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Volume 41 (1990)
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Volume 41, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (102K) -
Hirofumi HAYAKAWA, Kazuto TANAKA, Kazuo IWANE, Nobuo YAMASHITAArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 285-289
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new type of tabanid fly trap which is basically a mosquito-net shape with special collection containers installed inside was constructed, and used with a CO_2-emission apparatus which is run automatically according to temperature, illumination and/or rainfall. When compared with a CO_2-baited mosquito-net trap, the new trap collected 1.8times more tabanid flies.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Mihoko KIKUCHI, Manabu SASAArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 291-329
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe senior author visited Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia, three times during the period from January 1987 to January 1989,for the collection of chironomid midges breeding in and around this lake. The adult midges resting or swarming around the lake were collected during the daytime with insect net or sucking tubes. The midges attracted at night to a battery-operated 6-watt white light were also collected with sucking tubes or insect net. A total of 101 adult males among the collections were mounted on slides with gum-chloral medium and identified. They were classified into 31 species, or 26 species of Chironominae (19 species of Chironomini and 7 species of Tanytarsini) and 5 species of Orthocladiinae (3 species of Orthocladiini and 2 species of Metriocnemini). Among these species, 20 are described in this paper as new species, and 3 among them are considered as to belong to new genera.View full abstractDownload PDF (4508K) -
Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTOArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 331-339
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oviposition, development and survival of Ixodes ovatus were studied at six different humidities (52,68,74,86,95 and 100%) and at 20 and 25℃. At both 20 and 25℃, egg production occurred at 86 to 100% RH, but the mean number of deposited eggs per mg body weight of engorged female was scarce at 86% RH; accordingly, the duration of oviposition was shorter than that at 95-100% RH. The preoviposition period increased with decreasing relative humidity. Hatching of eggs held at 100% RH and 20-25℃ averaged 57.2-63.8%, but reduced to 1.6-17.7% at 95% RH, and none hatched at 86% RH and below. At 95-100% RH and 20-25℃, 45.1-74.3% of engorged larvae molted, but none molted at 86% RH and below. At both 20 and 25℃, molting of engorged nymphs to adults occurred at 86 to 100% RH, but the percentage of molting success was few at 86-95% RH. Weight loss of engorged nymphs increased with decreasing relative humidity. Longevity of unfed larvae, nymphs and adults decreased considerably as the relative humidity was lowered. Unfed larvae and nymphs were less tolerant to desiccating conditions than unfed adults. These results suggest that I. ovatus is more susceptible to desiccating conditions compared with other ixodid ticks, and this would play an important role in the distribution and abundance of this species.View full abstractDownload PDF (762K) -
Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO, Noboru YAMAGUTIArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 341-346
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA survey of ixodid ticks on vegetations by a flagging method was made in the upper montane to subalpine zones (ca. 600-1,800m above sea level) of the Chichibu Mountains, during 1985-1986. Ten species belonging to two genera were collected in the upper montane to subalpine zones. Predominant species was Ixodes ovatus (38.0%), followed by Haemaphysalis kitaokai (22.5%), H. flava (15.3%), I. monospinosus (12.7%), I. persulcatus (9.3%), H. japonica (1.7%), I. acutitarsus (0.05%), I. tanuki (0.02%), and others. In comparison with the lower montane zone (ca. 50-500m above sea level), ixodid fauna of the upper montane to subalpine zones was very rich, reflecting high population density of big mammal hosts such as the Sika deer, Cervus nippon. The seasonal occurrence of four ixodid ticks, H. kitaokai (adult), I. ovatus (adult), I. monospinosus (adult) and I. persulcatus (adult and nymph) on vegetations was investigated in the upper montane to subalpine zones. I. ovatus adults and I. persulcatus adults and nymphs were frequently observed on vegetations from spring through summer, but disappeared in autumn. H. kitaokai adults and I. monospinosus adults showed two peaks of occurrence in spring and autumn.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
Kimitoshi UMEDA, Toshihiko YANO, Masachika HIRANOArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 347-351
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInsecticidal and knock-down activities of fenvalerate optical isomers against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, were determined. [S, S]-isomer showed about 4times higher insecticidal and knock-down activities than racemic fenvalerate. However, the insecticidal activity of [R, S]-isomer was only one-tenth that of racemic fenvalerate, and it showed no knock-down activity. [S, R]- and [R, R]-isomers did not show insecticidal activity. Electrophysiological study showed that only [S, S]-isomer was effective against the central nervous system of the insect. These results suggested that only [S, S]-isomer was the active component of fenvalerate. It was assumed that the insecticidal activity of [R, S]-isomer was due to [S, S]-isomer contained in the [R, S]-isomer sample as impurities or [S, S]-isomer isomerized from [R, S]-isomer in the body.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
Jing ZHAIArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 353-357
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe habitat preference of domiciliary cockroaches in urban environments in Shanghai, China was evaluated with sticky traps. Residential houses (N=40), one-room restaurants (N=20) and hotel restaurants (N=8) were sampled with 1 sticky trap/15m^2,for 2 nights/month for 2 years. Blattella germanica was the most common (96%) species trapped in hotel restaurants, and Periplaneta fuliginosa was the most common (94%) cockroach trapped in households. P. americana was limited to 2-6% of the total cockroaches trapped in the three environments sampled. The one-room restaurant environment was intermediate in terms of heat, food, and water between the other two environments. B. germanica (76%) and P. fuliginosa (19%) were the most common species in one-room restaurants. The presence of German and smokybrown cockroaches in urban environments in Shanghai may be determined by availability of heat in buildings in winter, and abundance of food and water throughout the year. Hotel restaurants are heated in winter, and German cockroaches are common year round. Houses are not heated in winter and smokybrown cockroaches are most common during summer. In residences the number of smokybrown cockroaches trapped peaked in July 1987,and July and October 1988.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
Kimito UCHIKAWA, Fumihiko KAWAMORI, Seiya KAWAI, Nobuo KUMADAArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 359-368
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution patterns of Leptotrombidium scutellare and L. pallidum, the vector species of tsutsugamushi disease, were surveyed with Tullgren's funnel method on the eastern slope of Mt. Fuji, Gotenba-Oyama District, Shizuoka Prefecture, in the autumn of 1988 and 1989 and in february, 1990. L. scutellare was shown to be distributed at well-drained sites at the foot of the mountain, and the specific habitat for this species was the sparse Miscanthus grassland developed on the sunny granular soilbed, which was sporadically seen in this district. But no evidence of recent spreads of such specific habitat was found coincidentally with the recurrent outbreaks of tsutsugamushi disease. L. pallidum was distributed in various types of habitats as previously observed in Nagano Prefecture, but the most common habitat for this chigger was the larger paddy banks that have recently been made during the paddy zone reconstruction program. Environmental changes brought about by the construction of many larger banks are thought to have contributed to an increase in vector population density and are probably responsible for the recurrent outbreaks of tsutsugamushi disease transmitted by L. pallidum. The larva of L. scutellare was observed not to overwinter, while the larva of L. pallidum was densely populated in both autumn and early spring of the next year. The chigger fauna of this district consisted of 16 species, inclusive of the 3 species that usually infest birds.View full abstractDownload PDF (1247K) -
Akio MORI, Tsutomu ODAArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 369-374
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the tolerance of Aedes albopictus to burdens of Dirofilaria immitis juveniles, Ae. albopictus females were fed on dog blood of different microfilarial density, and the number of dead mosquitoes and the number of D. immitis juveniles in the mosquitoes were counted daily for 14 days thereafter. Most Ae. albopictus surviving the 14 days when D. immitis developed to the infective stage were infected with only less than 20 juveniles of D. immitis. The mortality of A. albopictus females was much higher after feeding on blood with a larger number of D. immitis microfilariae.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
Chiharu SUTO, Ikuko SAKAKIArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 375-381
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the ecological role of prolonged quiescence in protonymph-pharate tritonymphs of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, some factors influencing the induction, persistence and termination of quiescence were examined. When groups of 10 to 600 mites were separately confined in a shallow hole (2.5cm in diameter and 1.5mm deep) on slide glasses with culture medium and incubated at 25℃, 75% RH, the number of nymphs that became quiescent varied with the size of the inoculum; the larger the inoculum size, the more and the faster the occurrence of quiescent nymphs. Long-term survival of the mites was not achieved at both of lower and higher humidities than 75%, and only a few nymphs became quiescent. Termination of quiescence indicated by moulting to tritonymphs was accelerated when the quiescent nymphs were disturbed by separation from the substrates to which they had clung. Contact of the disturbed quiescent nymphs with water also enhanced the termination of quiescence. The quiescent period of undisturbed nymphs was estimated to be about 7 months at a constant condition of 25℃, 75% RH. Similarly, most of the undisturbed nymphs placed at ambient conditions in a house room since November 1988 moulted during April to May 1989. From these results, prolonged quiescence in protonymph-pharate tritonymphs of D. farinae should be regarded as "diapause" rather than to be in a temporarily quiescent state.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
Minoru BABA, Hiroyuki TAKAOKAArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 383-387
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment and hatching of eggs, and larval growth were investigated for Prosimulium yezoense Shiraki in Kyushu, Japan. The eggs, which were laid by a wild-caught female in the laboratory, were dormant from May to the following January, and hatching occurred from the middle of February at 14±1℃. The larvae appeared in the streams between February and May, and were considered to have eight instars based on the size frequency distribution of their postgenal length. The accumulated water temperature for larval development was estimated to be 603 degree-days.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Mamoru TAKAHASHIArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 389-403
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfective spots of Leptotrombidium pallidum naturally infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Rt) were discovered by exposing Microtus montebelli as sentinel animals on the ground at a corner of Hitsujiyama Park, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, in November 1985. From a wild rodent Apodemus speciosus captured around the spots, engorged larvae of L. pallidum were collected and successfully reared by feeding on fresh eggs of Collembola. Four laboratory colonies (I-IV family lines) of L. pallidum positive for Karp type of Rt were established, and vertical transmission of Rt was examined from the parental generation (P) to F_3 in these family lines by isolating Rt from individual mites through the passage into mice. From F_1 to F_3 in 4 family lines, a total of 115 unfed larvae, 53 adult females and 51 adult males were examined for Rt. Only 6 males were negative and all the others were positive for Rt. The rate of transovarial transmission of Rt from P to F_1,F_1 to F_2,and F_2 to F_3 generations were 100%, and filial infection rates of their offsprings were nearly 100%. Spermatophores from infected males were examined for Rt and all of 78 spermatophores were negative for Rt. Furthermore, each of 7 Rt-positive males was mated with each of 7 Rt-negative females, and a total of 227 unfed larvae were obtained from these females. They were examined for Rt, but Rt was not isolated or detected from any of these larvae. From these results, the transmission dynamics of Rt was considered that Rt-positive males did not play any significant role in vertical transmission of Rt, but Rt was transmitted to the next generation only through eggs of Rt-positive females.View full abstractDownload PDF (1957K) -
Tadao ISHIHARA, Kozo FUJISAKIArticle type: Article
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 405-410
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIxodid ticks parasitic on horses grazing in 8 pastures in Aomori and Iwate Prefectures, northern Honshu, were examined during the years from 1987 to 1989. A total of 218 ticks belonging to 2 genera and 6 species (Haemaphysalis flava, H. kitaokai, H. longicornis, Ixodes nipponensis, I. ovatus and I. persulcatus) were collected, and almost all of them were adults. Dermacentor sp., which was recorded before World War II to be most abundant on horses in these prefectures in autumn and was referred to as reticulatus F., seemed to have been exterminated from these areas at present.View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
Article type: Index
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 1-3
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (201K) -
Article type: Index
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages 4-7
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (228K) -
Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 41 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
Published: December 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (87K)
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