「電気関係学会関西連合大会」—特集号によせて—　井上 征則

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Magnetic domain pattern of thin film with the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be observed by a polarizing microscope with a halogen or high-pressure mercury light source. However, it is difficult to measure the magneto-optical M-H hysteresis curve of the film by the microscope. Because, the halogen and mercury lamps are not stable and include much light noise. We noticed this fact and developed a new system capable of both domain observation and tracing of M-H loop by replacing the halogen lamp with a high-power white LED light panel. And we succeeded in the measurement of noise-free magneto-optical M-H loop of a magnetic garnet thin film.

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Our daily life is so far fully dependent on electricity. However, now we encounter the serious problems of global warming and depletion of fossil fuels. At present, the headquarters of power companies monitor the power consumption of the entire power grid. On the other hand, each power station monitors the power consumption in the assigned transmission area. In near future, the purchase of electricity such as solar power and wind power will greatly increase. Therefore, we need to develop and produce a lot of clamp current meters to measure the currents flowing in the transmission line for the purpose of efficient management of electric power.   In this study, we developed new parasitic clamp meter with free space optical data transmission function for 6.6 kV high-voltage power line.

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Recently, phototherapy which utilizes artificial light source like laser and light-emitting diode (LED) has attracted much attention. Among such phototherapies, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is well-known and used in hospitals to cure cancer. The PDT is utilized for lung cancer and skin disease and it combines a photosensitive agent, e.g. Photofrin or Laserphyrin, and laser with a particular wavelength. In this research, we noticed the bilirubin as a photosensitive agent. The bilirubin has a photosensitivity and exists in human body as a metabolite of blood. Experiments were carried out in vitro to inhibit leukemia cells using high efficiency LED light irradiation and bilirubin administration. Experimental results showed that the activated bilirubin by blue LED light irradiation remarkably suppressed the proliferation of leukemia cells in the culture vessel. This fact may pave a new way to natural cure using sunlight or artificial light for leukemia therapy.

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The purpose was also to verify that the precision of this method was at least equivalent to that of a conventional polygraph in a medical facility. I measured an oral throat sound and nose pressure signal at the same time. I measured an oral throat sound when it was with amplitude 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 10% of nose pressure signals. I collected breathing and an oral throat sound at the time of the hypopnea and each average of the Peak to Peak level of the amplitude of the nose pressure signal each and I calculated an oral throat sound and a coefficient of correlation of the amplitude of the nose pressure signal and usually demanded correlations.  At 100% of the nose pressure signal, the throat sound was 25.96 dB; at 75%, it was 18.11 dB; at 50%, it was 14.47 dB; at 25%, it was 8.54 dB; and at 10%, it was 6.61 dB. A strong correlation between nose pressure and throat sound was shown (r² = 0.98, P < 0.001).  The throat sound and nose pressure signal showed a strong correlation, which suggested a precision similar to that of a polygraph in a medical facility.

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The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the tongue movement in an infant during sucking. Therefore, we constructed a system for measuring the force applied by an infant tongue to an artificial nipple using a point-contact force sensor. The force sensor consists of a pressure transducer and a stainless steel ball. Any force applied to the artificial nipple is transmitted to the pressure transducer, via point contact with the stainless steel ball. The sensors are arranged at the tip and base of the nipple to capture peristaltic-like movements of the tongue. This system is portable and resembles a feeding bottle. Since the sucking period, output signal, the order in which force is applied to the sensor, and the time difference are displayed on the integrated LCD screen, measurement results are available immediately. Using this system, we performed measurements on infants with different nutritional states. In infants capable of breastfeeding, sucking involves peristaltic-like movements of the tongue. In infants incapable of breastfeeding, the base and the tip of the tongue contact the nipple at the same time. In addition, pediatricians validated this system, demonstrating that adaptation to the clinic is possible.

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This paper evaluates performance of sidelobe suppression of N-continuous OFDM, Spectrum sculpting precoder (SSP), NCSP-OFDM for a cognitive radio system. The experimental results show that NCSP-OFDM can form a spectral notch as sharply as SSP and does not degrade its error rate in both AWGN channel and multipath fading channel.

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The distance estimation method based on interference of linear chirp sound has been proposed. However, the measurement performance was degraded by additional noise. In this paper, we expand the method to a method that is robust to noisy environments by introducing a concept of synchronous addition and spectral subtraction. Finally, we confirm the validity and effectiveness of the expanded method through experiments.

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In order to better understand neurodegenerative diseases, characterization of neuronal activities at different regions correlated with the resting state brain activity, which indicates the normality of the spontaneous cognition, to sustain the memory of the brain is needed. The signaling dynamics of these neuronal activities are determined by the so-called default mode network consisting of nodes overlapped with the major functional regions of the brain for task-driven cognition and links among the nodes with correlation coefficients. In the case that the brain's signaling system is an integrated network system, which integrates several sub-systems - molecular, cellular, and cognitive networks, and the signaling network of the brain exists as a complex network that systematically determines the function of the brain, how can the coupling relationship among these interacted sub-systems be modelled and quantitatively analyzed. To answer this question, we propose a new modeling method based on the framework of a systems approach extended from probabilistic computational neuro-genetic modeling (pCNGM), which maps individual neuronal signals at molecular level to the brain's signals at regional level. We use the extended pCNGM model where a new theoretical-physics-inspired data structure is used to quantitatively analyze the region-level correlation of the brain which indicates a kind of synchronization and is used as an indicator of quantitative analysis of neuro-dynamics. The results show that the coupling constrained by structural dynamics with quantum effects embedded in the brain's network plays a pivotal role in the synchronization among regional nodes within the brain's spontaneous signaling network.

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Recently, as Internet becomes over ground and most effective for our lives, in higher education, especially information engineering, network and communication are ones of the most important and indispensable subjects for almost all the students to learn in a short period. There are many trials to teach and educate some theoretical and practical understanding of network and communication. In fact, however, network and communication, particularly a viewpoint of Internet, have a very huge scope and include a lot of themes to understand in higher education. So we have developed a limited scope and self-learning oriented facility of application program for e-Learning tool for network/communication study. Our key topics are as follows: Web-based educational tool, Focusing of IP(Internet Protocol), Easy-drawing network topology, Animation of Packet transmission, Illustration of routing mechanism, and so on. We have applied our educational tool into real classroom lectures and had some questionnaires for technical course and beginning course after trial questionnaire for laboratory members. It is confirmed that our educational tool has been significant for learning network/communication based on the above questionnaire.

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Supply chain management is a principle of management of activities that happen between every member in a chain. Information is one of importance factors that helps to keep steady managing. Lack of information or distorted information would cause significant problems for the members. Information sharing between each member in chain is a promising method which can be used to avoid these kind of problems. Therefore, information sharing level should be considered when evaluating a supply chain. This paper develops a framework for containing the effect by information sharing by using network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is one of measure efficiency techniques which is used in several applications. The proposed approach enables firm's manager to find accurate information sharing level for the efficiency of the whole chain.

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In recent years, the concerns for environment and available natural resources have ever grown to a worldwide agreement of developing and promoting the usage of renewable energy sources. The household photovoltaic power system is one of the most promising approaches to utilize the solar energy. The power conditioning unit (PCU) used in conventional household PV power system with a centralized grid-connected inverter has several drawbacks, such as low efficiency, large size, high cost, safety and EMI problem, and lack of reliability and flexibility of capacity expansion.  The authors first propose a DC-link inverter which solves the ground leakage current and EMI problem, bring the concept of modular inverter for photovoltaic PCU which improves the reliability and flexibility, and present a novel soft-switching scheme for the modular inverter. The inverter is formed by a ZVT-PWM boost converter, a ZVS-ZCS-PWM buck converter and a low frequency full-bridge inverter. The ZVT-PWM boost converter maintains the dc bus voltage and provides an auxiliary voltage source for the ZVS-ZCS scheme of the buck converter. The buck converter consists of a main switch and a novel ZVS-ZCS resonant cell, which generates a semi-sinusoidal dc current. The semi-sinusoidal dc current is inverted to sinusoidal and fed to the utility grid by the low frequency full-bridge inverter. No additional stresses are added to the main circuits by the soft-switching scheme. The size of the inverter is reduced because of the high frequency operation while the overall efficiency is kept high. The operating principles are introduced and the circuit is implemented to a 1 kW prototype module. A power density of 0.5 W/cm³ is achieved and the experimental results verify the soft-switching scheme with a maximum overall efficiency of 97% at the switching frequency of 100 kHz.

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This paper presents a Ku-band low-noise block that includes a PLL with very low susceptibility to power supply in a 0.18µm CMOS technology. The front-end down-converts the input signal from the Ku-band (12∼18GHz) to the IF (∼2.1GHz). The fully integrated LNB is dedicated to both satellite receivers and microwave link products. The VCO that includes full differential varactor shows a very low supply sensitivity (Kpss=-0.18 [%/V]) that can eliminates on chip voltage regulator. The LNB performances include 28.2dB gain, -19.3dBm IIP3, 2.5dB NF, and -107dBc/Hz phase noise at 1MHz offset. The front-end consumes 364mW from a 1.8V supply. The core size is about 0.95×2.3 [mm²].

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The Wi-Fi Direct standard for direct device-to-device communication has been defined by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi Direct defines two types of devices: peer-to-peer (P2P) clients and P2P group owners (GO). A P2P GO acts as an access point, and P2P clients are associated with the P2P GO. Wi-Fi Direct defines a P2P power management for P2P GOs and clients. The P2P power management supports two types of power-saving protocols, Opportunistic Power Save (OppPS) and Notice of Absence (NoA). These protocols allow P2P GOs to be absent to save power. However, an absence period leads to higher delay for P2P clients. The number of CTWindows defined in the OppPS protocol during a beacon interval, which is a presence period in a P2P GO, is one. To reduce delay, we propose a temporary CTWindow to increase the number of CTWindows during the beacon interval. Furthermore, we propose the adaptive control of the number of temporary CTWindows based on the amount of traffic. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method reduces delay compared with the OppPS protocol in a high offered traffic state.

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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measures cerebral blood flow activated by neural activities as changes of Oxy-hemoglobin concentrations by using near-infrared light. NIRS signals contain not only neural activities, but also cardiovascular fluctuations, such as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and Mayer wave related sinus arrhythmia (MWSA). Usually, these noises are cancelled by measuring same tasks repeatedly and averaging them. However, this averaging method needs many tasks and long-time measurements that lead to subjects' stress. In this study, we proposed a new method to remove cardiovascular fluctuations from NIRS signals by measuring cardiovascular signals simultaneously and using general linear model (GLM) method. First, we estimated powers of RSA and MWSA in NIRS signals by a respiratory-control experiment. Then, we evaluated the accuracy of the proposed method using computationally generated data. Finally, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in a working memory experiment, which is one of psychological experiment. This result shows our method enables measuring NIRS signals not only more shortly, but also more accurately.

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For elderly people, we imagined an eating monitoring system, that detects electromyogram (EMG) signals by tiny electrodes mounted on artificial teeth. Thus, by placing the electrodes on gums of participants, we investigated the relationship between EMG signals and tongue motions, and evaluated the possibility of the eating detection. Concretely, the EMG signals were measured by two pairs of silver balls (ϕ1mm) used as the electrodes, and the balls were located on participants' gums at neighborhoods of right-and-left canine and molar teeth. It was found that EMG signals could be detected by using only the one pair of the tiny silver ball electrodes located on the gum at the neighborhoods of the canine or molar teeth. Moreover, it was also found that two tongue motions of sticking out and pressing to palate could be recognized by using the two pairs of the electrodes located on the gum at the neighborhoods of the canine and molar teeth. From the facts, eating motions may be detected by analyzing the EMG signals.

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Recently, a line width of integrated circuit has been reduced to tens of nm and a demand for compact micro displacement measurement sensors in the manufacturing process increases. A laser interferometer is used as a conventional method of detecting a micro displacement, but some disadvantages; a weakness for external vibration, difficulties with optical alignment and so on. Then we proposed a compact micro displacement measurement system, which is proof against an external vibration and can detect a micro displacement without an external interferometer, by making use of the self coupling effect of the semiconductor laser. In this sensor system, the sensor head is movable, and continuously vibrates with small amplitude. The sensor head is controlled so that the vibration signal has a maximum. The displacement of target is measured from that of sensor head. It is confirmed that this system can be measured with a resolution of tens of nanometers to several micrometers.

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Abstract A radio frequency identification (RFID) system was developed to monitor the movement of captive deer. Previous studies on the effect of repellent on deer behavior used video tape recording (VTR) to observe the movement of deer through a gate. A substantial amount of time was required to observe the VTR, and individual identification of the animals was impossible. Therefore, an automatic measuring system that enables identification of individual animals was required. The present experiment was performed using exhibition animals at a zoo. An injectable transponder was used to individually tag the animals because external tags, such as ear or collar tags, may have had a negative effect on the appearance of the animal. When a deer passed through the gates, the reader systems logged the transponder ID with a time stamp. A data processing program calculated the number of passages made by each deer from the ID data. The number of passages calculated by the RFID system was compared with that by VTR observation, and there were no significant differences. It is expected that this technology will have applications for behavioral monitoring of exhibition animals without disfiguring their appearance.

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In this paper, we provide a novel method of controller parameter tuning for attenuating the effect of unknown exogenous periodic disturbances. Our approach is based on the direct use of one-shot experimental data obtained in the actual closed loop. By utilizing such a data, we tune the off-line disturbance observer with a nominal model of a plant to achieve the desired closed loop property. We also illustrate a numerical example to show the validity of our proposed method.

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Concentration measurement of oxygen gas is required for better monitoring and control of various types of combustion systems. As compared with conventional zirconia oxygen sensors, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy can provide faster response, with smaller interference of inflammable gases. In this paper we report the concentration measurement of oxygen molecules using the absorption band (A-band) of 760 nm wavelength. A periodically poled LiNbO₃ crystal (PPLN) is employed for the frequency doubling of 1520 nm light from a distributed feedback laser, resulting in the 760 nm output power of 1.8 mW. The wavelength modulation spectroscopy with dual beam configuration enables the cancellation of the common mode noise from diode laser as well as excess etalon noise that arises from optical paths including the PPLN module. With the cell length of 200 mm, the absorption measurement using the R11Q12 line at 760.445 nm has led to a minimum detectable absorbance of 3.7×10^-4 m^-1. A dynamic response faster than 1 s was seen when the oxygen concentration was changed between 0% and 24% while the laser wavelength was fixed at the absorption peak.

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This paper deals with a nonparametric identification of continuous-time nonlinear systems using multiple local Gaussian process (GP) models. Multiple sets of training input and output data are collected to train the local GP prior models. Each local GP prior model is trained by minimizing the negative log marginal likelihood of each set of the training data. The final nonlinear function with confidence measure is estimated by weighted mean of the local estimated nonlinear functions using the predictive variances of local GP posterior distributions. Compared to the standard GP-based identification method, the proposed method can reduce the computational cost and improve the accuracy of identification. Simulation results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed identification method.

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We propose a 3-DOF inchworm-type microactuator which uses levitation caused by vertical vibration. The vertical vibration is generated by a piezoelectric actuator. The inchworm usually consists of thrust elements and clamp elements. The proposed inchworm however does not use any clamp elements. Four levitation elements are connected with four thrust elements which are stacked-type piezoelectric actuators. The levitation element consists of a mass, a piezoelectric actuator and a plate. The vertical vibration of the piezoelectric actuator lifts the levitation elements, and eliminates the friction. By controlling the order of the deformation of the horizontal piezoelectric actuators and the vibration of the vertical piezoelectric actuators, the inchworm moves in the linear and rotational directions. The levitation height and the linear and rotational displacement of the inchworm were measured. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed 3-DOF inchworm. The mechanism described in this paper is effective in a precise positioning system in a cleanroom.

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One of the challenges in human activity recognition is the ability for an intelligent system to discover the activity models by itself. In this paper, we propose an incremental approach to discover human activities from unlabeled data using K-means. The approach does not require prior specification of the number of clusters, or k-value, and has the ability to reject random movements or noise. Simple algorithm is used making the approach easy to implement without requiring any prior knowledge in the data. We evaluated the effectiveness of the approach and the results show more than 30% improvement in precision and 19% improvement in recall when compared to the results obtained using a non-incremental approach with cluster validity index. The achievement in human activity discovery will enable the wide adoption of human activity recognition technologies in the natural human living environment where labeled data are not available.

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We propose an automatic light spot detection method in intracellular images using contextual information. Light spot detection in intracellular images is important for classification of patients condition. However, light spots are detected manually. Thus, we propose a light spot detection method in intracellular images by computer. In general, supervised learning is used to develop a light spot detector with high accuracy. However, there are the cases in which large number of supervised data are not obtained. In fact, in our research, we have only 4 images with supervised signals. Therefore, we use background subtraction and robust statistics to detect light spots because they do not require supervised signals. However, only unsupervised learning does not give high accuracy. In particular, we can not discriminate light spot and noise well. Therefore, we use contextual information which is obtained from neighboring region of a light spot to reduce noise. In experiments, our method is applied to Wnt-3a images and achieved 80.71% which is higher accuracy than a supervised detector with small number of training images.

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The use of the Deep Boltzmann Machine for Neuroevolution in the case of Mario AI is discussed in this paper. The scene information in the Mario AI is transformed into a feature space generated by using the Deep Boltzmann Machine. Experimental results show that the proposed method, i.e., Neuroevolution with the Deep Boltzmann Machine outperforms the one with shallow Boltzmann Machine and other methods.

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A method of hybrid storage system consisting of HDD and SSD for workloads with low access locality is proposed. In case of low access locality, it is difficult to improve transfer rate by existing methods of hybrid storage systems such as cache or tiering methods. The proposed method stores the head portion of the files into SSD, so the time for reading the head portion of the files can overlap the time for justification of magnetic head in HDD. Because of this, transfer rate can be improved to reduce the time of reading whole length of file. In this paper, we assume practical access locality and evaluate transfer rate of the proposed method and that of the existing methods. As a result, the proposed method has an advantage over existing methods when average file size is around 10MB under low access locality such as video sharing.

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The concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum changes in response to environmental pollution, but the concentration cannot be discerned directly. This study sought to use the galvanotaxis of P. polycephalum to estimate the concentration of ATP in P. polycephalum based on its crawling velocity. An experiment verified that the ATP concentration changed in response to an electric current, so the ATP concentration was measured at different currents. As previously reported, pH and environmental pollutants such as sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite harm P. polycephalum and decrease its ATP concentration. Therefore, electrical stimulation was chosen for the current study as a way to increase the ATP concentration in P. polycephalum. The results from a series of experiments revealed that: (1) the crawling velocity of P. polycephalum increased as a result of its galvanotaxis, (2) the ATP concentration increased due to an increase in the amount of current, and number of times it was applied, and (3) the ATP concentration and the crawling velocity of P. polycephalum displayed a linear correlation, and the two were closely correlated. These results thus indicated that the ATP concentration in P. polycephalum changes in response to environmental pollution and that this concentration can be estimated based on the crawling velocity of P. polycephalum. Results suggested that this measurement could be used as an environmental indicator.

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Electron transport in silicon is analyzed using Ensemble Monte Carlo simulation based on analytic band model. For <001>, larger valley occupation in X valleys on the k_z-axis with smaller drift velocity leads to stronger anisotropy of total electron drift velocity. Generalizing from this result, larger valley occupation in X valleys with smaller drift velocity leads to stronger anisotropy of total electron drift velocity. This phenomenon is due to the anisotropy of electron effective masses in X valley.

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This study provides two utilization methods of real-world data using a Kinect-based paint system. Recently, Kinect has been widely used for gesture operation. Although Kinect can detect multiple data simultaneously, most of conventional Kinect-based systems have not effectively used these data. Therefore, we propose two utilization methods: (1) a pen color adopts real-world color data captured from a Kinect; (2) two operation buttons track two sides of a user's hip. Our evaluation experiment has shown that two proposed methods are useful for the Kinect-based paint system.

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This paper describes implement of network environment of the paperless Korean learning support system using a tree-type network. Experimental results show that the tree-type network is robust to the fault tolerance of the network, and the data transmission to an end device of students is faster than the previous network.

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＊投稿手引の改正に伴い，2013年10月1日以降に新規に投稿され，その後掲載決定となった論文および資料には，Extended Summaryがありません。

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