1990 年代になり爪白癬の治療は急速に進化し，患者の状況により治療法を選択する時代となった．そこで，本症の診断および治療にあたって，本邦における臨床上の問題点を指摘するとともに，内服療法，外用療法に分けて，いかなる治療法が妥当であるかを考察した．また，本症の治療に関するガイドラインの現状を紹介し，患者の希望をとりいれた治療法を推進すべきであると提案した．

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江戸後期から現在までのわが国の近代医学の進歩，特に医真菌学を中心とした感染症の発展の概略を報告する．
江戸時代における蘭学の流入と明治維新におけるヨーロッパ医学，主にドイツ医学の採用によって，日本医学は徐々にではあるが確実に進歩した．しかし第2次世界大戦は，他の科学的分野と同様に，医学領域においても，その発展が一時的に阻害された．しかしその後も学問の発展は止むことなく確実に進歩し，最近20年間では医真菌学の基礎的研究および真菌性疾患，特に臨床的分析・臨床診断法・治療法の進歩が著しく，西欧諸国と同等あるいはそれ以上の成果が得られるに至っている．
しかし深在性真菌症で苦しんでいる方々を救命するには，更なる発展が必要である．

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Background: Infection with the anthropophilic fungus Trichophyton tonsurans has spread among members of combat sports clubs and has become a serious public health problem in Japan and other countries. Infection usually provokes only a weak inflammatory response, and treatment compliance tends to be poor.
Objective: To evaluate the hairbrush method and the treatment protocol described in the guidelines for T. tonsurans infection.
Method: The study subjects were 69 individuals with positive hairbrush culture from among 327 members of 12 judo clubs participating in the survey. (a) Subjects with no more than 4 colonies by the hairbrush method were treated with miconazole nitrate shampoo. (b) Subjects with 5 or more colonies were treated with (1) itraconazole at a dose of 100 mg/day for 6 weeks or at a dose of 400 mg/day for 1 week, or (2) terbinafine at a dose of 125 mg/day for 6 weeks or at a dose of 500 mg/day for 1 week. Treatment efficacy was monitored by the hairbrush method at 1.5 and 3 months after treatment.
Results: Of the 46 subjects with 5 or more colonies isolated by the hairbrush method, 32 (69.6%) took itraconazole or terbinafine in compliance with their treatment schedules and were negative for T. tonsurans after treatment. Of the 23 subjects with 4 or fewer colonies, 15 (65.2%) were negative for T. tonsurans after treatment with miconazole nitrate shampoo.
Conclusion: The treatment protocol seems promising, but poor compliance is a problem with the oral treatment regimens. The shampoo therapy is only partially effective, with 35% of subjects remaining positive for T. tonsurans after this therapy. In order to eradicate this disease, we have renewed the guidelines for T. tonsurans infection.

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新規酵母様真菌分離鑑別培地であるポアメディアViカンジダ寒天培地とCHROMagar Candidaについて，標準株を用い発育支持能を検討した．さらに標準株と臨床分離株による各培地上のコロニーの色調および形態を比較し，初代分離同定培地としての基本性能について評価した．標準株主要５菌種に対する発育支持能は22時間および48時間培養のいずれにおいても両培地でほぼ同等であった．いずれの培地を用いた培養においてもCandida albicans とC. krusei は22時間で鑑別可能となったが，C. glabrata，C. parapsilosis，C. tropicalis の鑑別には48時間を要することが明らかになった．以上のことからViカンジダとCHROMagarは同等の基本性能を有する分離同定培地であることが確認された．

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Comparative studies of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) band patterns of Candida tropicalis with those of clinically important Candida species have shown the presence of specific RAPD bands for C. tropicalis. A band specific to C. tropicalis strains (ca. 400 bp) was extracted and sequenced. It was found to belong to a fragment of the Trf4 gene, which is essential for growth of these strains and has a characteristic sequence of C. tropicalis. A PCR primer was designed specifically for C. tropicalis which amplifies the 324 bp band. The PCR primer amplified DNA products for all C. tropicalis strains tested, but did not amplify any PCR bands from C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. kefer, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, or C. zeylanoides. Usefulness of the PCR primer in differentiating from clinical isolates of other fungal species is discussed.

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