This paper relates to ZnO thin films applied to SAW filters as consumer electronic products. The sputtering processes were investgated under consideration with mechanical deformations such as cracks at ZnO edges of the glass substrates. A new metal mask were designed and introduced into the ZnO sputtering processes to resolve the problems such as the ripples in the SAW filter responses due to reflections at the free edge of ZnO film and the glass cracks occured at the film edge after or during ZnO sputtering. It was cleared that the new metal mask had great effects on their troubles.

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With increased demands on optical fiber cable removing, a system which reduces circuit quality degradation caused by optical fiber switching has been strongly required. The optical switching elements and optical fiber switching systems were studied to aime at shortening optical switching time, optical loss and other optical specifications. However, the circuit quality degradation cannot be evaluated by these specifications. From this reason, the study on the circuit quality degradation caused by optical fiber switching is important and the study must comprehend the transmission system performance after optical fiber switching.
To analyze the circuit quality degradation during optical fiber switching, the standard analysis model and the optimum analysis parameters were defined. With them, the frame hunting time after optical fiber switching was theorically studied and influence on a working transmission system was estimated. The circuit degradation was evaluated experimentally as to an actual transmission system and experimental results agreed with the estimation. Moreover, by utilizing results of these studies, it was found that the reduction of circuit quality degradation can be firmly realized and concluded that the effect of these studies were verified.

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Effects of discharge instability and gas kinetics on the laser output energy of a transversely pumped KrF laser are discussed. Time evolution of laser power at 248nm, Kr₂F^* emission intensity at about 420nm, light intensity over 580 nm representing an existence of glow and arc discharges are experimentally obtained, where fractional densities of krypton and fluorine are varied from 1 to 8% and from 0.1 to 0.7%, respectively. Krypton gas dependency of laser output energy can be explained by the gas kinetics which is based on the behaviours of excited krypton Kr^* and trimer excimer Kr₂F^* When the fractional krypton density G_Kr is increased from 1 to 4%, the laser output energy increases owing to the increase of Kr^* density. For over 4% of G_Kr, Kr₂F^* density produced by three-body quenching reaction of KrF^* excimer becomes larger. As a result, the laser output energy decreases. For more than 0.4% of fractional fluorine density G_F2, it is seen that light intensity transmitted over 580nm becomes strong remarkably in the first half cycle of the current. This remarkable change of the light intensity shows an occurrence of the discharge instability bringing termination of the lasing. Accordingly, when G_F2 is varied, the discharge instability is clarified to be a main factor of affecting the laser output energy.

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Oil/Water interface was formed across a micropore constructed by semiconductor technology. By using the micropore, remarkably stable potential oscillations of a lipid membrane were obtained. The oscillation amplitude and the oscillation period can be controlled by changing the pore diameter. This “size effect” is strongly effective to clarify the mechanism of oscillation phenomena in the biomimetic membrane system. In order to clarify the mechanism, the dynamic behavior of a lipid across a micropore during the self-excited potential oscillation phenomenon was observed by an optical microscope. As a result we have found that the potential change during self-excited oscillation was quite synchronous with the expansion and shrinkage of the domelike lipid aggregate formed in the water phase. The oscillation was also controlled by applying the hydrostatic pressure to the pore. In this paper, we will show this “hydrostatic pressure effect” was qualitatively consis-tent with the “size effect” because the suface area of the oil/water interface deforms by changing the hydrostatic pressure. We will also show the detail description of the self-excited potential oscillation of lipid which can be controlled by the size of dome formed across the micropore.

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As ultrasonogram constructed from reflected echo signals has a large dynamic range in its image. Echo signals are observed, appearing sometimes with fluctuations due to a tissue movement and weak echoes are mingled with scattered noise. Such phenomena make it difficult to identify a tissue (specially a weak-echo reflecting tissue) in its original ultrasonogram.
This paper proposes a method to detect echo signals from a tissue with involuntary movement, by using the periodic property appeared on a set of multiple ultrasonograms of the same scanning cross section. The introduced spectrum discrimination method is examined together with the relating moving average method from practical and characteristic points of view.
This method is applied to ophthalmic tissue, yielding a useful processing.

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The paper develops an automatic dynamic measurement system which measures the heaving and rolling of ship by using accelerometers adequately located on the ship. By introducing the dynamic models for the heaving and rolling and using Kalman Filters, the system enables on-line measurement of those quantities. The validity of the proposed system is lastly demonstrated by simulations and experiments.

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H_∞ control theory has been vigorously studied until now. However, relations between the free parameters and pole palacement are not clear. In this paper, we discuss the method that shifts only the specified poles in robust control problem, in which the H_∞ norm of the complementary sensitivity function is minimized by state feedback control. As a result, it is shown that it is possible to shift the specified poles to the desired regions and especially to shift asymptotically poles less than input numver to-∞

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A method for detecting the three lane markers in a set of continuous two-lane highway images using linear approximation is presented. The system is designed for accurate and robust extraction of this data as well as high processing speed.
After edge detection, vertical vibration in the image is measured, and the edges of the lane markers are approximated using line fitting. The vanishing point and line gradients are estimated, assuming that all lines cross at the vanishing point. A least squares method is used with conditions derived from the time and space relationships between the measured lines, the vertical vibration, and the results from the previous frame.
High accuracy was proven by quantitative evaluation using simulated images. Both robustness and the practicality of real time video rate processing were then confirmed through experiment using VTR real road images.

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