels, larvae developed to the adult stage. The period from hatching to emergence was shortest at B level (17-22 days) and was longer as the level became lower. The mean rate emergence at B, C, D and E levels were 53.0, 76.8, 57.1 and 3.8%, respectively. 2) The results rearing adults are shown in Table 2. The mean longevity of adult was shortest at A level, and longest at C level. The mean longevity of female at each level was longer than that of male at the same level, except one of the groups at A level. Female deposited eggs at A, B and C levels. The periods of their oviposition activity were 5-25, 8-55 and 24-135 days old, respectively. 3) Eggs deposited by adults kept at 15.0-23.0℃ were divided into each level. The hatching rates of the eggs were shown in Table 3. At A, B, C and D levels, eggs hatched of 100, 94-100, 100 and 42-72%, respectively, but eggs divided into E level did not hatch. While, the hatching rate of eggs deposited by adults kept at A level was only 43% at the same level. 4) From the results mentioned above, it is summarized that Aldrichina grahami repeats their successive generations at the range of about 13.0-26.0℃.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Yukio Oshio, Makiko Ikeuchi, Shoji MaedaArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 253-258
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe farm manure is one of the most important sources in which breed flies in ordinary farm houses. In order to know what species of flies are bred in animal feces, the major material of the manure, the seasonal occurrence of flies was observed at the National Institute of Animal Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Chiba City, during the period from June 1960 to May 1961. In this experiment, the fecal materials of cattle, horses, swine and goats were used. The flies were bred in a pot of 11cm in diameter and 12cm in depth filled with the fecal materials. All of the emerged Diptera from the fecal materials were classified into 11 families and 14 species as shown in Table 2. The fly species, which are important for the public health and emerge in a great number, were the four, such as Musca domestica vicina, Muscina stabulans, Fannia canicularis and Stomoxys calcitrans. The majority of Musca domestica vicina emerged out during the period from June to October. This species emerged out from every animal fecal material, and especially in a large number from the feces of swine followed by those of horses. Many of Stomoxys calcitrans emerged out from the fecal materials of cattle and goats. The emergence of flies increased in the case of the feces mixed with feeds than that of the feces alone. The tendency was especially remarkable in Musca domestica vicina.View full abstractDownload PDF (637K) -
Makoto TakeiArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 258-261
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of several fly repellent odours set with fish meat were observed in this experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows; Flies averted odours of anise oil, citronella oil, cerely, clove, formic acid, caproic acid, turpentine oil, MGK 326 and dibutylphtarate which were set with fish meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Kazuki Ogata, Minoru MiharaArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 262-267
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of estimating the population size, or of evaluating the effect of control operation against domiciliary cockroaches, the so called "butter-trap" has been generally used in Japan. Glass bottles, plastic pots and jars, etc., are generally used as trap, in which some bait is laid and a small amount of butter is thinly smeared inside the trap. The cockroaches attracted to the bait set in the trap are captured by it, being unable to climb up the butter-smeared wall. As the current method seems too insufficient for standard method, the attempt was made to increase the efficiency of the trap. Our experiment was conducted using German cockroaches liberated in a large metal case under laboratory condition. Fifty samples of various baits were compared in 24 combinations of a unit of 4 samples. Rice bran, barn-yard millet and a kind of commercial poisonous bait relatively attracted more cockroaches than the others. Rice bran may be most suitable for trap bait, because of their attractiveness, availability and cheapness. Cylindrical glass pot of 9cm in diameter and 6cm in depth caught most cockroaches amongst 4 trap vesseles tested. Margarine smeared inside the trap was superior to vaseline. The trap covered outside with sugar-impregnated filter paper gave best catch.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Jun Hara, Minoru HanadaArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 268-270
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
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Yoshisato InoueArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 271-274
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the effect of various insecticides against a kind of poisonous beetle, Paederus fuscipes Curtis, a series of tests was carried out under laboratory condition. Seven insecticides, γ-BHC (lindane), DDT, dieldrin, chlordane, diazinon, malathion and DDVP were tested through a continuous contact method. The test-insects are adults of the poisonous beetle collected from Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Through an experiment using the insecticide impregnated filter paper, it was confirmed that lindane is superior to DDVP in rapidity of knockdown. Using six insecticide dusts, it was further confirmed that the lindane is most excellent in the effect of rapidity; the others are following sequence of descending order in the rapidity : DDT, chlordane, malathion, diazinon, dieldrin. Against this particular pest, it seems that chlorinated hydrocarbons except dieldrin are more effective than organophosphorus insecticides. Dust of above mentioned insecticides treated in the rate of 1.5g per square metre appears to give sufficient result in practical control.View full abstractDownload PDF (508K) -
Yukiko Ito, Sadako Harada, Takeshi SuzukiArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 274-278
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter larval control of blackfly, Simulium aokii, in a stream in Tokyo for 8 years by the application of mixed pastes of DDT 40% and lindane 1.6%, the resistance of larvae has developed highly to DDT and fairly to lindane. The LC-50's given by immersion test for 10 minutes were 7, 300ppm in DDT and 91ppm in lindane. These were far higher than those of blackfly larvae collected from a stream not applied with any chemical, which showed 570ppm and 35ppm of LC-50's in DDT and in lindane, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Satoru Miyazaki, Susumu Yoshida, Hitoshi MonmaArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 279-285
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaboratory tests were conducted on the effectiveness of 6 fly bait products against Diazinon-resistant and susceptible house flies (Musca domestica). A product containing Dimetilan (3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate) as an active substance of a bait product was effective against both of the strains in the laboratory cage tests and superior to other bait products as a whole, i.e., B, containing Dipterex, C, DDVP and Diazinon, D, DDVP, and E, DDVP, but F product containing DDVP and Lindane was as effective against Diazinon-resistant flies as A product. However, in the room test concerning attractiveness and toxicity, A product was superior to F product. D, E and F products indicated high vapor effect. Also in evaluation on duration of effectiveness, A product was excellent. Dimetilan, as a bait treatment, would offer promising results for controlling Diazinon-resistant house flies known in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
Naomitsu Nezu, Yuko Matsuhashi, Tokuko Umino, Seiichi Sasaki, Tamotsu ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 286-289
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn autumn of 1960, the failure of house fly control occurred after residual applications of diazinon in several districts in Ibaraki Prefecture. The following experiments were carried out in laboratory concerning to the resistance of house fly to diazinon or to the other organophosphorus insecticides. 1) By the contact test using filter papers on which diazinon emulsions were applied, the KT 50's of four strains from these districts were 5 to 8 times longer than that of susceptible Takatsuki strain. 2) By the topical application test, the LD 50's of diazinon to these four strains were 15 to 25 times higher than that of Takatsuki strain, thougth only 2 to 3 times resistant or tolerant to malathion and DDVP. 3) The wire-netting method, bringing the flies into contact to residues of diazinon emulsion in wire-netting petri dishes, were proved to be suitable and available for distinguishing resistant strains from susceptible one. 4) The F_1 strains which crossed the resistant strain to susceptible one were intermediately resistant to diazinon and the F_2 slightly decreased the resistance comparing to F_1 strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Kazuo Yasutomi, Shigeru Nakayama, Seiichi Sasaki, Tamotsu Iwahara, Sei ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 290-294
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField control tests against diazinon resistant houseflies by the applications of mixed emulsion and Dimetilan bait were carried out during May 8 to July 14, 1962, in Mihara area of Hokota Village, Ibaraki Prefecture. The results may be summarized as follows : The mixture of diazinon and DDVP, and mixture of diazinon and Dibrom were treated as residual sprays and larvicides in 3 areas; Dimetilan was applied as a bait in 2 areas where houseflies have developed resistance to diazinon. By residual sprays and larvicidal treatments, at 0.25 gram in active ingredients per square metre, the fly population of dwellings estimated by ribbon traps decreased considerably. Application of Dimetilan bait at intervals of 20 days gave satisfactory control effect against the diazinon-resistant flies. Most satisfactory effect was obtained by using a combination of emulsion and Dimetilan bait.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Kazuo Yasutomi, Shigeru Nakayama, Seiichi Sasaki, Tamotsu Iwahara, Kat ...Article type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 295-297
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSControl tests of the diazinon-resistant house fly using Sumithion emulsion were carried out during June 10 to August 4, 1962, in Nebi area of Miho Village, Ibaraki Prefecture. In late 1960, it was found that a notable diazinon-resistance had developed in houseflies of this area. Treatments with Sumithion, at 0.25gram per square metre, were made to cover all the ceilings and breeding-places. The population densities estimated by ribbon traps decreased markedly through the period of the experiment. The effect was superior in an area treated with both residual and larvicide spray to the same treated with residual spray alone.View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
Kiyoshi Mizutani, Shunnosuke HirakosoArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 298-301
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField observations on the effects of residual sprays of sumithion, baytex and dieldrin to the populations of the house fly, the blowfly and the mosquito, Culex pipiens, s.l. were made in Amami Island, southern Japan. The insecticides were sprayed to wall of all houses in 6 villages (each 2 villages for one insecticide) by the ratio of 50ml. per square meter at the dilution of 0.5%. To estimate the populations, the number of egg rafts deposited on the surface of certain water containers were counted for the mosquito, the adhesive fly paper was used for the house fly, and the cage trap method was applied for the blow fly. In the case of baytex, more than 90% reduction in the number of the house fly counts were observed for 44 days in one village and for 30 days in another. The reduction in the egg raft counts of the mosquito were seen for at least 2 months. Sumithion was also effective to reduce the fly population to about 10% level for 30 days, and the reduction lasted for at least 2 months. It was also effective to the blowfly, but its affection on the mosquito were not clearly demonstrated. In the case of dieldrin treatment, the reductions in the population for all of the three insects were seen in one of the villages while unusual increase after treatment was seen in others.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Takeshi Suzuki, Kiyoshi MizutaniArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 302-305
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of a new organophosphorus insecticide, Sumithion, O, O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphate, to housefly, Musca domestica vicina, and common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, was assessed by several test methods. The LD-50's to adult housefly and mosquito by topical application tests were 0.0653μg per female fly and 0.00195μg per female mosquito, respectively. The LC-50's to larvae and pupae of mosquito by dipping tests were 0.0291ppm and 0.650ppm, respectively. The KT-50's to adult housefly and mosquito by contact tests to the residues of 263mg per square meter treatment were 101 and 75 minutes, respectively. Sumithion was highly effective to housefly and mosquito, especially to the latter, though not so rapid in knockdown to both fly and mosquito.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
Takeshi Suzuki, Kiyoshi MizutaniArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 306-310
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaboratory experiments were carried out to assess the residual effect of 10 insecticides, i.e., lindane, dieldrin, diazinon, malathion, Dibrom, DDVP, Dipterex, ronnel, Baytex, Sumithion to larvae of Culex pipiens using glass vessels. The effective weeks during which 3.2ppm emulsions showed the mortality over 90% were 37 weeks in Sumithion, 31 weeks in ronnel, 33 weeks in Baytex, 19 weeks in diazinon, 33 weeks in lindane, 3 weeks in dieldrin, 5 weeks in Dipterex and DDVP, a week in malathion and less than a week in Dibrom. The persistency index, C_i, was calculated from the following formula : C_i=A/(B_i)×100 A : LC-50 immediately after diluting the emulsifiable concentrate. B_i : LC-50 i weeks after the dilution. The persistency of insecticidal emulsions obtained from the above index descended in the following order : lindane (C_<26> : approximately 40), Baytex, dieldrin and diazinon (C_<39> : 1.5-6), Sumithion and ronnel (C_<37> : 0.4-0.5), Dipterex, DDVP and malathion (C_<9-10> : 0.1-0.3), and Dibrom (C_1 : approximately 0.2).View full abstractDownload PDF (438K) -
Takeshi SuzukiArticle type: Article
1962 Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 311-312
Published: November 30, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor assessing the effect of insecticides to mosquito larvae, the dipping method would widely be adopted. In these tests, the LC-50's of Baytex given in the author's laboratory was extremely diverse; in one case it was approximately 0.2ppm, and in the other case it was 0.002 to 0.004ppm. After some researches aiming the reason, the author was led to the conclusion that chlorine in tap-water used in the tests oxidized Baytex to some materials far less effective than the former compound. The detail will be reported in the near future in English.View full abstractDownload PDF (286K)
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