Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 51, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.Cover9
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages Cover10-
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.Cover10
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages App6-
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.App6
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  • Integrated management of rice field vector mosquitoes : proposal for the horizontal integration concept
    Motoyoshi MOGI
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 161-167
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.161
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    Control of vector mosquitoes breeding in rice fields is important in rice production areas which are still expanding worldwide. Control of rice field mosquitoes is difficult due to the extensive rice field areas including natural, artificial and social heterogeneity and wide flight ranges of the adult mosquitoes. Although the necessity of integrated management has been well recognized, there have been established no practical methodologies for rice field mosquito control. With the hope of overcoming this situation, I propose a concept of horizontal integration. Heterogeneity and wide flight ranges are prerequisites for implementation of horizontal integration. The salient feature of horizontal integration is to practice a single control measure at each subarea (for example, one village) but at all subareas throughout the entire target area. Each subarea selects a single measure that is easiest to be implemented there technically and also from socio-economic aspects so that control measures are not overlapped in each subarea. This contrasts with vertical integration in which multiple control measures are overlapped at one locality. For control of rice field mosquitoes and diseases transmitted by them, horizontal integration has advantages with respect to control effectiveness, practicability, economy, biodiversity preservation and community participation.
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  • Detection, isolation and characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Leptotrombidium intermedium
    Hiroshi URAKAMI, Mamoru TAKAHASHI, Hitoko MISUMI, Koji OKUBO, Teruyuki ...
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 169-177
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.169
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    Unfed trombiculid mites were collected from endemic areas for detection and isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi. The mites were compressed between a pair of slide glasses to make samples of the cuticles and smears of the tissues. Mite species were identified by observation of the cuticles, and infection with O. tsutsugamushi was examined in the tissues by improved immunofluorescent microscopy. The microorganisms were detected not only in Leptotrombidium pallidum but also in 0.17% of L. intermedium collected in Kyoto Prefecture. One strain of O. tsutsugamushi was isolated from 146 L. intermedium collected in Niigata Prefecture. Analyses of virulence to mice, antigenicity and nucleotide sequence of the 56 KDa type-specific antigen gene indicated that the isolate is closely related to a strain isolated from a patient in Niigata.
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  • Differences in properties in respirational physiology among some chironomid species of the genus Polypedilum
    Koichiro KAWAI, Satomi HAYASHI, Hiromichi IMABAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 179-185
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.179
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    Five chironomid species of the genus Polypedilum were examined for their larval oxygen consumption rates, survival in anaerobic conditions, and contents and compositions of Hb by laboratory experiments. They showed different respirational properties in accordance with their respective habitat conditions. The mean oxygen consumption rate was the highest for P. masudai, an oligotrophic lake species, and the lowest for P. nubifer, an eutrophic lake species. The mean survival rate of P. asakawaense, another species from oligotrophic waters, was decreased to about 10% within 10hrs after anaerobic exposure whereas that of P. nubifer remained about 15% even 40hrs after exposure. Fifty % survival time was the longest for P. nubifer and the shortest for P. asakawaense. P. masudai had a similar Hb pattern to P. japonicum in PAGE. None of the other 3 species showed a similar pattern to the former two species, and remarkable differences were observed among the 3 species. Some Hb bands were common to two to all species whereas some were specific to a particular species. Hb contents under the rearing condition of 0.4% milk-containing agar were about twice and 1.4 times higher than those under the condition of 0.08% milk for P. asakawaense and for P. nubifer, respectively. Hb content under the condition of 2% milk was lower than those under the conditions of 0.08 and 0.4% milk for P. cultellatum. Some Hb bands appeared with the increase of milk content for all 3 species examined, suggesting their roles in an efficient transportation of oxygen molecules from oxygen-poor environments.
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  • Insecticide resistance of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) in poultries, with special reference to the yearly changes in resistance levels
    Kazuo YASUTOMI, Yasuhiro TOMIOKA
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 187-194
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.187
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    Insecticide resistance of houseflies inhabiting a poultry ranch in Hachinohe City, Aomori Prefecture was studied from 1982 to 1998. An outbreak of houseflies in 1989 proved to be highly resistant to permethrin, with the LD_<50> value of 67 times that of the susceptible fly. They were also resistant to organophosphorus (OP) compounds. The LD_<50> value of the field-collected colony in 1989 increased 140 times the resistance ratio for permethrin by succesive treatments of permethrin for 5 generations (Hachinohe R). Houseflies taken from a poultry ranch in Tojo Cho, Hiroshima Prefecture showed drastic development of permethrin-resistance, with the LD_<50> value of 10.1μg per female (673 times that of the susceptible fly). The testing result on the Hachinohe R strain indicates that a recessive kdr gene might participate to develop pyrethroid-resistance. The resistance ratios to Insect Growth Regulators were low or moderate.
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  • The effect of photoperiod on growth in the Japanese cockroach, Periplaneta japonica (Karny)
    Motoko IWASAKI
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 195-204
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.195
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    In order to clarify the effect of photoperiod on growth in the Japanese cockroach, Periplaneta japonica (Karny), an experiment was carried out under different photoperiods at 20℃ and 25℃. In the short photoperiod (LD 8 : 16hr or LD 12 : 12hr), the development in the younger nymphal stages was retarded. In the photoperiod of 13hrs or longer, the ratio of adult emergence was the highest at LD 16 : 8hr. But the development of some of nymphs was retarded in the middle or older nymphal stages. When nymphs in prolonged 3rd or 4th nymphal stage were transferred from LD 8 : 16hr to LD 16 : 8hr photoperiodic shifts, they began to emerge again within two weeks. On the contrary, when 5th nymphs were transferred from long-day to short-day, the development in 8th or 9th (final) instar was retarded. Moreover, when some of them were transferred to long-day again, the adult emergence was accelerated and more synchronized. When the final or extra instar nymphs were transferred from outdoor conditions to experimental conditions during the winter months, the twice-overwintering nymphs required longer time for adult emergence in LD 13 : 11hr than LD 14 : 10hr at the beginning of winter especially. Contrarily, there was no significant difference in the once-overwintering nymphs between LD 13 : 11hr and LD 14 : 10hr. It was suggested that there was a difference in intensity of diapause between twice-overwintering nymphs and one-overwintering ones. On the other hand, it seemed that photoperiod did not affect the stage of the embryonic development.
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  • Tempo-spatial variation in feeding activity and density of Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) at peridomestic habitat in Nagasaki, Japan
    Yukiko HIGA, Yoshio TSUDA, Nobuko TUNO, Masahiro TAKAGI
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 205-209
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.205
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    To clarify the tempo-spatial variation in feeding of Aedes albopictus, a field investigation was conducted in a field where the species heavily infested, in Nagasaki. Feeding activity was observed in the nighttime as well as at dawn and dusk. The density was high at sites with vegetation and low at sites without vegetation and indoors. At sites with vegetation, the proportion of females decreased at dawn and dusk, while it increased at sites without vegetation and indoors. Feeding activity in nighttime is possibly common in Ae. albopictus, and the place of feeding expands from sites with vegetation to sites without vegetation and indoors at dawn and dusk.
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  • Reason for the recent increase of roof rat infestation in residential areas in Tokyo
    Tatsuo YABE, Ryo ASAI, Yukihiko TAKAGI, Kenichi KOHSAKI
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 211-213
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.211
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    We surmised that the dispersal of roof rats, Rattus rattus, from commercial areas was the primary cause of the recent increase of rat infestation in residential areas in the center of Tokyo. Questionnaires received from 322 residences randomly chosen in Shinagawa Ward proved that roof rats had invaded 75 (23.3%) of them within the past two years. Detached houses with roof rat infestation were significantly closer to commercial areas than those without rodent invasion (P=0.016).
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  • Transectional distribution patterns of chironomid larvae in estuaries
    Koichiro KAWAI, Shingo MORIHIRO, Hiromichi IMABAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 215-220
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.215
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    Transectional distributions of chironomid larvae were investigated at 14 sampling stations covering the estuaries of 7 rivers, all flowing into Hiroshima Bay. Benthic sediments were quantitatively sampled at 3 different levels along the transectional line at each station, i. e., a submerged level at ebb (S), a water level at ebb (Z) and a dried-up level at ebb (D), and emerging male adults from the sediment samples were identified. A total of 183 males, belonging to 31 species, were collected. Procladius simplicistilus, Rheopelopia eximia, Cricotopus bicinctus, C. bimaculatus, Paratrichocladius rufiventris, Chironomus salinarius, Dicrotendipes enteromorphae, Nilothauma brayi and Tanytarsus yunosecundus occurred only in S. Chironomus nipponensis, Polypedilum masudai and Stictochironomus pictulus occurred only in Z. Cricotopus sylvestris, Paratendipes tamayubai, Polypedilum japonicum, Cladotanytarsus vanderwulpi and Tanytarsus unagiseptimus occurred only in D. On the other hand, Chironomus kiiensis, C. yoshimatsui and Dicrotendipes flexus occurred in all the levels. These results suggest that there are transectional habitat-segregations in estuaries among the species in relation to their resistance to salinity and dessication.
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  • Tick collection from wild birds and detection of Lyme disease spirochetes from a new avian reservoir in Japan
    Kenji MIYAMOTO, Toshiyuki MASUZAWA, Midori KUDEKEN
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 221-226
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.221
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    Five species of ticks consisted of 3 genera were collected from 30 species of wild birds of 12 families in 1993-1999 in Japan. From those ticks, the fresh tick was examined for Lyme disease spirochetes. The agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia garinii, was isolated from the larval stage of Ixodes persulcatus ticks fed on Emberiza rustica and E. spodocephala in Morioka, Iwate Prefecture. This is a newly recorded avian reservoir for Lyme disease spirochete in the northern part of Honshu Island of Japan.
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  • First record of Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965 (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) from a Cervus nippon yesoensis in Hokkaido, northern Japan
    Shinichiro FUKUMOTO, Ken HOMAREDA, Masami NIIYAMA, Hitoshi SASAKI, Tos ...
    Article type: Article
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 227-230
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.227
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    Adult louseflies were collected from body surface of a Cervus nippon yesoensis captured at Hidaka, Hokkaido, northern Japan, in 1997. These flies were studied morphologically and identified as Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965 (Diptera : Hippoboscidae). This is the first report of geographical distribution and also a new host subspecies of the genus Lipotena in Hokkaido, Japan.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 231-233
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.231
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages App7-
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.App7
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages Cover11-
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.Cover11
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    2000 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages Cover12-
    Published: September 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: August 09, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.Cover12
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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