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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
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Tatsuo Yabe
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
259-268
Published: December 10, 2004
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I discussed the relationshps between harming mechanisms and feeding behavior such as commensalism, food habits, water requirements and responses to starbation in Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, R. exulans and Mus musculus. Because of their commensalism they seasonally migrate between houses and the outdoors, and accidentally bring pathogens into houses. R. norvegicus is omnivorous and the others are basically herbivorous. However, they show unusual food habits and, for example, R. rattus eats bark and an excessive amount of insects when starving. Renal functions and food habits prove that R. norvegicus is the most prone to thirst, whereas M. musculus thrives in dry habitats. Feeding behavior is peculiar to rodent spicies and has caracteristic relationship with harming mechanisms. Therefore, feeding behavior of involved species is a key factor to solve harming mechanisms.
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Kazumi NISHIDA
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
269-279
Published: December 10, 2004
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Two new species of the genus Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Fanniidae), Fannia cana sp. nov. and F. rokkoensis sp. nov. are described from Japan. The former specimens were reared from bird's nests, and the latter occurred in mushrooms. Both are members of the glaucescens subgroup of the canicularis group, and are very closely allied to Fannia lineata (Stein). F. pusio (Wiedemann) and F. femoralis Stein are newly recorded from Japan. Both are members of the pusio subgroup of the canicularis group, and native to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions.
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Koichiro KAWAI, Michita HASHIMOTO, Hiromichi IMABAYASHI
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
281-287
Published: December 10, 2004
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The total Hb content and the electrophoretically distinguishable components were compared among 10 species of Chironomus. The respiration rates and the survival rates under anoxia were also evaluated for all species. Although larvae used for experiments were all reared under the same laboratory condition, the Hb content and composition differed interspecifically, suggesting genetic control of Hb production in Chironomus. However, the phylogenetic relationship inferred from a cluster analysis of Hb components differed greatly from the phylogeny based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The phylogenetic congruence suggests that some convergent evolution occurs in Hb composition of some lentic Chironomus species. Among the three factors, respiration rate, total Hb content and Hb diversity, the survival duration under anoxia was significantly correlated with the Hb content and respiration rate. In the species inhabiting a lentic environment where the chironomids are frequently exposed to low oxygen conditions, high respiration rates and high survival rates may be achieved by possession of abundant and specific Hbs compared with the lotic species' Hb.
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Tamara Belzabel Obispo ARGUETA, Hitoshi KAWADA, Masayo SUGANO, Shun-ic ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
289-294
Published: December 10, 2004
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Comparative insecticidal efficacy of metofluthrin, a newly synthesized pyrethroid, and other pyrethroids against several colonies of Asian Culex quinquefas-ciatus (from Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia) was evaluated by topical application. Metofluthrin was the most effective against the four colonies of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The LD50-based relative effective ratio of metofluthrin against d-allethrin was higher in Cx. quinquefasciatus (33.3 to 78.8) than in Cx. pipiens pallens (27.8). The Vietnam colony was the most susceptible among the colonies in the study.
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Hiromu KURAHASHI
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
295-301
Published: December 10, 2004
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One new species of the sarcophagid fly, Metopia togashii sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Honshu, Japan. Two species, Myorhina villeneuvei (Bottcher) and M. tsintaoensis (Ye) are newly recorded for the first time from Japan. These two little known species are redescribed and their male genitalia are illustrated. Surstyli and cerci of the previously known species, Myorhina sexpuncta (Fabricius) and M. olsoufjevi (Rohdendorf), are also illustrated together with those of M. tsintaoensis for identification purposes.
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Yoshiko TAMURA, Yoichiro TSUBAKI, Yutaka TERADA, Mariko KOHMOTO, Tsugi ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
303-311
Published: December 10, 2004
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The efficacy of etoxazole, an insect growth regulator, against Haemaphysalis longicornis was examined by several laboratory tests and field trials. It showed 100% inhibition of egg-hatching at a dose of 1.0μg administration onto engorged female ticks. Against engorged larvae, 100% molting inhibition was observed when the agent was applied at a dose of 0.1μg/cm^2 on a glass dish for 0.5 hr as well as in engorged nymphal tick dosing 0.1μg/cm^2 for 3.5 hr or 1.0μg/cm^2 for 0.5 hr. In the field examination, a solution containing 1.0% of etoxazole was applied onto the back of cattle by the pour-on method. After administration, engorged ticks on the cattle were collected longitudinally and then examined for molting of larvae and nymphs and for hatching of eggs laid by sensitized female ticks. At one-day after administration, inhibition rate was 100% against both molting and hatching. The inhibition effect of the agent gradually decreased but seemed to be maintained for three weeks. The results showed etoxazole inhibited the development of ticks in all of their life-stages and, therefore, it would be a promising agent as an applicable acaricide in the fields.
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Hiroko SATO, Katsumi SAITO, Masako FUKUDA, Masakazu TAKAHASHI, Hiroyuk ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
313-324
Published: December 10, 2004
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Morphological characters of Simulium konoi (Takahasi) so far assigned to the subgenus Simulium (Nevermannia) are revised based on female, male, pupal and larval specimens collected from Tottori (type locality), Oita and Ibaraki, Japan. There was no difference in most morphological characters among the different populations. Simulium konoi is transferred to a Holarctic subgenus Simulium (Boreosimulium), because it has a combination of the subgeneric key characters including arms of furcasternum without any projection directing ventrally, slender male style tapered to pointed apex, paramere with several hooks, and the larval antenna with 3-5 colorless annular bands. This species is easily distinguished from all the 16 known species of the subgenus Boreosimulium by the female cibarium with several oblique rows of denticles, an autoapomorphic character not found so far in other species of Simuliidae.
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Samiron PHUKAN, Mohan Ch KALITA
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
325-327
Published: December 10, 2004
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Seven indigenous plants of the N. E. region of India were subjected to bioassay against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus for screening of their bioactivity. Of the plants tested Ipomoea cornea showed the highest potency with LC50 value of 0.33% followed by Litsea salicifolia with LC50 value of 0.72% against Ae. aegypti.
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Takeo YAMAUCHI, Shigeaki MoRI
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
329-332
Published: December 10, 2004
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From January 2002 to February 2003, a total of 138 ticks representing two species, Haemaphysalis flava Neumann and Ixodes turdus Nakatsuji, were obtained from 15 wild birds comprising 8 species: Strix uralensis Pallas, Phoenicurus auroreus Pallas, Zoothera dauma (Latham), Turdus pallidus Gmelin, Turdus naumanni Temminck, Cettia diphone (Kittlitz), Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Swinhoe, and Emberiza variabilis Temminck, in the eastern part of Shimane Prefecture, Japan. All the ticks were in nymphal and larval stages. We report for the first time the presence of H. flava from P. auroreus and A. bistrigiceps, and I. turdus from Z. dauma and T. naumanni. Ixodes turdus is newly recorded from birds in Shimane Prefecture.
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Wei-Zhong NIE, Jun-Cheng LI, De-Xin LI, Ren-Jie WANG, Norman GRATZ
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
333-335
Published: December 10, 2004
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The possible introduction of potential mosquito vectors of disease from one country to another is a matter of considerable public health concern. Such introductions have occurred both by aircrafts and by ships. A survey was therefore carried out on vessels arriving from abroad at Qinhuangdao Port, P. R. China, to determine whether mosquitoes were aboard the incoming ships. Many of the arriving ships were found positive for mosquitoes with an average rate of positive ships being 56. 81% (417/734). Thirteen species of mosquitoes were identified, but three species, namely: Culex modestus Ficalbi, 1889, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 and Aedes dorsalis (Meigen, 1830) were the dominant mosquito species found. The findings show that introduced mosquitoes may represent a serious problem.
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Adler,P.H., Currie,D.C. and Wood,D.M, The Black Files (Simuliidae) of North America, 2004, xv+941 pages, Cornell University Press, New York, $99.95, ISBN:0801424984(Book Review)
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
339-340
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
341-344
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
345-348
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages
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