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Volume 35 (1984)
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Volume 35, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages Cover10-
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (55K) -
Chobei IMAIArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 225-231
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe development and loss of insecticide resistance in a field population of the houseflies, Musca domestica, at Hokko, a waste disposal site in Osaka Bay was studied in relation to insecticide application and state of the resistance in the surrounding urban area. The resistance developed to trichlorfon, fenitrothion, fenthion, dichlorvos and diazinon after two years application of trichlorfon, and such resistance remained in an equilibrium for subsequent one year after the spray of calclofos and dichlorvos was substituted for that of trichlorfon. However, the resistance was not observed to two pyrethroids, namely allethrin and phthalthrin. After the insecticidal pressure was weakened in the fourth year through reducing the amount of chemicals sprayed, the resistance to organophosphorus compounds except for fenitrothion and diazinon was lowered a little. The prevalence of resistance could be explained by first, the accumulated amount of insecticides sprayed since the beginning of application to the collection date of each colony and second, the amount of chemicals sprayed during 7 days prior to the each collection date. The former and the latter may be reflect the history of selection and the intensity of direct selection pressure in each generation of insects, respectively. Three urban colonies showed a lowr level of resistance as compared to Hokko population in the fourth year, but the diluting effect which was considered to be caused by immigrant houseflies from urban area to Hokko Site was not suggested to be so serious as compared to the effect of selection pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Kimito UCHIKAWA, Yoshitsugu YAMADA, Kiyoshi SATO, Nobuo KUMADAArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 233-243
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField surveys were carried out monthly during the period from August 1981 to September 1982 to add to the basic knowledge of the vectors of tsutsugamushi disease in Nagano Prefecture, where outbreaks of the disease were reported in the spring of 1981 after a lapse of 14 years. Field mice and voles were trapped alive at stations selected mostly in grasslands in Miasa Village and Iida City. Preliminary or additional surveys were also done at irregular intervals in these areas and in Yamanouchi Town and Matsumoto City. From four kinds of field rodents examined, a total of 51,548 chiggers comprising three genera and 12 species was collected and identified. Among them, Leptotrombidium pallidum, L. intermedium, L. fuji, and Gahrliepia saduski were the predominant species in this order. L. scutellare, one of the known vectors in Japan, was not collected during the study, suggesting that L. pallidum would have played the role of vector in the recent reoccurrence of tsutsugamushi disease in Nagano Prefecture. Remarkable difference was observed among the average numbers of chiggers taken from different kinds of hosts. Conspicuous variations in host perference of some chigger species were also observed depending on the localities of collection. Habitat specificity was distinctly demonstrated by the fact that the faunal compositions of chigger species were closely related with the topographical features of the lands surveyed. Seasonal fluctuation of chiggers also differed depending on the localities of the survey. For example, average number of L. pallidum on the rodents showed a peak of occurrence in the late fall at the stations in Iida, while the same species of chigger had two peaks, one in spring and the other in autumn, at the stations in Miasa. The importance of studying the favorable habitats for the vector was discussed from the epidemiological viewpoints.View full abstractDownload PDF (1367K) -
Tadashi MIYATA, Tetsuo SAITO, Kazuo YASUTOMIArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 245-249
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main factor of malathion resisatnce in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was thought to be enhanced ^<14>C-methyl malathion degradation activity in the resistant strain. A good correlation was observed between ^<14>C-methyl malathion degrading activity and aliesterase activity of enzymes separated by thin-layer agar gel electrophoresis. Difference in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to malaoxon was not involved in the resistance mechanism of this insect to malathion.View full abstractDownload PDF (603K) -
Kenji TAKAI, Tozo KANDA, Yuzuru OGUMA, Weng Hooi CHEONG, Arbain M. JOE ...Article type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 251-259
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecific distinctness was evaluated by laboratory hybridization between members of the Anopheles hyrcanus sibling species group distributed in East Asia. The following 7 members of the species group, including vectors of malaria or filariasis, were dealt with : An. sinensis and An. lesteri of Japan; An. argyropus and An. nitidus of Malaysia; and An. nigerrimus, An. crawfordi, and An. peditaeniatus of Indonesia. They were reproductively isolated from each other due to zygotic mortality or hybrid sterility. The results provided evidence indicating substantial specific differentiation among the 7 members of this group. The cross between An. crawfordi and An. lesteri as well as between An. nigerrimus and An. nitidus gave sterile F_1 hybrids. Males of the F_1 hybrid between An. lesteri and An. crawfordi were crossed with females of the parental species, which laid unhatched eggs. This indicates the possibility that the hybrid males will be utilized for genetic control of their parental species.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Hiromu KURAHASHI, Senji KAWAI, Chieko SHUDO, Yoshito WADAArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 261-267
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe breeding and emerging periods of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) were studied along with the fluctuation of adults for tracing its life cycle by using both baited and emergence traps in the backyard of the National Institute of Health, Tokyo, from December 1981 to March 1983. Seasonal activity of the adult in each year was similar, which confirmed the previous works reported from the same locality. A number of both sexes were trapped from March to July, and a large amount of females were caught in September to December. The first flight in early fall represents only aged females attracted. The breeding stage first appeared in the beginning of September and ended in the middle of coming May. Early fall generation derived from eggs deposited in September quickly grew up and emerged as adults in late fall (October to November). Prepupae or pupae of late fall generation derived from eggs in November to December became dormant during winter. After the dormancy, most adults emerged in March, though a few appeared in the end of January and the beginning of February. Spring generation from eggs in February to May normally developed within relatively short periods (0.5-1.5 months). No developing stages were observed from late May to early September, although male and female adults were trapped until the end of July. From the above, it is concluded that this blow fly can develop in the Tokyo area during 8.5 months from September to the middle of May excepting the coldest season in which dormant prepupae and pupae are dominant. The first appearance of aged females in September may suggest the adult aestivation in Aldrichina grahami.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
Masako OKAMOTOArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 269-275
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarpoglyphus lactis is a stored product pest distributed in many countries and is known as the pest of soybeans paste, "miso, " and raw sugar especially in Japan. To observe the effect of relative humidity on the life cycle of C. lactis, the mite was reared in a glass tube individually under the conditions of various humidities, 58.5% R.H., 74.0% R.H., 84.0% R.H. and 94.0% R.H. at a constant temperature of 25℃. The food for the mite was a mixture of sugar and dried yeast (1 : 1). The reproduction of mite generally has a relationship with hatch rate, survival rate, the length of each developmental stage, sex ratio and fecundity. The hatch rates and the period of egg stage were nearly the same in all humidities. The survival rate from larva to adult was higher as the humidity increased. In 58.5% R.H., the all hatched larvae were dead at the beginning of larval stage. In 94.0% R.H., the durations of larval, protonymphal and tritonymphal stage were 2.0,1.3 and 1.7 days, respectively. It took 7.8 days to develop from egg to adult and was shortest among 4 conditions. The number of eggs laid per female in its life span was 193.4 most in 94.0% R.H. The length and the width of idiosoma at each developmental stage in 74.0% R.H. was short compared with that of the other conditions. The sex ratio was almost the same in 3 conditions. The deutonymph (hypopus) was not found during this experiment. It was suggested that the condition of 94.0% R.H. was the optimum humidity for individual rearing of C. lactis in these experimental conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
Hirofumi HAYAKAWA, Hiroshi SUZUKIArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 277-281
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTabanus tokaraensis n. sp. is described based on the female materials from Kuchinoshima, Nakanoshima and Takarajima, Tokara Islands, Japan. This species is very closely related to Tabanus rufidens (Bigot, 1887), but can be easily distinguished from it by the shape of middle callus on frons which is fused broadly with basal callus. Key to the 10 Japanese species belonging to rufidens group of the genus Tabanus is presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
Noriko OHTAKI, Chizu MIYAMOTO, Satoshi SHINONAGA, Hideki ITOKAWA, Etsu ...Article type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 283-291
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCheyletus forsis Oudemres, a predacious mite of the family Cheyletidae, caused itchy dermatitis on the arms of 5 out of 12 volunteers 24hr after the application of 6 live mites, consisting of 5 Cheyletus fortis (C.f.) and one Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)(T.p.), for each person. These mites were applied to the small closed area of the skin separately for 24hr. On the areas where T.p. were applied, no lesions were observed. The lesions, caused by C.f., varied from slightly edematous erythema of 2 to 3mm in diameter to highly edematous erythema with central vesiculation of 7 to 8mm, depending on the sensitivity of the volunteers to the mites. The biopsy specimen revealed epidermal spongiosis, intraepidermal spongiotic vesicles, subepidermal edema and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltration with eosinophils, and corresponded to that of allergic contact dermatitis, the IV type of allergy. The results of the closed patch test on the normal skin of the same volunteers using the homogenate of C.f. and T.p. were almost negative. But, on the test sites, where cornified layer were previously peeled off with Scotch tape, positive reactions were obtained 24hr after the application of the C.f. homogenate for 9 volunteers out of 12. These results mean that C.f. causes dermatitis in man and this mechanism is based on the IV type of allergy. The antigen of C.f. is supposed to be high molecular substance which can not pass through the stratum corneum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1313K) -
Yoichi YAMAGATAArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 293-300
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify distribution of blackfly larvae in relation to channel slope and stream discharge, studies were carried out in Guatemala in streams infested with Simulium ochraceum, S. metallicum, S. horacioi, S. callidum and others. A total of 485 larval collections were made during the dry season from 90 sampling units each consisting of 20m stretch. It was found that the incidence rate of each species was regulated by both channel slope and stream discharge. The higher-than-80% incidence rate was observed at the sites with high slope (20-40°) and medium discharge (0.3-3l/s) for S. ochraceum, with low slope (0-25°) and medium to large discharge (0.3-30l/s) for S. metallicum, and with high slope (20-40°) and small discharge (0.03-1l/s) for S. horacioi. The higher-than-50% rate for S. callidum was obtained at the sites with medium slope (5-25°) and large discharge (1-30l/s). S. ochraceum was positively associated with all other species. S. metallicum and S. callidum showed strong positive association with each other, but negative one with S. horacioi. Three types of dominant species pairs were most frequently observed, i.e., the horacioi-ochraceum pair at high slope and small discharge, the ochraceum-metallicum pair at low slope and small discharge, and the metallicum-callidum pair at low slope and large discharge. Species composition in tributaries was successfully explained by their mean slope and geometric mean discharge.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Shigeo KITAOKAArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 301-305
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe following three new speceies of Culicoides are described and illustrated : females and males of C. hayakawai sp. n. and a female of C. hokkaidoensis sp. n. from Hokkaido and a female of C. nasuensis sp. n. from central Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Shoji ASANO, Atsushi KAMADA, Masaharu KAMEI, Shigeo TANI, Hidetoshi OK ...Article type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 307-314
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaboratory and field tests were performed in order to establish the practical usage of a juvenoid, methoprene as an alternative fly control agent at poultry houses. Effectiveness of methoprene was evaluated based on the inhibition of adult emergence of the house fly, Musca domestica L. with a 10% slow release formulation, Altosid 10F^[○!R]. In the laboratory test with 6-day-old larvae of the field strains the median inhibitory concentration of Altosid 10F in larval medium with poultry droppings was 1.32ppm in active ingredient. The persistence of Altosid 10F in the above medium under 25℃ and 16L-8D photoperiod was assayed with 6-day-old larvae on the 14th, 29th, and 50th day after application. It was assumeP that Altosid 10F in the medium persisted as much as 52.6,43.5,and 19.2% activity of original pereparation on the 14th, 29th, and 50th day, respectively. In the field test 50,25,and 12.5ppm of Altosid 10F were sprayed at 2 liters per square meter by an electric power sprayer onto poultry droppings. Among them 50ppm spray demonstrated an effective control for longer suppression of adult emergence. The emergence inhibition of pupae collected from poultry droppings treated with 50ppm of Altosid 10F were 88.1,74.2,and 46.5% on 7,13 and 19th day after treatment, respectively. The susceptibility of two field strains of fly against methoprene and four commercialized organophosphorus insecticides, diazinon, trichlorfon, dichlorbos, and fenitrothion was evaluated and compared with that of the susceptible laboratory strain, Takatsuki strain, by topical application on 6-day-old larvae. Both field strains indicated high resistance more than 47 fold to all tested organophosphorus insecticides showing maximum resistance level as 330 fold to trichlorfon but no appreciable resistance to methoprene was observed. Therefore, we suggest that methoprene does not have a cross-resistace relation with four tested organophosphorus insecticides in these two field strains of house fly.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K) -
Hirofumi HAYAKAWA, Yohtaro YONEYAMA, Hiroshi SUZUKIArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 315-317
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEgg-batches of Silvius oshimaensis Hayakawa, Takahasi and Suzuki, 1982 were collected from citrus orchard in Amami Island in May of 1973 and 1982. The eggs were found on the underside of leaves of Citrus poonensis Tanaka, that were parallel or somewhat inclined to the ground at the average height of 198cm above the ground. The egg-batches were yellow or yellowish orange in color, and rather pyramidal in shape with 2 to 3 layers of eggs. Average number of eggs per batch was 419. None of the egg-batches was parasitized by wasps. It may be due to the application of insecticides at this orchard.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Tsutomu ODA, Minoru IMAJIMA, Akio MORI, Koichiro FUJITA, Setsuko TSUKI ...Article type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 319-321
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA blood-sucking leech, Hirudo nipponia Whitman, at the early stage was found at the conjunctiva of the left eye of a 63-year-old woman, which caused a heavy lacrimation and a sense of the foreign body without pain. The leech was removed with forceps after it was anesthetized with 0.4% narcotic benoxyl given in the eye. Symptoms on the part of the eye completely ceased after the leech was removed. It is assumed that the leech infestation occurred in a paddy field during her working there.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Yutaka NISHIJIMA, Mitsuhiro IWASAArticle type: Article
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 323-324
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages Cover12-
Published: September 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 02, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (68K)
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