Medical Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 2185-5609
Print ISSN : 0424-7086
ISSN-L : 0424-7086
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Volume 37, Issue 4
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.Cover14
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Ecological studies on tabanid flies at the horse-breeding center of Hidaka District in Hokkaido : 1. Areal distribution of adult tabanid flies along the basin of the Horobetsu River
    Hirofumi HAYAKAWA, Takeshi MATSUMURA, Tsutomu HASEGAWA, Tohru INAOKA, ...
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 305-309
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.305
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    Tabanid flies in blood-sucking activity were captured by CO_2-lured mosquito-net traps which were set at 6 sampling sites along the basin of the Horobetsu River at the horse-breeding center of Hidaka District in Hokkaido for 2 days in the early August of 1976. In total 2,726 female flies of 16 species were captured in the area with a marked predominancy of Tabanus nipponicus and T. chrysurus. Number of species and flies were more numerous in the upstream to midstream than in the downstream, though number of flies greatly fluctuated among the sites. T. chrysurus and Haematopota tristis were most abundant in the upstream where forestlands spread, but T. nipponicus and T. trigonus were predominantly abundant in the midstream to downstream where pasturelands developed. The abundance of flies was not directly related to the richness of blood-sources in this region, but rather depended on the existence of larval habitats in each sampling site.
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  • Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera : Simuliidae) : 9. Fauna of blackflies in Gunma Prefecture
    Katsumi SAITO, Akihiro KANAYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 311-317
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.311
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    The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Gunma Prefecture were investigated by collecting the early stages of flies from streams at 66 sites in July and August of 1984. A total of 4,684 larvae and 550 pupae belonging to 2 genera and 19 species, including three unknown species, were collected at 57 sites. Eleven species, Simulium (Eusimulium) konoi, S. (E.) mie, S. (E.) subcostatum, S. (E.) uchidai, S. (Boophthora) yonagoense, S. (Gomphostilbia) omutaense, S. (G.) shogakii, S. (Gnus) bidentatum, S. (Simulium) kawamurae, S. (S.) nikkoense, and S. (S.) rufibasis were newly recorded from Gunma Prefecture. Predominant species was S. (S.) japonicum (43.6%) followed by S. (E.) uchidai (17.7%), S. (O.) iwatense (11.3%), and S. (E.) subcostatum (7.9%). Species most widely distributed from the lowland to the highland were S. (S.) japonicum, S. (E.) subcostatum, S. (E.) uchidai, and S. (E.) mie.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 318-
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.318
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  • Experimental infections of three Guatemalan blackfly species with north Venezuelan Onchocerca volvulus
    Hiroyuki TAKAOKA, Isao TADA, Yoshihisa HASHIGUCHI, Minoru BABA, Masata ...
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 319-323
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.319
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    The larval development of the north Venezuelan Onchocerca volvulus in the 3 Guatemalan simuliid species, i.e. Simulium callidum, S. ochraceum and S. haematopotum was experimentally studied, as compared with that in S. metallicum, the natural vector in the northern Venezuela. All these 3 species ingested as many microfilariae as did the Venezuelan S. metallicum, while feeding on the infected volunteer. However, most microfilarine ingested by S. ochraceum and S. haematopotum were found damaged probably due to the buccopharyngeal armature. The subsequent migration of the microfilariae occurred in 20% S. callidum but very rarely in the other 2 species, while it took place in 76% S. metallicum. At 22℃, third-stage larvae were found in 8% S. callidum and 3% S. haematopotum, but not in all the 51 S. ochraceum examined 9-14 days postfeeding. In contrast, they were found in 16 or 29% of S. metallicum from Venezuela. Overall, it was indicated that beside S. metallicum, the 2 other Guatemalan blackfly species, S. callidum and S. haematopotum, can, despite the low rates, support larval development of the north Venezuelan O. volvulus to the third stage. Our data do not seem to support the assumption that there is mutual incompatibility of O. volvulus to tee vectors between Guatemala and ncrth Venezuela.
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  • Ecological studies on ixodid ticks : 1. Ixodid ticks on vegetations and wild animals at the low mountain zone lying south-western part of Saitama Prefecture
    Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO, Noboru YAMAGUTI, Mamoru TAKAHASHI
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 325-331
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.325
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    In order to clarify the component species of ixodid ticks in the low mountain zone, surveys of ixodid ticks on wild animals were made from 1976 throught1984,and on vegetations by flagging method from 1981 through 1983,in the southwestern area of Saitama Prefecture. 1. On vegetations, 25,086 ticks of five species belonging to two genera were collected. Haemaphysalis flava (all stages) was the predominant species, which constituted 96.8% of the total flagging collection, and was followed by Ixodes ovatus (adults), I. nipponensis (larvae, nymphs, adults), I. turdus (larvae, nymphs), and I. tanuki (adults). 2. From medium-sized mammals, 5,065 ticks of seven species belonging to two genera were collected. H. flava (larvae, nymphs, adults) occupied 98.8% of the total parasitic ticks, and was followed by I. tanuki (adults), I. nipponensis (adults), I. persulcatus (adults), I. ovatus (larvae, adults), larval Ixodes sp. LC, and nymphal Ixodes sp. NS. 3. From wild mice and moles, 104 immature Ixodes ticks of four species were collected. I. ovatus constituted 63.5%, and I. nipponensis, I. persulcatus, and larval Ixodes sp. LY followed it. Any stages of H. flava were not collected from small mammals. 4. One thousand, three hundred and nineteen Kanahebi lizards, Takydromus tachydromides, were also surveyed from 1982 through 1984,and 1934 larvae and 730 nymphs of I. nipponensis were collected. Average percentage of parasitized lizards was 67.5%, which was much higher than that of small mammals of the survey area.
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  • Ecological studies on the overwintering of mosquitoes, especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles in Osaka Prefecture : 1. Notes on the dry ice- and emergence-trapping in spring at terraced rice field areas, 1967-1975
    Kazuo BUEI, Sadao NAKAJIMA, Sumiyo ITO, Hiroshi NAKAMURA, Masahiro YOS ...
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 333-340
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.333
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    During the spring of 1967-1975,overwintered mosquitoes were collected by using dry ice-traps at terraced rice field areas of 14 localities in Osaka Prefecture. More Culex tritaeniorhynchus were collected from izumi-Mibayasi area than from any other areas. The collection site at Izumi-Mibayasi area was on the terrace in the middle of the River Makio, and characterized by clusters of the eulalia Miscanthus sinensis along the banks between terraced rice fields. Eighty-four emergence-traps were placed over the side of grassy banks or stone walls between rice fields in the early spring of 1968-1970. None of the traps yielded any Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. One trap yielded a single female of Cx. pipiens pallens each at Simamoto area and Higasiosaka-Kamisizyo area. At Izumi-Mibayasi area one trap yielded two females of Cx. pipiens pallens plus five females of Anopheles sinensis, and another yielded two females of An. sinensis. A total of 99 pools of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (5,075 females) were inoculated into suckling mice. No virus was isolated.
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  • Ecological studies on the overwintering of mosquitoes, especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles in Osaka Prefecture : 2. Physiological age composition of overwintered females and population density of adults and larvae in autumn
    Sumiyo ITO, Kazuo BUEI, Masahiro YOSHIDA, Hiroshi NAKAMURA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 341-347
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.341
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    Overwintered females of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, which is the most important vector of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, were collected by using dry ice-traps from March to June at Izumi-Mibayasi area in Osaka Prefecture, 1967-1975. Ovarian dissections revealed that almost all of the females just having emerged from hibernation were nulliparous. From the beginning of September to the first week of October the numbers of host-seeking females of tritaeniorhynchus collected with the CO_2 baited light trap continued to decrease to zero. However, autumnal build-up of its larval population was observed. These results indicated that in the fall few newly-emerged females were developing an appetite for blood. From these results above mentioned, it is not likely that JE virus overwinters in the bodies of tritaeniorhynchus females.
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  • Ecological studies on the overwintering of mosquitoes, especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles in Osaka Prefecture : 3. Comparative study of seasonal prevalence of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the hill-side and in a plain area of rice-field
    Kazuo BUEI, Sumiyo ITO, Masahiro YOSHIDA, Hiroshi NAKAMURA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 349-355
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.349
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    From April to June Culex tritaeniorhynchus females were collected by dry ice-traps at overwintering site in Izumi-Mibayasi area and also by using sucking tube and net at cow-shed in Izumi-Kurotori area, Osaka Prefecture, 1967-1972. The collection site in Izumi-Mibayasi area was located on terraced rice field area along River Makio, where there were no animal sheds in the immediate vicinity. The cow-shed in Izumi-Kurotori area was situated on a plain area having developed rice-fields, which are the main larval breeding place of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus about 5.5km down the River Makio from Izumi-Mibayasi area. Ovarian dissections revealed that all of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus females collected early in season in the cow-shed were nulliparous. The date for the earliest catch of overwintered Cx. tritaeniorhynchus females was later in Izumi-Kurotori area than in Izumi-Mibayasi area in every year. It may be concluded that a plain area was not the substantial overwintering place of this mosquito. There was a correlation between the number of overwintered females and that of newly-emerged females in Izumi-Kurotori area. But in Izumi-Mibayasi area, the number of overwintered females did not much influence the population density in a new generation. We would say that blood source in a large area of larval breeding place takes the most important part in the population growth of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus.
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  • Insecticide-resistance of Anopheles sinensis and Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Saitama Prefecture, Japan
    Kazuo YASUTOMI, Kenichi URABE, Yoshito WADA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 357-362
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.357
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    The present paper deals with the results of the resistance tests on two species of mosquitoes, Anopheles sinensis and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, collected from the suburb of Omiya City, Saitama Prefecture in 1984. The larvae of both species showed high resistance to malathion and fenitrothion with the LC_<50> values of 13-20ppm. Increased resistance to temephos and fenthion was discovered in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the LC_<50> values being 52.0ppm for temephos and 31.6ppm for fenthion, but only low resistance was indicated in An. sinensis, the LC_<50> values being 0.112ppm for temephos and 0.178ppm for fenthion. As regards carbamates higher LC_<50> values were observed in An. sinensis than in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Against permethrin An. sinensis was less susceptible than Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The adults of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were highly resistant to fenthion, the LD_<50> being 17.0μg, as compared with 0.037μg for An. sinensis. Between the two colonies of An. sinensis tested, Saitama colony was slightly more resistant to the insecticides than Nagasaki colony established in 1972. To pursue the relationship between OP resistance and esterase activity, the agar gel thin layer electrophoresis method was carried out by using the adults of An. sinensis and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The esterase bands that hydrolyze β-naphthylacetate showed higher activities in the resistant colonies compared with the susceptible strains. Saitama colony of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus showed markedly high esterase activity.
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  • Studies on tsutsugamushi by Tullgren's funnel method : 1. Evaluation of the method and distribution of Leptotrombidium pallidum in the residential areas
    Kimito UCHIKAWA, Nobuo KUMADA, Atsushi TAGUCHI, Tatsuya NAKATSUKA, Aki ...
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 363-370
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.363
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    Regardless of the presence or absence of nest holes or other living signs of field rodents, soil samples (each with a volume of ca. 2,000(cm)^3) were dug out with a quadrate steel frame (20cm×20cm×5cm) at the selected sites in Nagano Prefecture. These samples were placed in the modified Tullgren's funnels for separating chigger mites. Chiggers obtained from the soil differed to some extent in the species composition from those found on the field mouse, Apodemus speciosus, livetrapped concurrently in the respective survey sites. At Matsumoto City, for example, Leptotrombidium intermedium was predominant among the chigger species in the soil, followed by L. pallidum, L. palpale, and Gahrliepia saduski; whereas, L. fuji was noticeably numerous among the chiggers found on A. speciosus. Species composition in the soil samples, however, varied according to the areas surveyed. Numbers of chiggers in the soil samples were usually less than those found on the wild rodents; but this alone could not be a serious drawback of the soil sampling. Rather, soil samples seem to give the better epidemiological information, because the samples taken from the sites haunted by the residents such as foot-paths between cultivated fields or grasslands around the dwelling quarters in Miasa Village and Iida City, where we could hardly trap the wild rodents, yielded a number of L. pallidum larvae, the most probable vector in this prefecture, besides several other chigger species. Such infiltrating distribution of L. Pallidum into the residential areas as evidenced in this report may give a positive explanation for the risk of contracting tsutsugamushi disease in such areas.
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  • A preliminary study on fluorescent antibody method for individual quantification of chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus
    Hiroshi YAMANISHI, Eiji KONISHI
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 371-375
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.371
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    A focus counting method using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique was adopted to demonstrate the multiplication of chikungunya virus in individual Aedes albopictus mosquito of large numbers. The number of foci was counted 20hr after the inoculation of test samples into BHK-21 cells and the amount of virus was expressed semiquantitatively as -, +, 2+, 3+ and 4+. The grade of foci was proportional to the results of plaque assay. Most of test specimens with confluent foci (4+) showed (10)^6-(10)^7 PFU/mosquito. Marked differences were observed in the amount of virus in mosquitoes among different strains. percentages of individuals showing 4+ grade foci were 30.0% in Oahu strain and 5.0% in Osaka strain. no high-grade individual was observed in the strains from okinawa, Sendai, Taiwan, Thailand and Indonesia. Rearing conditions for adult mosquitoes tended to affect the occurrence of the high-grade individuals.
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  • Relation between the sites for bloodsucking activity and the larval habitats in tabanid flies at a pasture
    Hirofumi HAYAKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 377-381
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.377
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    Tabanid flies were collected by CO_2-lured mosquito-net traps, which were set at four different altitudes (690,720,760 and 800m) and at two sites with different vegetation (grass and wooded lands) in a pasture in Kitakami Heights of Iwate prefecture, in the summer of 1983. Tabanus chrysurus and T. trigeminus, aquatic in larval habitat, were most abundant at lower altitudes. Hirosia humilis and T. rufidens, terrestrial in wooded lands, were most abundant at middle altitude (760m). T. nipponicus and T. fulvimedioides, terrestrial in open lands, were rather abundant at middle and lowest altitudes in the former, and most abundant at the highest altitude in the latter. Number of species, however, was not greatly varied with the altitude. In this study area marshes are present only at lower altitudes, and grassland develops at higher altitudes. Therefore, the blood-sucking sites for tabanid flies were paralleled to their own larval habitats. As for vegetation, the flies were relatively abundant under similar environments to their larval habitats except for Hi. humilis, which was more abundant in grasslands than in wooded lands.
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  • Note on the geographical distribution of Hybomitra hirticeps (Loew, 1858) with a new record from Hokkaido
    Hitoshi SASAKI, Hirofumi HAYAKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 383-384
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.383
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  • Intertaxonomic variability of wingbeat frequency among sibling taxa within some anopheline species groups in East Asia
    Tozo KANDA, Kenichi OGAWA, Kenji TAKAI
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 385-387
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.385
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  • Studies on flower-visiting and nectar-sucking of tabanid flies : 1. The rate of flies with pollen in each species examined on specimens
    Hirofumi HAYAKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 389-393
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.389
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    To detect the flower-visiting of tabanid flies, the presence of pollen was examined microscopically in the females of 70 species belonging to 10 genera and in the males of 14 species belonging to 6 genera. The rate of species with pollen was 92.9% both in females and males, and the rate of flies with pollen was 20-30% in most species. The species which showed more than 50% of the rate were Stonemyia yezoensis, Silvius shirakii, Si. oshimaensis, Chrysops japonicus, C. nigripes, Hybomitra harai, Atylotus sawadai, A. angusticornis, Tabanus chrysurinus, T. fulvilineus, T. ryukyuensis, Isshikia japonica and I. yajimai in females, and T. taiwanus in males. No conspicuous differences existed in the rate of flies with pollen between females and males and between unautogenous and autogenous species.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 1-3
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.1_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 4-7
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.4
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages Toc1-
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.Toc1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1986 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
    Published: December 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7601/mez.37.Cover16
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