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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Mihir Kumar PRAMANIK, Srimanta Kumar RAUT
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
315-323
Published: December 15, 2003
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This paper reports the occurrence of Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiede-mann, 1819) larvae in some drains of Kolkata (Calcutta), India from 2000 to 2001, and the efficacy of its predation on larval Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901, Armigeres subalbatus Coqullett, 1898 and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 in the laboratory. Tx. splendens larvae were found in all twelve months in two shaded drains with clear and still water, black sediments and accumulated leaves. In the laboratory experiments, Tx. spierndens fed on all of the 4 prey species larvae, and the predation rate depends on the stage of both predators and prey. The 1st and 3rd instars of Tx. splendens showed lowest and highest predation rate, respectively. Predation rate by any stage of Tx. splendens was highest in 1st instar larvae and lowest in 4th instar larvae of all prey species. The variations in consumption rate seemed to be related with the size of the prey larvae offered rather than to the preference for any species. This suggests that Tx. splendens could effectively be used in the biological control programme of mosquitoes in Kolkata, and field trials should be conducted using this species.
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Yoshio TSUDA, Yoshihide MAEKAWA, Susumu SAITA, Maiko HASEGAWA, Masahir ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
325-330
Published: December 15, 2003
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Flying mosquitoes were collected at a pair of collection sites at different heights from the ground by a suction trap enhanced with 1 kg of dry ice in summer in 2001 and 2002, on the campus of Nagasaki University, School of Medicine, and on a small desert island in Nagasaki, Japan. One collection site was near a tree canopy (6-12 m above the ground) and the other one at about 1 m above the ground. At each collection site, the trap was operated for 24 h to collect both noctunal and diurnal species. The following 9 species were encountered ; albopictus (Skuse), Ochlerotaus nipponicus LaCasse et Yamaguti, Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett, Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. halifaxi Theobald,CX. bitaeniorhynchus Giles, Orthopodomyia anopheloides (Giles), Tripteroides bamubusa (Yamada). The proportion of mosquitoes collected near the tree canopy was calculated for 4 dominant species ; 3.9 (females) and 1.2% (males) for Ae.albopictus, 64.5% for females of Cx. pipens pallens, 19% for females of Ar. subalbatus and 26.7% for females of CX. tritaeniorhynchus. The vertical distribution of flying moscmitoes in relation to the location of their vertebrate host is discussed.
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Satoshi SHINONAGA, Ta Huy THINH
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
331-335
Published: December 15, 2003
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Three subfamilies, three genera and 19 species of the sarcophagid flies collected by the authors during the survey of Monbusho International Co-operation Scientific Program in Vietnam are recorded. Three new species, Sarcophaga (Lioproctia) vietnamensis sp. nov., S. (Parasarcophaga) owadai sp. nov. and S. (Parasarcophaga) dambriensis sp. nov. are described and figured. Sarcophaga (Phallosphaera) konakovi (Rohdendorf), S. (Robineauella) anchoriformis (Fan), Senotainia albifrons (Rondani) and S. navigatrix (Meigen) are newly recorded from Vietnam.
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Yasutada ITO
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
337-341
Published: December 15, 2003
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I evaluated the acceptability of three anticoagulant rodenticides (warfarin, bromadiolone and flocoumafen) by the roof rat, Rattus rarrus, using Acceptability-index calculated by the following formula : A-index={(X-Y)/(X+Y)}×100. X=average intake (g/day/kg) of poison bait, and Y=average intake of blank bait. The average A-index in bromadiolone (50 ppm) mixed with sunflower seeds and sesame oil was 0.5 in comparison with the blank bait and the resultant mortality was 100%. This value of the index was the highest of all three rodenticides. The index in flocoumafen (50 ppm) was -42.2, which was small but the mortality was as high as 70%. The indexes in warfarin (250 ppm) mixed with seeds and oil, and warfarin (50 ppm) were -52.9 and -37.1, respectively. Both of these values in warfarin were small and the mortalities were O%. The index in warfarin (250 ppm) without seeds and oil was -65.2, which was the smallest of all test samples, though the mortality was 20%. Therefore, bromadiolone and flocoumafen are promising agents for the control of roof rats in Japan.
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Shinji KASAI, Minoru MIHARA, Masakazu TAKAHASHI, Noriaki AGUI, Takashi ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
343-351
Published: December 15, 2003
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Human body louse is a significant vedor of infectious diseases including typhus, relapsing fever and trench fever. In order to perform an infection assay of these pathogens efficiently using human louse, and to maintain colonies of louse in the laboratory without human volunteers, we attempted to establish an artificial blood feeding system. Using parafilm^[○!R] membranes and blood-absorbed cotton, we made a blood pad and body lice were fed on the pad fixed on a petri-dish. As a result, body lice efficiently engorged blood through the membrane and more than 30 percent of the hatched larvae reached the adult stage. This system was suitable for performing an artificial infection assay although it was still insufficient for maintaining a colony for many generations.
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Yuichiro TABARU, Yasuhiro WATANABE
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
353-359
Published: December 15, 2003
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The longevity of the smoky-brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville) which fed on their own feces or dried carcasses was remarkably short compared to those fed on mouse foods under the laboratory condition. The cockroaches were reluctant to feed on their feces or dried carcasses. When two kinds of food materials were placed separately in a plastic arena, the cockroaches preferred mouse foods to feces or carcasses, and no remarkable difference was found in consumptions between feces and carcasses. When dried feces, dried carcasses (both of the cockroaches), and mouse food in each of three small aluminum cups were placed side by side in the plastic arena, the cockroaches ate the mouse food most, followed by dried carcasses, and they did not eat their own feces. Comparing food preference among four kinds of insect's feces : the smoky-brown cockroach, the silkworm, Bombyx mori Linne the common cutworm, Spodoptera litira Fabricius and the drug store beetle, Stegobium Paniceum Fabricius the cockroaches selected silkworm feces most, then the drug store beetle's feces ; they did not consume their own feces or the feces of the common cutworm. In the case of ideal food absence, the cockroaches showed cannibalism. The results demonstrate that feces or dried carcasses of the cockroaches may not be suitable food for the smoky-brown cockroaches.
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Hisayoshi YOSHIDA, Masahiro YOSHIDA, Yasuo IWAGAMI, Ikuko TAKI, Teruhi ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
361-366
Published: December 15, 2003
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An investigation on the recolonization and population dynamics of the Redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii) was conducted bimonthly at a seaside park in Kaizuka City, Osaka, Japan, after all the spiders were completely removed from the study area in December 2000. The Redback spiders invaded again in February 2001, and their population density was recovered in December 2001. This study confirmed that breeding of Redback spiders began in June and continued until December.The minimum population observed in June was composed of only adult female individuals, while the maximum population found in December 2001 mainly consisted of larvae. The prolonged breeding might have caused the increase of population density and dispersal. The temperature measured ranged from -0.5℃ to 46.1℃ ; however. the Redback spider tolerated this harsh environment. This confirmed that the Redback spider, a tropical or subtropical species, is capable of colonizing even in the temperate area in Japan.
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Toshihiko HAYASHI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
367-370
Published: December 15, 2003
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The Oriental species of the genus Lotophila are studied. Lotophila vietnamica sp. nov. is described from Vietnam. L. bicolor Norrbom et Marshall and L. nepalensis Hayashi are recorded for the first time from Central Nepal and Thailand, respectively.
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Xi-Min HU, Yoshio TSUDA, Masahiro TAKAGI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
371-379
Published: December 15, 2003
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Survival and development of larvae of Anopheles dirus Peyton et Harrison, An. minimus Theobald and An. stephensi Liston were examined under natural temperature in a temperate area, Nagasaki (32゜45' N, 129°52' E), Japan. Experiments with hatched larvae were conducted 7 times at 1-month intervals from April to October 2002. The larvae could develop to adults and a seasonal change was observed in the developmental period of all three species. The relationships between the average air temperature and the developmental rate observed from April to October 2002 were analyzed by a linear regression method to estimate the threshold air temperature of larval development. The estimated threshold air temperatures of larval development for females of An. dirus, An. minimimus and An. stephensi were 9.4℃, 5.7℃ and 9.3℃, respectively. A seasonal change was also observed in the body sizes of pupae.
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Chow-Yang LEE, James. W. YONKER
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
381-388
Published: December 15, 2003
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Laboratory and field performance of a bait toxicant, lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate (Sulfotine^<TM>) [LPOS] in bait station (1% LPOS) in comparison with a commercially available bait station (containing 0.5% chlorpyrifos) were tested against the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) and other peridomestic cockroach species in lowincome houses and apartments in Penang Island, Malaysia. Laboratory evaluation indicated that there was minimal difference between the performance of LPOS baits and that of the chlorpyrifos bait, when tested against P. americana, P. brunnea and P. australasiae. In field studies, LPOS- and chlorpyrifosbased bait stations reduced trapped domiciliary and peridomestic cockroaches by 95% and >85% within the first two weeks following treatment, respectively. At the 12th week post-treatment, LPOS still provided >99% reduction in cockroach trap counts. Further studies were executed to evaluate the effects of bait numbers on the performance of LPOS baits against the American cockroach in suburban apartments (35.8 m^2). It was demonstrated that 4-8 baits were needed to achieve good control of the cockroach population (i. e. about 90% reduction within 1 week post-treatment). Sanitation levels were positively correlated with percentage reduction in trap counts in houses treated with lower bait numbers ; however, when higher number of baits were used, the role of sanitation on reduction of cockroach numbers was lessened.
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Kimio HIRABAYASHI, Masaru YAMAMOTO, Norihiko YOSHIDA, Manabu SASA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
389-394
Published: December 15, 2003
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his is the first report on chironomid communities captured by light traps at the Fuji Five Lakes in the fall season. A comparison of the chironomid communities was made among these lakes in relation to the eutrophic level. We identified a total of 33 species belonging to three subfamilies, i. e., 16 species of Orthocladiinae, 16 species of Chironominae and 1 species of Tanypodinae. We recorded a total of 24 newly recorded species around these lakes. In Lake Yamanaka, Tanytarsus takahasii, Stictochironomus sticticus and Tanytarsus yunosecundus were the dominant species, whereas ProPsilocerus akamusi was dominant in Lake Kawaguchi and Smittia insignis in Lake Motosu. 0nly Smittia aterrima was a common spedes in the Fuji Five Lakes. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was highest at 2.63 in Lake Shoji and lowest at 0.99 in Lake Kawaguchi. 0ur results suggest remarkable differences in chironomid communities between rather oligotrophic lakes such as Lakes Motosu and Sai, and the more eutrophicated ones such as Lakes Shoji and Kawaguchi. Although Lake Yamanaka was classified as a mesotrophic lake in previous studies, this lake seems to be undergoing profirressive eutrophication.
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Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
395-397
Published: December 15, 2003
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The host-seeking (the vertical activity in plastic cylinders) and feeding activities (the rate of engorgement) of a new generation of Amblyomma testudinarium nymphs that were placed outdoors from the engorged larval stage were observed under experimental conditions from July to October 2002. The vertical activity of the nymphs (molted outdoors in late June 2002) in plastic cylinders placed outdoors was low from July to early September, but abruptly increased from mid- September. The rate of engorgement of the nymphs observed using rabbits under laboratory conditions (25℃, 16L-8D photoperiod) was low in July and August ; however, it significantly increased in September and October. These results suggest that the host-seeking and feeding activities of the new generation of A. testudinarium nymphs are suppressed in the summer. Since the host-feeding activity of the nymphs was observed in a laboratory maintained at 25℃, the suppression did not appear to be a simple quiescence caused by temperature. However, it is not clear whether the suppression is due to diapause.
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
402-403
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Article type: Index
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
405-408
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Article type: Index
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
409-412
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages
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