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Volume 12 (1961)
- Issue 4 Pages 233-
- Issue 3 Pages 165-
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
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Volume 12, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages Cover6-
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (48K) -
Kazuki Ogata, Masako Murata, Akemi Furuno, Seijiro Uchida, Manabu SasaArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 165-168
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the case of epidemic of poliomyelitis in Ooyubari, Hokkaido, Japan in 1960, the authors had an opportunity to survey the occurrence of poliomyelitis viruses in flies. The results of the survey are reported in this paper. The first case of poliomyelitis patient of this area occurred during the month of April, 1960. During this year, thirty three cases were observed in total population of approximately 16, 000. Since 1955, the fly control operation have continued in this area, and then fly population seemed to be lower than the other areas. In June 29 and 30, just after the peak of occurrence of poliomyelitis cases, the fly collection was carried out. Flies were collected by two methods, netting and baited trapping. The sweeping by net was made over garbage, fish-boxes of fishmonger, privies and the other sites where flies had gathered. Flies collected by net, were poured out into the NaCN killing bottle. For trapping, some cage traps were set over garbage and some others provided with fish baits were hung from the bar in front of the residence. Captured flies were immobilized by chloroform, and killed in the NaCN bottle. After the identification of flies, they were placed in a jar with dry ice, and were sent to the laboratory in Tokyo, where they are kept in a deepfreezer until test. The species and the number of the flies are shown in Table 1. Of 805 individuals of the flies collected, 233 individuals belong to 7 genera and probably more than 7 species were tested for isolation of poliomyelitis viruses. Each sample contains 20 flies or less, and YLE solution was added to it in a rate of 0.5 ml per fly, then it was homogenized in a blender. After the refrigeration, the crude suspension was spun, the sediment discarded. To each 1 ml of supernate, there was added 500 units of penicillin, 500γ of streptomycin and 10γ of aureomycin solution. Tube cultures of HeLa cell were used. To each culture tube, 0.2ml of the inoculum and 0.8ml of YLE solution containing 5% horse serum were added. They were incubated at 37℃ for 7 days. Three passages were carried out every 7 days. Of 14 test samples, 3 proved positive for poliomyelitis virus, which belongs to the type 1. Poliovirus was proved only from samples of Phaenicia sericata. Each 2 tubes out of 7 tubes constituted with one unit sample, in these 3 positive cases, showed cytopathogenic phenomena after 5〜7 days of the inoculation in first generation.View full abstractDownload PDF (496K) -
Susumu YamamotoArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 169-173
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn investigation on the trombiculid mites in the area was carried out during the period from November, 1959 to October, 1960. Numbers of host animals of the trombiculid mites were 307 of Apodemus speciosus, 12 of Microtus montebelli, 4 of Urotrichus talpoides, 21 of Rattus norvegicus, 1 of Rattus rattus and 8 bird. 11, 691 trombiculid mites were collected, which belong to 6 genera including 15 species. Apodemus speciosus was infested by the most parasites. There were more mites infested per each hosts lived in the area of the underbrush and the bamboo thicket than in the grass-land. Trombicula fuji, T. kitasatoi, T. kuroshio and Gahrliepia saduski were collected in every month of the year. The most dominant species is T. pallida, of which nevertheless none was collected in August. T. hazatoi was collected from Apodemus speciosus, which is the first report from the host.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
Yukio Oshio, Makiko IkeuchiArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 174-178
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oxygen consumption of house-fly, Musca domestica vicina, was measured by Warburg's constant volume respirometer. The living flies of several stages such as adult, pupa, larva and egg put in the flask of respirometer were observed in natural condition. The temperature measured was at 40℃, 30℃, 25℃, 20℃ and 10℃ respectively. The results experimented were summarized as follows : 1) It was recognized that any stage of houseflies needed oxygen in the air. However, the oxygen consumption varied considerably according to the developmental stage of the fly as indicated in Figure 1 and 2. The active stages such as larva and adult consumed oxygen more than nonactive stages such as egg and pupa. 2) In any cases, flies needed more oxygen under higher temperature, but the quantity of oxygen decreased with the decline of temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Yoshisato InoueArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 179-183
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been known, as an actual phenomenon, that during a contact-test on an insecticide film the KT_<50> values (the measurement of insecticidal potency to test insects) often unexpectedly fluctuated. Using house flies an investigation was attempted on this phenomenon. It was experimentally confirmed that test insects are more susceptible to insecticide residues when its treated surface contains a minute amount of moisture. The relationship between the KT_<50> values and the amount of the moisture showed an inverse correlation. Such an instability of knock down effect due to the moisture, is the most evident in both cases of DDVP and Dibrom regardless the formulation of the insecticide when applied on absorptive materials such as filter paper or veneer plate. If applied on a glass plate, however, similar effect was not recognized.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Kazuo Buei, Yoshiharu FukuharaArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 183-186
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField tests of fly control using Nankor^[○!R] (0, 0-dimethyl 0-2, 4, 5-trichlorophenyl phosphorothioate) were carried out from 21 Sept. to 21 Oct., 1960, in a rural district in Mino, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The results were summarized as follows : By the spray of 200cc of 0.5% kerosene solution of Nankor per 33m^2 in the dwellings or 100cc of 0.5% emulsion of Nankor per a square meter in the barns of the live-stock, the fly population estimated by using fly ribbons was decreased remarkably and the effect of Nankor lasted for 7 days. On the second time (7 Oct.), the fly control was done by renewing of litter and the spraying in the barns of the live-stock. As the result, the fly population in the dwellings was gradually decreased and its effect lasted for 7 days. The application of 2 liters of 0.025% emulsion of Nankor per a square meter was effective to fly larvae in latrines, but the larvae emerged again in 11 days after the application.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
Koji OgushiArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 187-195
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe increase of insecticidal effect by mixture of two organophosphorus insecticides especially of DDVP and other chemicals, was investigated by topical application method using Takatsuki strain of house fly, Musca domestica vicina. The effect of diazinon, malathion and Nankor was fairly improved by mixing with DDVP. The increase of the effect was remarkable in the mixture of Nankor and DDVP. The mixture of ratio of diazinon 2 and DDVP 8, malathion 2 and DDVP 8, and Nankor 5 and DDVP 5 was more effective than the sole DDVP. In all the combinations in the mixture of DDVP and the other chemicals, it seemed that as the content of diazinon, malathion or Nankor decreased the mixtures became more effective. The mixture of diazinon and malathion was more effective than the sole malathion and less than the sole diazinon. Any remarkable increase in the effect was not given by DDVP to Baytex or Dipterex.View full abstractDownload PDF (821K) -
Kazuo YasutomiArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 195-199
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLate in 1960, diazinon-resistant houseflies were discovered in two coastal areas of Sodegaura Village, Chiba Prefecture (Fig. A and B). Laboratory tests of adult flies collected from 11 areas in Sodegaura and Obitsu, where diazinon had been applied as a residual spray for 3 or 4 years, were conducted during an early season of 1961. On topical application, adult flies from 6 areas of Sodegaura showed LD_<50> values 10-20 times that of the normal Takatsuki strain to diazinon. Flies from coastal area (A〜F) were even more resistant to diazinon than those from inner areas (G〜J). Even with the house fly, 4 years of heavily residual spraying at Sueyoshi area, Obitsu Village, induced only five-fold tolerance to diazinon. Several organophosphorus insecticides, i.e. Nankor, Dipterex and Baytex, were treated as residual sprays in 6 areas where house flies have developed resistance to diazinon. The population densities estimated by ribbon traps lowered considerably through the period of the experiment. Effect of diazinon still remained for 15 days or more in Sueyoshi area, Obitsu Village, where the resistance ratio of flies to Takatsuki strain was only five-fold.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
Koji OgushiArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 200-215
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCockroach control tests in apartment houses were done. In the apartment houses in Fukuoka area, only the cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa Serville, was found and no other species was observed. Ten or twenty times dilution of 5% emulsifiable and mixed emulsifiable concentrate 4% dieldrin with 6% lindane were sprayed at the rate of 40cc per m^2 in kitchens and lumber rooms. By a residual spraying on lower walls of the rooms, the roach was fairly controlled. By twice treatments in May and September, the roach was almost exterminated. In this case, the time of the treatments was decided in accordance with seasonal occurrence of the cockroach. On the distribution of roaches in apartment houses in this area, the following characteristics were observed. That is, on the vertical distribution, the adults and larvae were mainly found at the 4th floor (highest floor), and at the 1st floor as next. In the horizontal distribution, the roach was mainly inhabited at the central part. It was also observed that the peaks of occurrence of roaches were observed in August and September. In the restaurants, German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., was found more than any other species, and P. fuliginosa and P. americana L. were also found but very fewer than B. germanica. According to the LD-50 test by topical application method against those cockroaches both collected and bred, the following results were observed. Some colonies of B. germanica showed slightly resistance to lindane, but none of them showed the resistance to dieldrin. Against organophosphorus insecticides, the roaches were as susceptible as the normal strain. For the control of German roach in restaurants, approximately 2.5-fold dosage per unit area of the chemicals (dieldrin 4% E. C or dieldrin 4% and lindane 6% mixed E. C.) was required. This may be ascribed to the complicated structure of the restaurants. The treatment of DDVP by fog machine was ineffective, and also the residual spraying of diazinon E. C. to lower walls of rooms was not enough to control the pest. It was confirmed that effective control was given by the treatment of dieldrin which was remarkably stable and then persistent for a long time. According to the results as stated above, it is considered that the treatment of residual spraying to lower walls in the rooms using organic chlorinated insecticides, i.e. dieldrin E. C. or mixed E. C. of dieldrin and lindane, is the most effective and standard method for cockroach control in the present status.View full abstractDownload PDF (1570K) -
Takeshi Suzuki, Mitsuko Shirai, Hideko MatsunagaArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 216-219
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResidual effect of dieldrin, lindane, chlordane, diazinon and DDVP to female German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., was estimated by contact with the residues of 50cc of 5% xylene solution per square meter for 2 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours or 24 hours. The knockdown percentage was counted 6 days after the contact. The most effective insecticide was dieldrin, and the effectiveness descended in the following order : lindane, diazinon, chlordane, DDVP. For an example, the effective period after an-hour-contact to the residues was as follows : dieldrin, 29 weeks; lindane, 3-6 weeks; diazinon, 3 weeks; chlordane, 1 week; DDVP, less than a day.View full abstractDownload PDF (395K) -
Shunnosuke Hirakoso, Kiyoshi MizutaniArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 220-225
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter the treatment of insecticides to female cockroaches, Blattella germanica L., by contact method, topical application method and injection method, observations were made on the dropping of egg capsules, the hatching rate of the eggs and the mortality of their lst stage nymphs. All capsules were dropped after knockdown of the maternal roaches by the treatments of dieldrin, chlordane, diazinon, DDVP and dibrom. Though the knockdown time of the roaches treated with dieldrin and chlordane was nearly equivalent, the time of dropping of egg capsules was faster in dieldrin than in chlordane. This may be ascribed to the difference of insecticidal mechanism in these two chemicals. Hatching of the eggs laid by the roaches treated with the above mentioned five chemicals were seen only within 5 to 10 days after their capsules dropped, but no hatching was seen later. The nymphs from the roaches treated with DDVP and dibrom survived normally, and those from the roaches treated with diazinon, chlordane and dieldrin took two courses : the one died within 4 days entirely or partly after hatching and the other survived normally.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Atsushi Kokubo, Rokuro KanoArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 226-227
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSarcophaga harpax Pandelle, Carcelia bombylans R.-D., Euterus matsuyadorii Matsumura and Brachymeria minuta Linne were recovered from the pine-moth pupae collected in June of 1960 in Kashima district, Ibaraki Prefecture. In these species Sarcophaga was most abundant and Brachymeria appeared as secondary parasite from pupae of Sarcophaga.View full abstractDownload PDF (278K) -
Kiyoshi Mizutani, Shunnosuke Hirakoso, Hideko Matsunaga, Takeshi Suzuk ...Article type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 228-229
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the control of German cockroach in a building, 2% chlordane was applied on the walls and shelters of the roaches as residual treatment. This treatment gave 73% to 100% effect over the 6 weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (219K) -
Tsang Shu KaoArticle type: Article
1961 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 230-231
Published: October 15, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSensitivity of Anopheles sinensis and Aedes albopictus to C.A.P. is studied and minimal effective dose and its duration of the effect are measured.View full abstractDownload PDF (190K)
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