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Mitsutoshi Murata, Toshiaki Kitamura, Masahiro Geshiro
原稿種別: Others
専門分野: Others
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
397-400
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
In this paper, we propose microstrip filters with a loaded capacitance of which frequency band can be changed by light-induced plasma in a silicon chip buried in part of a substrate. We analyze the frequency characteristics of the filters by using the (FD)
2 TD method.
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水津 毅, 北村 敏明, 下代 雅啓
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
401-406
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper presents a new 2-stage dual plane comb-line filter. It is shown by experiment as well as by numerical simulations with FD-TD method that this filter has a wide pass-band and attenuation poles just below and above the pass-band. It is also shown that the characteristics of attenuation poles can be explained by considering the 2-stage filter as a series connection of two 1-stage filters and that the attenuation characteristics of the 2-stage filter can be improved by a simple combination of two 1-stage filters adjusted appropriately.
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田川 聖治, 徳永 健二, 羽根田 博正, 井垣 努, 関 俊一
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
407-413
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
An optimal design approach for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filters is presented. The frequency response characteristics of SAW filters are governed primarily by their geometrical structures, i.e., the configurations of respective interdigital transducers (IDTs) arranged on piezoelectric substrates. First of all, for realizing a desirable bandpass filter, the structural design of a three-IDT type SAW filter, which consists of three IDTs and two reflectors, is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. In order to simulate the frequency response of the SAW filter, the least equivalent circuit model of IDT is employed. Then, a variable neighborhood search based on the k-degree-neighborhood is proposed for solving the optimization problem. Changing the number of examined variables in the process of local search, it avoids being trapped in the first local optimal solution found. Computational experiments conducted on the practical design problem of the three-IDT type SAW filter demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed variable neighborhood search.
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Rong Long Wang, Zheng Tang, Qi Ping Cao
原稿種別: Others
専門分野: Others
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
414-420
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper proposes a gradient ascent learning algorithm of the Hopfield neural networks for graph planarization. This learning algorithm which is designed to embed a graph on a plane, uses the Hopfield neural network to get a near-maximal planar subgraph, and increase the energy by modifying weights in a gradient ascent direction to help the network escape from the state of the near-maximal planar subgraph to the state of the maximal planar subgraph or better one. The proposed algorithm is applied to several benchmark graphs up to 150 vertices and 1064 edges. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with that of Takefuji/Lee’s method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is much better than Takefuji/Lee’s method in terms of the solution quality for every tested graphs.
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宮島 廣美, 外山 智也, 駒走 浩次
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
421-429
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
In this paper, some learning methods of cooperative behaviors for a group of mobile agents(robots) that capture fleeing targets are presented.Specifically, the problem that two agents capture a fleeing target, is called the pursuit problem.It is assumed that the system is composed of autonomous mobile agents of the same type and that each agent behaves according to its own transition rules.Transition rules to capture targets are encoded as the genes of each agent and GA applies genetic cooperation to those genes.Transition rules are determined as a function of (1) assignment of agents and targets, (2) sums of product of weights and unit vectors for coordinates of agents and targets.And (3) Transition rules using only weights depending on distance as the special case of (2), are used.Simulation results show that the number of the targets captured by the robots increases as the time passes and, therefore, a cooperative behavior is learned by all the proposed systems.Specifically, it is shown that the model with the condition (1) is the best one in the presented problems.
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並木 寿枝, 古本 友紀, 吉村 宏紀, 清水 忠昭, 井須 尚紀, 菅田 一博
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
430-439
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
An adaptive noise reduction filter composed of Cascaded Sandglass-type Neural Network (CSNNRF) is proposed to develop a hearing aid appliance. The number of unit sandglass-type neural networks (SNNs) is controlled adaptively by noise intensity. Usually the hearing aid works outside where noise intensity is altering all the times. An adaptive noise reduction filter controlled by noise intensity is essential to cope with these circumstances. Each SNN has a three-layer structure and consists of the same number of neural units in the input and output layers and a single neural unit in the hidden layer.
SNN are connected in cascaded to be CSNNRF. The number of unit SNNs is adaptively determined by our algorithms so that hearing intelligibity for speech signal may be processed more preferablely. To determine the number of SNNs, we regard significance on the improvement of intelligibility more than numerical value itself such as S/N ratio of speech signal.
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樋口 淳一, 西澤 典彦, 森 正和, 後藤 了祐, 山根 一雄, 後藤 俊夫
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
440-445
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
The photon-number squeezed light generation using a nonlinear polarization interferometer (NOPI) is analyzed numerically. The NOPI is constructed by the cascade connection of 90 degree twisted couple of polarization-maintaining fibers. Since it is possible to generate photon-number squeezed light by only passing an optical pulse through an optical fiber without spatial alignment, the squeezed light can be generated easily and stably in this scheme. The evolution of the quantum noise for the optical pulse spectra is calculated using the quantized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and linearization approximation. The magnitude of maximum squeezing in the numerical analysis is estimated to be about —13 dB. Since the arbitrary dividing ratio and two outputs can be obtained by merely turning the half-wave plates on the input and output side, photonnumber squeezed light can be generated for the broad input and output power ranges. It is clarified that the generation mechanism is contrastive for the turning direction of half-wave plate on the output.
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王 旗, 仲谷 美江, 西田 正吾
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
446-455
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper proposed a research approach to automatic choreography synthesis based on SMF(Standard Midi File) for multiple animated figures. Based on the K.Hevner’s theory, 8 types of emotion in each beat can be extracted from music structure elements, such as tempo, key, rythm, melody, harmony, pitch, which can be computed from SMF. The time of one beat is limited to transmit the emotion to human. By the analysis of emotion, a music can be integrated to several time intervals, every which includes several continuous beats. The top value of synthetic emotion vector represents the emotion type of the interval. Based on the experiment result of C.Matsumoto, 14 motion factors can be mapped from the emotion of interval.
According to the 14 motion factors, the macro-motions at the terminals of every interval, and the micromotions between every interval can be generated by mapping rules. We made a prototype system and did a subjective evaluation experiment. The result is fairly good at the congruity between generated motions and given emotion music. A successful research to solve these issues should lead to aid the designation of 3DCG animation.
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池田 美鈴, 海老根 秀之, 中村 納
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
456-466
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
In general, it is very difficult to extract human faces from a natural background. In conventional methods, several conditions, such as the number of people included in a picture, the size of a face or the texture of the background are assumed. In this paper, the extracting method of faces from more than one person’s facial area with a natural background is presented, however, in the proposed method, such conditions described above are not supposed. In this system, a facial area is extracted using only the information of skin color at the first frame. After the second frame, the facial area is extracted based on the moving information of a face in addition to the color information.
Computer simulation using 605 frames shows more than 85% extracting accuracy. From the experimental results, the prospects of using this method for the human face identification, image coding or the recognition of facial expressions are very encouraging.
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清水 忠昭, 木本 雅也, 吉村 宏紀, 並木 寿枝, 井須 尚紀, 菅田 一博
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
467-474
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
We proposed two selection methods, 1) selection method by using phonemic environmental resemblance score (PER method), and 2) selection method by searching minimal connective distortion path (MLD method), for small scale speech synthesis system. PER method requires phonemic environmental information for each VCV instance in a VCV unit dictionary. This paper investigated experimentally to what extent we can reduce the phonemic environmental information with keeping high quality of synthesized speech. We verified that two phonemes frontward and one phoneme rearward range to a current VCV instance is enough to synthesize similar quality of speech as five phonemes frontward and five phonemes rearward. This result gives an experimental basis on minimizing a size of VCV unit dictionary.
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坂口 彰浩, 片山 優, 山本 透
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
475-481
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
PID control scheme has been widely used in most process control system. Because the PID controller has a simple structuer, and have three parameters at the most. However, since it is difficult to determine suitable parameters, a lot of researches have been reported with respect to tuning scheme of PID parameters. In this paper, a design scheme of PID control system using a GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) network and a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. Furthermore, the effectivness of the newly proposed scheme is evaluated on a simulation example.
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中村 政俊, 杉 剛直, 池上 康之, 上原 春男
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
482-490
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
An OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) pilot plant consists of two parts; an OTEC system of main part and a heat reservoir system of sub part. The nonlinear separation control method was applied to the controller design for the OTEC pilot plant. The nonlinear separation models were constructed for the OTEC system and the heat reservoir system. The controller for the OTEC system and the heat reservoir system was designed by using the both nonlinear separation models. A detail simulation study showed that the multi-layer controller for the OTEC pilot plant brought a satisfactory control performance by comparing a conventional PI control.
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重丸 伸二, 呉 漢生
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
491-496
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
The problem of the decentralized robust control for a class of large scale interconnected systems with uncertainties is considered. Here, the bounds of uncertainties and interconnections are assumed to be some unknown constants. For such a class of uncertain systems, we propose a class of decentralized adaptive robust controllers which can guarantee that the solution of the large scale dynamical system decreases asymptotically to zero. The proposed decentralized controller needs not the parameters in terms of interconnections, that is, the decentralized controller which is completely isolated is constructed. Furthermore, the adaptive laws are modified by introducing the decreasing function so that we can avoid the high gain controller. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the validity of our results.
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小山 昌宏, 三宅 徳久, 藤井 健二郎, 薦田 憲久
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
497-504
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
A new programming method - named cell control language (CCL) - for factory-automation systems has been developed. In CCL programming, an action sequence of each functional unit in each operation mode is described as a net module. The net module is a subclass of Petri nets, and this subclass is equivalent to a state transition diagram, which is a conventional design method. Moreover, several net modules are automatically merged and translated into an internal code program, which is executed in a cell controller. As examples of CCL application, we present some case studies on cell products developed by using CCL, and then analyze how CCL is used to make net modules for such real systems. These examples show that the easy description by and the modular structure of CCL leads an increase in the productivity of programs for factory-automation systems.
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Qiangxian Huang, Takeshi Hatsuzawa
原稿種別: Others
専門分野: Others
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
505-510
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
A novel piezo-PVDF (Polyvinilidene Fluoride) film stylus has been developed to scan the surface topography for non-destructive and high-step measurement. The operating mechanism of the piezo-PVDF film stylus is similar to that of tapping mode SPMs. Instead of silicon cantilever often used in SPMs, a thin strip of piezo-PVDF film is adopted to form the vibrating cantilever here. Due to the flexibility of the PVDF film and the tapping mode, the scratching force is very small and non-destructive measurement is realized. By experimental measurements, a maximum error and a standard deviation along vertical axis are about 2.0nm and 0.5nm respectively. During an actual measurement on an epoxy grating using the measurement system with the single PVDF stylus, the repetability is proven to be within 4.3nm.
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椎屋 和久, 泉田 喜一郎, サラハ デルウィシュ, 外山 太郎
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
511-516
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper is concerned with the calculation of the epipolar line based on the time series images of a moving monocular camera. The purpose of our research is to present a simple method to calculate the epipolar line with sufficient accuracy for matching between the time series images. In this paper we propose an useful method which allows as to calculate the epipolar line by using the compound sensor that combined a monocular camera and an inertial sensor. The inertial sensor gives us the rotation angles and the accelerated velocity vectors of the camera. First, a pair of camera-images is changed into the relation of parallel stereo vision, by the use of the rotation angles. And the baseline between the parallel images is determined by using the rotation data and the acceleration data. Next, the epipolar line of a targeted point is obtained. Moreover, we show the validity of this method which used the combined sensor that can be applied even when a camera carries out movement of 6 degrees of freedom, by the experiment using the camera images and the inertial sensor’s data.
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江口 徹, 平澤 宏太郎, 胡 敬炉, 村田 純一
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
517-526
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
Recently, various attempts relevant to Multi Agent Systems (MAS) which is one of the most promising systems based on Distributed Artificial Intelligence have been studied to control large and complicated systems efficiently. In these trends of MAS, Multi Agent Systems with Symbiotic Learning and Evolution named Masbiole has been proposed. In Masbiole, symbiotic phenomena among creatures are considered in the process of learning and evolution of MAS. So we can expect more flexible and sophisticated solutions than conventional MAS. In this paper, we apply Masbiole to Iterative Prisoner’s Dilemma Games (IPD Games) using Genetic Network Programming (GNP) which is a newly developed evolutionary computation method for constituting agents. Some characteristics of Masbiole using GNP in IPD Games are clarified.
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米津 大吾, 原 武久, 島田 茂樹, 鍜治 幹雄
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
527-534
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper examines electric field optimizations at the joint of power cables by using evolution strategy((1+1)-ES, (μ+λ)-ES) and genetic algorithm which are so called evolutionary calculation method. The object of the paper is to minimize the electric field strength on the inner curved electrode under the constraint that the electric field strength along the interface between the two different insulators should be below the permissible value. The surface charge method that provides accurate solutions on the boundaries for the multi-layer substances with relatively small number of elements is employed for the calculation of the electric field distribution. Three evolutionary calculation methods are employed for the optimization method. Because these methods employ mutation and rearrangement(cross-over) processes, the shape design can be performed widely and locally. As a result, each method can reduce the electric field strength on the inner curved electrode while the electric field strength along the interface was kept below the permissible value. The search results of each optimization method were compared and found that the (μ+λ)-ES shows the best performance among the three methods.
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Shingo Mabu, Kotaro Hirasawa, Jinglu Hu, Junichi Murata
原稿種別: Others
専門分野: Others
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
535-543
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
A new evolutionary model with the network structure named Genetic Network Programming (GNP) has been proposed recently. GNP, that is, an expansion of GA and GP, represents solutions as a network structure and evolves it by using “offline learning (selection, mutation, crossover)”. GNP can memorize the past action sequences in the network flow, so it can deal with Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) well. In this paper, in order to improve the ability of GNP,
Q learning (an off-policy TD control algorithm) that is one of the famous online methods is introduced for online learning of GNP.
Q learning is suitable for GNP because (1) in reinforcement learning, the rewards an agent will get in the future can be estimated, (2) TD control doesn’t need much memory and can learn quickly, and (3) off-policy is suitable in order to search for an optimal solution independently of the policy. Finally, in the simulations, online learning of GNP is applied to a player for “Prisoner’s dilemma game” and its ability for online adaptation is confirmed.
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平澤 宏太郎, 大久保 雅文, 胡 敬炉, 村田 純一, 松家 裕子
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
544-551
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
Recently, many methods of evolutionary computation such as Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Genetic Programming(GP) have been developed as a basic tool for modeling and optimizing complex systems. GA has the genome of string structure, while the genome in GP is of tree structure. In this paper, a new evolutionary method named Genetic Network Programming(GNP), whose genome has network structure is applied to multiagent sysytems. Hetero Multiagent Sysytems with GNP are studied, where each agent of the same group has its own GNP program in order to build the adaptive agents against changing environments. Specifically, the comparison between Hetero Multiagent Systems and conventional Homo Multiagent Sysytems is carried out in simulations on ants behaviors.
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Dazi Li, Kotaro Hirasawa, Jinglu Hu, Junichi Murata
原稿種別: Others
専門分野: Others
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
552-559
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
A variety of neuron models combine the neural inputs through their summation and sigmoidal functions.
Such structure of neural networks leads to shortcomings such as a large number of neurons in hidden layers and huge training data required. We introduce a kind of multiplication neuron which multiplies their inputs instead of summing to overcome the above problems. A hybrid universal learning network constructed by the combination of multiplication units and summation units is proposed and trained for several well known benchmark problems. Different combinations of the above two are tried. It is clarified that multiplication is an essential computational element in many cases and the combination of the multiplication units with summation units in different layers in the networks improved the performance of the network.
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前田 道治, 宮島 廣美
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
560-567
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
In this paper, we exhibit that partition errors are equivalent to each other when the numbers of inputs in a partition space are mutually equal, and describe that the average distortion is asymptotically minimized. According to the equinumber principle, a creation method of competitive learning is proposed with the objective of avoiding the initial dependency of reference vectors. The present approach which has output units without neighboring relations equalizes the numbers of inputs in a partition space. To begin with, only one output unit is prepared at the initial stage, and a reference vector, according to the unit, is updated under competitive learning. Then output units are created sequentially to reach a prespecified number of neurons based on the equinumber principle, and competitive learning occurs until the termination condition is satisfied. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the present technique in the average distortion. Furthermore the present approach is applied to image data and the validity in employing as an image coding system is examined.
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川中 普晴, 吉川 大弘, 三橋 麗子, 伴野 佳史, 篠木 剛, 鶴岡 信治
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
568-575
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
Recently, Evolutionary Computations (ECs) are widely studied. Generally, it takes a lot of time for the calculation of ECs to acquire expected solutions because they need repeated calculation for searching solutions. In this paper, we propose a new fitness inference method with similarity of chromosomes to reduce the total number of evaluation in GA. This method uses an idea of territory that represents the threshold of similarity of chromosomes, and it infers most of the fitness values of chromosomes without actual evaluation process using other evaluated chromosomes. The time for evaluation can be reduced drastically and the effective search can be done by the proposed method. This paper also studies the territory of the proposed method.
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安田 恵一郎, 浜田 孝行
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
576-584
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
While immune algorithms are proposed based on a somatic theory and a network hypothesis, it has been so far considered that immune algorithms are different from genetic algorithms on the basis of specific simulation results using typical combinatorial and nonconvex global optimization problems. This paper discusses the similarity between immune algorithms and genetic algorithms from the viewpoint of optimization. Simulation results using typical optimization problems are examined from the viewpoint of numerical experiment in this paper, after the similarity is investigated from the practical viewpoint of optimization methods.
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松田 泰明, 濱上 知樹, 小圷 成一, 平田 廣則
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
585-590
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
In this paper, we propose a model of the flow system and consider its formation and validity of the branching structure which is frequently observed in the flow system. To evaluate our model, we use the simulation program which executes formation of the branching structure in the flow system. Here, we define the flow system as a system which transports or transmits a stream of materials, energy and information in the system et al. The flow system is often seen in the natural world and the man-made social system. By analyzing the natural flow systems, it is expected that many useful principles for a design of the man-made flow systems could be obtained. For example, by adaptation to environment through a long term process of evolution, trees, as the flow system of creatures seen in the natural world, seem to have an ideal economical form for low consumption of resources. Hence, we attempt to construct the flow system model by referring to the tree form, and considering optimization and adaptation to environment. Simulation results show that low consumption of cost and efficient absorption of energy are realized by the branching structure.
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石谷 重樹, 三森 定道
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
591-600
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
This paper shows the instability of the total production inventory in a multi-commodity and varying quantity production, and proposes a schedule control for gaining its stability.
The production demand of each commodity is a random variable of a non-stationary process, since a new product is immediately old-fashioned. However, the total production demand is a random variable of a stationary process, since the maker develops new products constantly to keep the working ratio of the production facilities at a high level.
The minimization of the sum of the inventory loss and the changeover loss must be realized by the control of the total inventory, not by each commodity inventory. If the total inventory increases (decreases), the changeover loss decreases (increases) and the effective production capability increases (decreases). The production factory usually tries to maximize its working ratio of the production facilities. Therefore, once the total inventory quantity increases (decreases), it increases (decreases) moreover. This is the instability of the total inventory.
The feedback control for stabilizing the total inventory is a regulation of the working time, not a re-scheduling. The feed forward control is realized by a production schedule..
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Yuedong Xu, Yajie Tian, Nobuo Sannomiya
原稿種別: Others
専門分野: Others
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
601-608
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
Tabu search is a meta-heuristic approach designed skillfully for finding a suboptimal solution of combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper the tabu search with three stages is proposed for solving large-scale flow shop scheduling problems. In order to obtain a better suboptimal solution in a short computation time, three different candidate lists are used to determine the incumbent solution in the respective search stages. The candidate lists are constructed by restricting the moving of each job. Test problems with four kinds of job data are examined. Based on analyzing the relationship between the candidate list and the suboptimal solution for each job data, a common parameter is given to construct the candidate list during the search process. Comparison of the computation result is made with the genetic algorithm and the basic tabu search, from which it is shown that the proposed tabu search outperforms two others.
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浜 克己, 三上 貞芳, 鈴木 恵二, 嘉数 侑昇
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
609-616
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
ジャーナル
フリー
An approach to coordinate motions of transport tables for cellular warehouse problem is shown. In the proposed approach, the tables are considered to be autonomous agents, and a built-in behavior function given by ANNs and the evolved problem-oriented connection weights navigate the agents to their specified goals. To determine the agent to be moved, a measure of the priority to move is introduced, and the measure of each agent changes according to the results of its own motions and local interactions among neighboring agents. The solution of the problem is a motion sequence of agents. Through various numerical experiments, we show the applicability of the proposed method and examine the contribution of the evaluation criteria to the learning result of behavior function.
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小林 由典, 小口 正弘, 雨宮 久美子, 加賀見 英世, 春木 和仁
原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2003 年 123 巻 3 号 p.
617-622
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2004/03/31
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In this paper, emission intensity tables of greenhouse gas (especially HFC, PFC and SF
6) are presented and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) case studies using those tables are discussed.
The emission intensity tables of greenhouse gas are derived from Economic Input-Output Tables (I/O tables) and several statistical data. The emission intensities derived from the total amount transferred between sections in I/O tables become larger than the intensities derived from the actual amount of gases transferred between sections. In order to calculate the intensities of these gases, certain sections of the I/O tables should be decomposed. The I/O tables are modified, adding these sections, which correspond to ″HFC″, ″PFC″, ″HCFC″ and ″SF
6″ manufacturing industries. The emission intensities become large in not only ″HFC″, ″PFC″, ″HCFC″, ″SF
6″ subsections, but also ″Semiconductor devices and integrated circuits″, ″Liquid crystal devices″ and ″Relay switches and switchboards″ sections.
LCA case studies are conducted on a laptop PC and an air conditioner. The greenhouse gas emission at each stage of the life cycle is increased by about 20% for a laptop PC and by about 1% for an air conditioner with the CO
2 equivalent compared with the result calculated by the emission intensity tables of CO
2 and N
2O.
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