One of the well-known model representing artery system is the four-factor concentrated constant circuit model. It consists from the four factors: central and peripheral resistance, compliance and inertia of blood. In the former report, we proposed a method in which the four concentrated circuit constants can be quantitatively determined. The circulatory parameters calculated by this method before and after sympathetic β-blockade coincided well with the supposed changes of the parameters. However, this model couldn't evaluated the compliance divided in central and peripheral part. In this paper we introduced an approximated radial artery pressure wave-form equation which is adjustable to wide variation of the real measured pressure wave-form. The equation consists of two terms. The first is dominant at the earlier stage of a wave, and the second is at the later stage. We introduced two equivalent circuits corresponding to each terms, then integrated them to unique five-factor constant electrical circuit model by the principle of superposition, in which two capacitors corresponding to central and peripheral compliance are included. For the input voltage to the circuit, we use the wave-form corresponding to the left ventricular pressure approximated by the sequences of half-sine-waves. For the inspection of propriety of this circuit model, we measured the following effects before and after the dosage of vasodilator drug. The responses on radial artery pressure wave-form, average blood pressure, difference between max. and min. blood pressure and stroke volume, can be sufficiently explained by this circuit model qualitatively.

抄録全体を表示

This paper proposes a new VLSI placement method using Genetic Algorithm considering the hierarchical structure of solution space. In the proposed method, we introduce a special solution encoding which represents the hierarchical structure of solusion space, and new crossover operators which can maintain the hierarchical structure of the encoded solution. Making use of the hierarchical nature of the solution space, the proposed method can search the solution space efficiently. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method by applying it to VLSI cell placement problems. Computational experiments show that the proposed method obtains better placement results within less computation time comparing conventional Genetic Algorithm.

抄録全体を表示

This paper deals with the three dimensional laser micro processing in water using rotating beam. This Process was experimentally investigated by irradiation of Q-switched Nd: YAG laser for silicon nitride ceramics. Rotating laser beam with an optional radius made the processed groove wide and flat at the bottom, so that continuous plane was easily processed even under the condition of large feed pitch. The depth of processed groove was precisely controlled by the setting of duty factor of rectangular pulse gate for external Q-switching control. No vaporized substance stuck to the processed groove and plane by the effect of removal in water flow and smooth processed surface less than roughness of 40um Ry was obtained in optimum conditions. Three dimensional microshapes for example quadrangular Pyramids, have been easily processed with high accuracy and efficiency.

抄録全体を表示

The current computer is a complex and large system running at a high speed. Each element exchanges and processes information through the signal lines. In the case that the connections among elements are complex, it is hard to ignore both signal delay caused by the length of lines and noise or troubles caused by mutual-induction.
Therefore, faster and less trouble's transmission device is needed. But the optical transmission has no problem like that. The effective error detection method were studied; in the free space, make the elements give and receive the parallel optical data, and detect the error caused by the transmission in a moment. using the optical character.

抄録全体を表示

Evoked potentials of EEG means sansation, recognition and action of human. Generally, somatosensory evoked potentials are analysises using averaging or frequency analysis. However, averaging analysis is defective in that high-frequency off-phased components tend to cancel each other and so detailed information may easily be lost. On the other hand, in the frequency analysis, time-axis information may easily be lost. In addition, in the past analysis of data, the amount of the fluctuation represented by the 1/f power spectrum has been treated in its entirety as noise. Nevertheless, non-linear phenomena as represented by chaos of fractal indicate the possibility of quantification in numerical analysis.
In this paper, the fractal analysis of event related potential is carried out, and its results are used to examine fluctuational conditions in intellectual activity. In addition, peaks equivalent to N100 or P300 did not show up clearly. This is considered to be because fractal analysis is more suited to the detection of variations in inducement amount rather than that of peaks.

抄録全体を表示

In recent years, a very high-speed divider is required in real-time applications of digital signal processing and robot control and so on. In this paper, a high-speed divider based on high-radix division with selection function is proposed. To clear up problems for using high-radix, this divider uses a new technique which performs in parallel the operations in several quotient-digits. By using restoring division, this architecture can easily select partial remainder by each borrow output from MSB. Then, we propose borrow-save and BLA (Borrow Look-Ahead) as a new fast method of subtraction. Moreover the delay time of the proposed divider is calculated in terms of a delay of one unit such as NAND gate. Finally, by using PARTHENON, a CAD (Computer Aided Design) system for VLSI, this divider is designed and evaluated. As a result, we show that the proposed radix-X divider becomes about log₂X times as fast as the radix-2 divider using borrow-save and BLA method.

抄録全体を表示

There are many cases where fuzzy integral has been applied to identification problems or for predicting the behavior of an unknown N-inputs 1-output system. But these models using fuzzy integral are usually made to over-fit to the case data of the system which includes some noise. This is because the model using fuzzy integral has too many parameters, called fuzzy measures. Some methods to reduce the parameters using the concept of inclusion-exclusion covering have been already proposed. But they are complicated and they cannot be applied to a system that has no inclusion-exclusion covering. This paper proposes a way to reduce the parameters of the model of the Choquet integral. This method reduces the number of parameters by introducing new concepts of independent and dependent fuzzy measures, and then by changing the process to make Choquet integral model into a process to solve a linear regression function. This method is very simple and the structure of the model optimized by this method is easy to understand. This method is an improved and superior method over conventional methods using the inclusion-exclusion covering.

抄録全体を表示

In order to secure the precise straightness, the steel bars is reformed by bender. Up to this time, this bender has been operated by experts. However, the number of experts has been decreasing year by year. Automatic reformation is required.
This paper presents a reformation scheme to cope with variations in physical characteristics of the steel bars, and an estimation method of the stress required to reform the steel bars using a fuzzy clustering method. The results of simulations are highly satisfactory. The precision of reform experiment also satisfies the target.

抄録全体を表示

The construction of supervisory systems of large-scale plants requires various equipment data to be input for showing plant states, analysis, and simulation. Of these kinds of data, using graphical expression rather than textual expression makes it easy to understand connection data between pieces of equipment. Therefore, in many cases, equipment data are entered and manipulated with diagrams, which are called equipment management diagrams in this paper.
On the other hand, various supervisory pictures, which show the behavior of monitored equipment, are also necessary for supervisory systems. These supervisory pictures are based on the above equipment management diagrams. However, the equipment management diagrams can't be used for supervisory pictures directly. After supervisory pictures are made by copying part of the equipment management diagrams, many modification and editing tasks are indispensable.
This paper describes the methods for making supervisory pictures from the equipment management diagram. Acts of modification and editing tasks are defined as conversion rules and applied repeatedly. Our methods have the following advantages. [1] By dividing equipment management diagrams automatically, the equipment groups, which are converted by a conversion rule, are determined. The conversion rules can be defined without redundancy and omission. [2] By designating the modification of connections between equipment as conversion rules, equipment symbols can be placed automatically by the conversion. The conversion rules about the location of equipment can be defined by a simple mouse operation.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, we describe a new word registration method on a speech recognition system which can treat user's specific words for a speech input based application. Since the speech application can be used on various equipments or environments, it is necessary for a speech recognition system on some applications or portable equipments to have a capability that a user can add a new word only by speaking its word, that is, without teaching its spelling or pronunciation to the system.
We use a subword HMM-based speaker-independent continuous speech recognizer for estimating pronunciations for new words. The estimated pronunciations are also used for an unsupervised speaker adaptation process in order to improve the recognition accuracy. The effectiveness of this approach is first investigated by performing the experiment of isolated word speech recognition both on existing lexicon and on estimated lexicon, along with the speaker adaptation processing and conventional DP-based approach. The effect of adding partial vocabulary words by speaking is also investigated. We confirmed that the method works well and this approach is suitable for keyboard-less speech recognizers.

抄録全体を表示

According to the recent knowledge of brain sience, it is suggested that there exists functions distribution in the brain, which means that different neurons are activated depending on which sort of sensory information the brain receives. We have already developed a learning network with functions distribution which is called Learning Petri Network (L. P. N.) and have also shown that this network could learn nonlinear and discontinuous mappings which Neural Network (N. N.) can not. In this paper, a more realistic application which has dynamic characteristics is studied. From simulation results of a nonlinear crane control system using L. P. N. controller, it is clarified that the control performance of L. P. N. controller is superior to that of N. N. controller.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, we propose novel Cognitive Maps using neural networks named Neural Cognitive Maps (NCMs). Owing to the usage of neural networks, the abilities of prediction and modeling of NCMs are greatly improved compared with those of the conventional FCMs. In order to treat time series inputs effectively, each network receives the latest and the past outputs from all of the networks and is trained by backpropagation algorithm. In addition, a novel pruning method is employed to eliminate useless nodes and weights in each neural network. The pruning has two important effects: one is to improve the performance of the neural network; the other is to give useful information for users to estimate causal relation from the pruned neural network. Computer simulation results indicate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed NCMs.

抄録全体を表示

The identification problem for ARMA models is considered without a priori knowledge of either numerator or denominator degrees, from a new view-point based on well established bounded-real functions. Recently, Pillai et al. have proposed the algorithm for ARMA-system identification by using the deterministic theory founded on the powerful concepts in passive networks. We examine their ARMA-system identification method and simultaneously propose a new criterion for the determination of ARMA model orders. Through the numerical experiments, it is shown that the developed criterion is simpler and more practical than the method by Pillai et al..

抄録全体を表示

A construction method of multiple control system which is operated under widely changing environmental conditions is proposed. The multiple control system consists of a nonlinear plant and a multiple controller. The multiple controller is composed of a family of candidate controllers together with a supervisor. Three robust performance criteria for stability and responsiveness are introduced to construct candidate controllers. The basic ideas of adaptation are as follows: (1) each candidate controller is prepared for each environmental condition in advance; (2) the supervisor applies a sequence of real-time trial controls to a plant with candidate controllers just after the control has started and just after the environmental condition has changed. It is important that for a sequence of trial controls each candidate controller keeps the system stable and at the same time uncertainty of identifying the environmental condition to which the system is exposed is gradually narrowed down. So, the most appropriate candidate controller is selected before the last trial control is ended. The feature of the proposed method is that the proposed multiple control system does not require any identification models for environmental conditions. Switching is carried out based on every tracking error between the plant output and each desired plant output which corresponds to each environmental condition. An application to an antiskid braking system clarifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, we propose a new design method of a deadbeat controller by assuming variable period sampler. The deadbeat controller is composed of both the series integral compensator and the local feedback compensator, and these are derived by using the deadbeat control signal. The deadbeat control signal with a minimum period can be easily obtained from a matrix computation using sampled data of the step response of the system.
Some numerical examples and experimental result are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the described method.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, a trade-off analysis in a design problem of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom controller, in which a feedback controller and a feedforward controller share common dynamics is considered, and a design method for the TDF controller is proposed. The design problem of the TDF controller is formulated as a simultaneous optimization problem for these two controllers. Specifically, the problem is formulated as the non-standard H_∞ control problem in which a subsystem from the external input to the measurement output is column full rank. By this formulation the TDF controller can be derived through a one-step design process. As a result, the computational time can be reduced, and the controllers, which share common dynamics, are designed with lower order than those designed with a two-step design process based on the standard problem. Furthermore, a reduced order controller, which has lower order dynamics than a generalized plant has is derived by using free parameters of the general solution.

抄録全体を表示

After a plan has been formed, it is often required to change the restrictions that were considered when the plan was formed. It is desired that new plan is similar to the initial plan, because change of preparation for a plan normally costs money and labor.
This paper proposes a partial plan set relaxation search method (PSRS method) for plan modification. This method can create the plan in which the initial plan is utilized, and modification costs is minimized. It divides whole search space into several partial plan sets, and narrows search space by “bounding operation”. It starts searching partial plan sets near the partial plan set which includes the initial plan, and then searches partial plan sets far from it. In this way, it can searches efficiently and selectively the plans near the initial plan. Applying the PSRS method to plan modification of a simple job shop problem, it has been obvious that the proposed method achieves a proper modification influenced by the difference value and the violation value.

抄録全体を表示

This paper describes a simple version of the full duplex optical fiber transmission system and its application to vibration measurement. The optical circuit configuration of this transmission system is simplified using a laser diode package with a built-in photodiode for monitoring the laser output power. This transmission system can simultaneouslly transmit digital data of up to 9600 bps in one direction, and analog data of DC to 100kHz and an NTSC color video signal in the opposite direction through an optical fiber. This transmission system was applied to vibration measurement. While digital control data was transmitted from the monitoring room to the testing room, analog vibration data and a video signal were transmitted from the testing room to the monitoring room through the transmission system. Digital control data was used to determine the sensing position for the vibration sensor. Analog vibration data was obtained from the vibration sensor. A video signal was used to specify the measuring point. Vibration of components was three-dimensionally read from the vibration sensor.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this paper is to predict more exactly the demand of consumer goods using the non-linear model, Lotka-Volterra model. The model originally gives a description for the ecological system with mutually related groups. The concerning consumer goods has the relation of proper and auxiliary variables. The variation of demand for consumer goods has the strong non-linearity. The conventional identification and prediction techniques for the time series phenomena are not necessarily appropriate for these consumer goods. So, the demand is identified by the non-linear equations with proper and auxiliary variables. In addition, the demand is qualitavely analized by the limit cycle and the variation of the center of limit cycle of non-linear differential equations. The numerical experiment shows that the error ratio compared with the realized demand and the identified one is about 15%. Namely, the demand is widely exhibited by the proposed non-linear model with proper and auxiliary variables.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, we study a robust adaptive output feedback tracking control for uncertain nonlinear systems violating existence of a well-defined relative degree. For this control scheme, the uncertain nonlinear systems are first remodeled into a class of approximate nonlinear models with parametric uncertainty and system uncertainty on some essential assumptions. Then, without causing no overparameterization of unknown parameters, a feedback nonlinear control law and a parameter update law are determined from an approximate linear model and a state observer system via approximate input-output feedback linearization with additional properties. By using this technique, it can be confirmed that both boundedness of all the states and adaptive output tracking objective of the closed-loop system are rendered.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, two fingerprint verification methods based on the discrete and continuous hidden markov model (HMM) are proposed, and those performances are evaluated. First, the optimal number of state for the continuous HMM is investigated. In case of x direction analysis, the number of state is less than the number of state which are necessary in case of y direction analysis, because there is a blank area in the upper part of fingerprint image. Next, the verification abilities of the discrete and continuous HMM are compared. When the HMM for one finger was built from 10 fingerprint images for a fingerprint registration, 100 [%] and 99.9 [%] verification rates were obtained respectively using the discrete and continuous HMM (Type II error 0 [%]). However the memory capacity which is needed for a fingerprint registration is fewer in the continuous HMM, and it is shown that about 6k bytes are necessary.

抄録全体を表示

Recently, as systems become larger in their complexity and scale, a demand for developping autonomous distributed systems have been arisen. However, to design the interaction among sub-systems is one of difficult problems. On the other hand, information processing mechanisms in biological systems such as human beings are considered to provide some solutions against the problem because of their properties such as autonomy, modularity and so on. The immunological memorizing mechanism is realized by many species of lymphocytes/antibodies interacting and constructing a network called immune network. Therefore, we focus on the immune system especially immunological memory and attempt to construct a model how distributed controllers organize itself and memorize appropriate sets of actions taking a approach inspired from immunological aspect. The proposed method is applied to a gait coordination problem of a hexapod walking robot as a practical example.

抄録全体を表示

In this research, We analyze the inverse problem of magnetopneumography and magnetic field pattern produced from the lung using Radial Function Networks (RBFN) with smoothing ability. We show that radial basis function is naturally derived by calculation of the magnetic fields and that RBFN composed of elements with such output function is useful for the inverse problem of magnetopneumography.

抄録全体を表示