電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌)
Online ISSN : 1348-8155
Print ISSN : 0385-4221
ISSN-L : 0385-4221
131 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の31件中1~31を表示しています
特集:電気関係学会東海支部連合大会
特集論文
<電気回路・電子回路>
  • 飯田 導平, 前野 剛, 王 建青, 藤原 修
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2034-2039
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Electromagnetic disturbances in vehicle-mounted radios are mainly caused by conducted noise currents flowing through wiring-harnesses from vehicle-mounted printed circuit boards (PCBs) with common slitting ground patterns. To suppress these kinds of noise currents, we previously measured them for simple two-layer PCBs with two parallel signal traces and slitting or non-slitting ground patterns, and then investigated by the FDTD simulation the reduction characteristics of the FM-band cross-talk noise levels between two parallel signal traces on six simple PCB models having different slitting ground or different divided ground patterns parallel to the traces. As a result, we found that the contributory factor for the FM-band cross-talk reduction is the reduction of mutual inductance between the two parallel traces, and also the noise currents from PCBs can rather be suppressed even if the size of the return ground becomes small. In this study, to investigate this finding, we further simulated the frequency characteristics of cross-talk reduction for additional six simple PCB models with different dividing dimensions ground patterns parallel to the traces, which revealed an interesting phenomenon that cross-talk reduction characteristics do not always decrease with increasing the width between the divided ground patterns.
<情報通信工学>
  • 佐藤 祐介, 平田 晃正, 藤原 修
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2040-2045
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We made in-vivo measurement of the complex relative permittivity of palm and sole in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 40 GHz with a network analyzer and an open-ended coaxial probe, which was compared with Gabriel in-vitro data for skin tissue to reveal that the in-vivo measurement results are mostly lower than the in-vitro data. For validation, we measured the dielectric constant of Teflon sheet with respect to its thickness from 0.05 mm to 5.00 mm, which showed that the open-ended coaxial probe provides sufficient measurement accuracy for Teflon with a thickness of over 0.5 mm, however, the probe data can be affected by the material beneath the Teflon with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm. This means that the in-vivo palm data derive from the epidermis and the dermis including blood, while the in-vivo sole data come from the epidermis. For further investigation, under the assumption that in-vitro data derive from a mixture of epidermis and blood, we calculated the complex relative permittivity for the compound from the Litchtenecker's law of exponent to show a possibility that due to the inclusion of blood, in-vitro measurement may provide a higher relative permittivity than in-vivo measurement.
<生体医工学・福祉工学>
  • 武田 明, 高田 和之, 長尾 尋智, 王 建青, 藤原 修
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2046-2050
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Before evaluating the quality of hemodialysis from the limited volume of human blood using a commercially available open-ended coaxial probe, we previously measured the complex relative permittivity of pure water from 200 MHz to 6 GHz with respect to its measured liquid volume, and revealed that 1.9 ml water in a beaker with a diameter of 24 mm and a depth of 2 mm gives a variation within ±0.5 % for the real part and ±7 % for the imaginary part. Based on the above finding, we measured the dielectric properties of 2.5 ml whole blood at 25°C for 10 normal healthy subjects and 9 hemodialysis patients. The measured results on healthy subjects show good agreement with the data reported by Gabriel for human blood at 37°C, while they provide different dispersion characteristics of straight lines for their Cole-Cole plots. The measured results on the patients give further different dispersion characteristics in comparison with the healthy subjects. In order to investigate the above differences statistically, the student t-test was conducted to reveal that permittivity at infinite frequency for the Cole-Cole plots is significantly different with a level of 1 % among its averaged values for normal healthy subjects and patients before dialysis.
  • 横井 都司如, 井東 道昌, 小栗 宏次
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2051-2056
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Most of the traffic accidents have been caused by inappropriate driver's mental state. Therefore, driver monitoring is one of the most important challenges to prevent traffic accidents. Some studies for evaluating the driver's mental state while driving have been reported; however driver's mental state should be estimated in real-time in the future. This paper proposes a way to estimate quantitatively driver's mental workload using heart rate variability. It is assumed that the tolerance to driver's mental workload is different depending on the individual. Therefore, we classify people based on their individual tolerance to mental workload. Our estimation method is multiple linear regression analysis, and we compare it to NASA-TLX which is used as the evaluation method of subjective mental workload. As a result, the coefficient of correlation improved from 0.83 to 0.91, and the standard deviation of error also improved. Therefore, our proposed method demonstrated the possibility to estimate mental workload.
<システム・計測・制御>
<知能,ロボティクス>
  • —オオカバマダラの複世代渡り—
    末次 克也, 武藤 敦子, 加藤 昇平, 國立 勉, 伊藤 英則
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2063-2071
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    An artificial ecosystem model was developed to study complex behavior of real organisms. The subject of the research is multi-generational migration of the Monarch Butterfly in North America, and we approached a problem from an evolutionary simulation. The ecosystem consists of artificial agents and five areas. The model is based on real organisms and the areas where they live simulated with a genetic algorithm. We then designed a model of agents that have genetic factors. These genetic factors determine the behavioral strategies, physical features, and transformational strategies of the agent. Each area is modeled on areas where we can see the migration of the Monarch, and the environmental factors of each area change periodically. Because of the genetic factor of the agent and the change of the environmental factors, the agent adapts to the environment and evolves gradually by using a genetic algorithm. Results of the evolutionary simulation show that multi-generational migration behavior of the agent emerges as its genetic factors adapt to periodic changes of the environmental factors in their evolution. The migration process of agents and their genetic factors are discussed, and the migration of the agent and that of Monarch Butterfly are compared.
  • 舟洞 佑記, 矢野 良和, 道木 慎二, 大熊 繁
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2072-2081
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We suggest self motion evaluation method to adapt to environmental changes for service robots. Several motions such as walking, dancing, demonstration and so on are described with time series patterns. These motions are optimized with the architecture of the robot and under certain surrounding environment. Under unknown operating environment, robots cannot accomplish their tasks. We propose autonomous motion generation techniques based on heuristic search with histories of internal sensor values. New motion patterns are explored under unknown operating environment based on self-evaluation. Robot has some prepared motions which realize the tasks under the designed environment. Internal sensor values observed under the designed environment with prepared motions show the interaction results with the environment. Self-evaluation is composed of difference of internal sensor values between designed environment and unknown operating environment. Proposed method modifies the motions to synchronize the interaction results on both environment. New motion patterns are generated to maximize self-evaluation function without external information, such as run length, global position of robot, human observation and so on. Experimental results show that the possibility to adapt autonomously patterned motions to environmental changes.
<音声画像処理・認識>
  • 加藤 嗣, 服部 公央亮, 野村 卓也, 田口 亮, 保黒 政大, 梅崎 太造
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2082-2088
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    3D-Measuring is paid to attention because 3D-Display is making rapid spread. Especially, face and head are required to be measured because of necessary or contents production. However, it is a present problem that it is difficult to measure hair. Then, in this research, it is a purpose to measure face and hair with phase shift method. By using sine images arranged for hair measuring, the problems on hair measuring, dark color and reflection, are settled.
  • 加藤 嗣, 田口 亮, 保黒 政大, 梅崎 太造
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2089-2096
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Phase Shifting Method, measuring method of three-dimensional shapes, is able to measure by high accuracy in short time. However there are some difficulties to acquire three-dimensional data because of phase unwrapping problem which occurs phase unwrapping errors and makes accuracy worse. Some of techniques have been used for avoiding the problem in the traditional methods. One of the traditional methods combines with space encoding method. This method could be robust and high accurate but requires several gray-code patterns other than phase shifting patterns. This makes measuring time longer. In this paper, we propose a correcting phase unwrapping error method which requires only phase shifting patterns to measure objects. The proposal method corrects over 99 [%] phase unwrapping errors. This result is almost same as the result of the traditional method. Therefore we are able to unwrap phase values as same accuracy as the traditional method by our proposal method despite reducing projecting patterns.
<情報処理・ソフトウェア>
特集研究開発レター
<音声画像処理・認識>
  • —回転角と反転の推定精度の向上—
    富澤 圭, 松本 哲也, 工藤 博章, 竹内 義則, 大西 昇
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2121-2122
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We present a method for improving the accuracy of detecting the duplicated regions, accompanied with rotation and/or reversal, in an image. In judgment of reversal and estimation of rotation angle, we add the following processes, 1) paring pixels by principle component values, 2) calculating gradation centroid vectors for each of paired pixels, 3) evaluating the difference in angles and magnitudes between the centroid vectors. We conducted an experiment by using 100 duplicated images. The proposed method gave the correct estimation for 90 images, while the conventional one for 68 images.
論文
<情報通信工学>
<生体医工学・福祉工学>
  • 参沢 匡将, 高野 慎也, 下川 哲矢, 広林 茂樹
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2131-2137
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    In recent times, considerable research has been conducted on the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Although there have been several reports on BCIs that assist motor functions by measurement of brain activity in the motor cortex, only a few studies have reported on BCI that assist motor functions by measurement of activity in areas other than the motor cortex. In this study, we experimentally develop a BCI that assists motor functions on the basis of brain activity in the prefrontal cortex. In this BCI system, subjects are shown the labyrinth problem. Concretely, brain activity is measured using fNIRS and the data are acquired in real time. The signal processing module implements low pass filtering of these signals. Further, the pattern classification module used in this system currently is a support vector machine. 22 subjects, both male and female, volunteered to participate in this experiment. 8 of these 22 subjects were able to solve the labyrinth problem. In this experiment, we could not obtain a high distinction. However, these results show that it is possible to develop BCI systems that assist motor functions using information from the prefrontal cortex.
  • 潘 振興, 土居 伸二
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2138-2147
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a cardiac pacemaker, sinoatrial node spontaneously generates periodic electrical signals (action potentials) in its cells. The action potential generation is deeply related to various ion channels in cell membranes, and the abnormalities of ion channels cause sinus arrhythmia. We use the Zhang model of sinoatrial node cells to investigate the relation between pacemaker rhythm (frequency of action potential generation) and ion channels. The Zhang model is described by the Hodgkin-Huxley-type nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and its parameter values vary between periphery and center cells of sinoatrial node. We analyze the bifurcation structure of the Zhang model, and investigate the variability of pacemaker rhythm and its sensitivity on ion channel conductance changes for both periphery and center cells. Moreover, these results are compared with the previous results of another sinoatrial node cell model: Yanagihara-Noma-Irisawa model.
  • 豊田 計時, 岩井 直樹, 小山 翔太
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2148-2153
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper shows the basic experiment and simulation about peripheral visual field characteristics as visual factor, two major factors for rural districts accident ((1)collision course relationship, (2)within peripheral visual field), from the stand of view that detects recognizing quantitative threshold for shape change (stimulus) in peripheral visual field. It is understood that critical such dimension as diameter for circle, side length for square, triangle, and oval are important to recognize the right angle direction vehicle. These showed that a similar thing applied even if the aircrafts that moved three-dimensional spaces not only the vehicles in two dimensional planes.
    This paper made clear the limit of the peripheral visual field characteristics that is one of the human visual characteristics and also showed no dependency on figure shape as long as the maximum side size is the same as the diameter of circle.
<システム・計測・制御>
  • 泉 智紀
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2154-2164
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the synthesis of tracking control systems, the compensation signal, which is applied in the finite-horizon time, is effective for improving the performance of controlled system. In the past researches, a calculation method of finite-horizon compensation signal and optimal internal state of controller is discussed for the servo-mechanism. In this paper, a design method of a target signal is derived for a tracking problem with some numerical examples based on the our past researches.
  • 三輪 祥太郎, 鹿毛 裕史, 平位 隆史, 鷲見 和彦
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2165-2171
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We propose a probabilistic face recognition algorithm for Access Control System(ACS)s. Comparing with existing ACSs using low cost IC-cards, face recognition has advantages in usability and security that it doesn't require people to hold cards over scanners and doesn't accept imposters with authorized cards. Therefore face recognition attracts more interests in security markets than IC-cards. But in security markets where low cost ACSs exist, price competition is important, and there is a limitation on the quality of available cameras and image control. Therefore ACSs using face recognition are required to handle much lower quality images, such as defocused and poor gain-controlled images than high security systems, such as immigration control.
    To tackle with such image quality problems we developed a face recognition algorithm based on a probabilistic model which combines a variety of image-difference features trained by Real AdaBoost with their prior probability distributions. It enables to evaluate and utilize only reliable features among trained ones during each authentication, and achieve high recognition performance rates.
    The field evaluation using a pseudo Access Control System installed in our office shows that the proposed system achieves a constant high recognition performance rate independent on face image qualities, that is about four times lower EER (Equal Error Rate) under a variety of image conditions than one without any prior probability distributions. On the other hand using image difference features without any prior probabilities are sensitive to image qualities. We also evaluated PCA, and it has worse, but constant performance rates because of its general optimization on overall data. Comparing with PCA, Real AdaBoost without any prior distribution performs twice better under good image conditions, but degrades to a performance as good as PCA under poor image conditions.
  • Hansheng Wu
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2172-2180
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The problem of adaptive robust stabilization is considered for a class of uncertain nonlinear time-delay dynamical systems. It is assumed that the upper bound of the nonlinear delayed state perturbations is a linear function of some parameters which are assumed to be unknown. It is also assumed that the time delays are time-varying, and can be any nonnegative continuous and bounded functions. In this paper, it is not required that the derivatives of the time-varying delays have to be less than one. For such a class of uncertain nonlinear time-delay systems, a new method is presented whereby a class of memoryless continuous adaptive robust state feedback controllers with a rather simpler structure is proposed. That is, being completely different from the related works reported in the control literature, the nonlinear perturbations are not included in the proposed control schemes. By employing a quasi-Lyapunov function, it is shown that the solutions of uncertain nonlinear time-delay systems can be guaranteed to be uniformly exponentially convergent towards a ball which can be as small as desired. Finally, as an application of the results, the problem of water pollution control is considered for uncertain river time-delay systems due to industrial waste treatment facility, and the corresponding simulations are given.
<知能,ロボティクス>
  • 小田 佑樹, 香川 高弘, 宇野 洋二
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2181-2188
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The goal of our study is to develop sensing and control systems for walking on a step using a wearable robot. Our system consists of (1) sensing of a bump from a movement of a walker, (2) detecting a foot placement state related to the bump and (3) generating gait patterns of stepping up and down for the bump. In the generation of gait patterns for the bump, toe trajectories are generated according to the height of the bump to avoid the collision of the swing leg and the bump. A hip trajectory is generated by the optimization technique to minimize the sum total of joint angular jerk of the robot subject to the constrained condition of the hip position and velocity at toe-off. Each joint angle trajectory is calculated from the generated trajectories using inverse kinematics equations. We examined the feasibility of the proposed sensor and control systems for two kinds of bumps with different height.
<音声画像処理・認識>
<情報システム,エレクトロニック・コマース>
<情報処理・ソフトウェア>
  • 福永 隆文
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2211-2219
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Due to advent of powerful and easily available Multi core PC clusters, the computing power per node has been increasing significantly. On the other hand, installation and maintenance costs of powerful interconnection networks (Myrinet, Infiniband, etc.) are still expensive. Moreover, because they use nonstandard protocols and special device drivers, they tend to increase the specializations and complexities both in programming and in operability, and degrade portability. This paper proposes the portable method for improving the performance of bandwidth-oriented parallel applications by increasing the bandwidth without dedicated hardware, drivers, protocols, libraries and IEEE802.3ad (LACP). Since proposed method is introduced only by loading the proposed driver without any modifications to the TCP/IP protocol stacks and to existing applications, it has advantages in both high portability and stability. Proposed method also performs better than LACP, which is the most similar in comparison to proposal, without LACP supported switches and drivers. In addition, LACP performance is influenced both by the distribution algorithms implemented both in switches and in NIC drivers, and by the network parameters such as MAC addresses, IP addresses, VLAN id, etc. used in distribution algorithms. On the other hand, proposed method shows a stable effect regardless of them.
研究開発レター
<電気回路・電子回路>
<生体医工学・福祉工学>
  • —近赤外分光法による検討—
    松崎 周一, 山田 太郎, 和田 安弘
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2222-2223
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recent fMRI studies of human motor function and learning have reported that the magnitude of brain activity involves a decreasing trend over repeated tasks in the absence of improvements in task performance, probably suggesting the effect of habituation. Here we show that similar effect can be detected by NIRS. In experiments, oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) changes were monitored during a finger tapping task over repeated sessions. Results showed that task-related brain activity exhibited a decreasing trend on motor-related areas over the sessions. These suggest that measurements of NIRS may exhibit the brain-induced trends over repetition of simple motor tasks.
<システム・計測・制御>
<ソフトコンピューティング・学習>
  • 中村 宗広, 梶原 祐輔, 金谷 二郎, 木村 春彦
    2011 年 131 巻 12 号 p. 2226-2227
    発行日: 2011/12/01
    公開日: 2011/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    To improve prediction accuracy in pattern recognition, many approaches using multiple classifiers are being presented nowadays. On the other hand, pattern recognition to time-series data such as video sequences are still challenging due to the real-time requirement. In this paper, we present a novel method for pattern recognition of video sequences using prediction probability calculated by a pattern classifier. Generally, in applying pattern classifier to video sequences, predicted classes are often partially fragmented. From the idea that prediction probabilities of the video sequences which have same recognition pattern would be similar to each other, the proposed method corrects the fragmented classes to correct one using the similarity of prediction probabilities. Evaluation experiments have shown that the proposed method works well to the system which estimates handlings for flexible cystoscope.
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