In previous reports, Zeldow, Matsumura et al., and Kerr and Dogon have reported that an antilactobacillus factor, which required thiocyanate as a cofactor, is present in whole and pure saliva of human beings. Zeldow has referred to this system as the “lactobacillus bactericidin”, whereas Matsumura et al. have termed it the “salivary antibacterial factor or S.A. Factor”. Kerr and Dogon have called it the“antibacterial factor in parotid secretion”.
The data suggesting the origin of the S.A. Factor have been described in our laboratory. The activity of the S.A. Factor was observed not in human and some mammalian sera, but in human parotid and submandibular saliva. The similar activity was also demonstrated in the extract of salivary glands of rat, guinea pig and cow. These results suggest that the S.A. Factor may be produced by the salivary gland. The origin of the S.A. Factor, however, is obscure.
This paper is concerned with demonstrating the activity of the S.A. Factor in human submandibular glands which was resected surgically from the 8 patients with oral cancer other than salivary gland.
Five ml of saline was added to one gram of the minced gland. After homogenization, the homogenate was centrifuged at 13, 000 × g for 30 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was used as the glandular extract.
From the experiments the followings were clarified.:
1. The activity of the S.A. Factor was not observed in the human submandibular gland extract alone. The content of thiocyanate in the extract was not sufficient (mean value 27 μg/ml) for demonstrating the activity of the S.A. Factor. Moreover, the amount of sulfhydryl groups which depresses the activity of the S.A. Factor was contained in the extract mean value 2.0 × 10^-4M).
2. When the sufficient amount of thiocyanate (1 mg) was added to the extract, the activity of the S.A. Factor was apparently demonstrated in all cases. Specific activity of the extract was lower (mean value 0.7 × 10³) than that of the whole saliva (mean value 2.3 × 10³). Furthermore, on addition of subtoxic amonunt of CuSO₄ (final concentration 4 × 10 ^-5M) as a -SH group reagent, the activity of the S.A. Factor was increased twice as much as the activity without CuSO₄.

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Several hydrolytic enzymes, including alpha-amylase, have recently been proved to be of antiphrogistic effect. And favoable effect on oral diseases has also been reported by Monica. Present paper is the results of some examination concerning with the possibilities of prevention of calculus formation and of elimination of inflammative state found at the chronic periodontal lesion through local administration of alpha-amylase buccal tablet.
As the preliminary trials, antiphrogistic effect of a crystalized preparate of bacterial alpha-amylase were examined in the respect of histological change apeared on the Selye's subcutanous pouch of hamsters. Number of leucocytes appeared after injection of certain amount of croton oil in the pouch reduced approximately one tenth when 0.5 mg α-amylase was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the administration of the croton oil. Table In addition, intraoral population of Lactobacilli, examined at 6 persons, increased approximately 2.5 time more than the average change of Lactobacillus count during 30 minutes after the meal. (Table 3)
Clincial examination of the diasmen buccal, an alphanamylase preparate, was carried among 21 persons of active calculus formation who deposited more calcium than 0.6 mg during 30 days around both mandibular incisors. Three buccal tablets a day were given after each meals for 30 days. And it was resulted that the reduction of average calculus formation from 1.37 mg to 0.58 mg during 30 days. The reduction after use of the buccal tablet was proved to be statistically significant. (Table 4)
In the same examination, it was also found that the number of people who had more sites of the pathological pocket than one in his mouth reduced from 26 to 17. This result has also been proved to be of statistical significance. (Table 5)
It was considered that more sugar originated by the enzymatic action of the alpha-amylase from the dietary carbohydrate retained on the tooth surface after meal and might have caused rise of glycolytic oral organisms and reduced activity of calculus formation. And the antiphrogistic effect of the same enzym may have reduce the swelling of the soft tissue wall of the daradental pocket.

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In the 41st year of Showa, the percentage of caries exerienced persons of 10, 318 pupils of 12 primary schools in Kumamoto prefecture amounts to as high as 62.63%=6, 486 (_??_ 57.83, _??_67.45.) And almosf all the patients 6.462, 99.63 % suffer from six-oear molar caries, in which 5, 743 (88.54%) with only six-year molar caries are included. Thus, pupils whose caries are confined to the teeth except six-year molars are so few as 24 (0.37%). In other words, it may be allowed to regard permanent tooth caries of school children as six-year molar ones.

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The purpose of the treatment after dental examination for school children must be applicable effectively and adequately to school education and its administration incorporating dental subjects.
For the present study, attempt was made to serve as an aid to health-promotion of school children by means of authors' new idea on statistical treatment to satisfy the above purpose.
As the materials of the present study, a total of 953 school children of a certain elementary school in Tokyo were subjected to the dental examination in April, 1961, their ages ranged from 6 to 11, and the teeth examined have amounted to a total of 19, 713 deciduous and permanent teeth.
These materials were divided into the group of all members and the group classified by each age.
The teeth were divided into deciduous teeth and premanent teeth, and each of them was classified by tooth, then, observation was made on def and DMF teeth.
The results obtained were as follows.
1. The percentage of children with one or more def teeth was 74.50 per cent, and percentage of children with one or more DMF teeth was 74.60 per cent. Average number of def teeth per child was 4.33, and that of DMF teeth was 2.1.
In view of the group classified by each age, there observed a tendency that def teeth were decreasing and DMF teeth were increasing in the advancement of their ages.
Percentage of teeth with one or more def teeth was 59.25 per cent, and the percentage of teeth with one or more DMF teeth was 16.20 per cent. Both showed an increasing tendency in the advancement of their ages.
2. The following shows each percentage of the possessors classified by tooth; as regards def teeth on the upper jaw, central deciduous incisors - 12.90 per cent, lateral deciduous incisors - 19.20 per cent, deciduous canines - 27.38 per cent, the first deciduous molars - 41.86 per cent and the second deciduous molars - 61.59 per cent; while as to the lower jaw, central deciduous incisors - 2.20 per cent, lateral deciduous incisors 4.51 per cent, deciduous canines - 24.02 per cent, the first deciduous molars - 47.84 per cent and the second deciduous molars - 47.53 per cent.
As for DMF teeth on the upper jaw, central incisors - 1.78 per cent, lateral incisors - 1.57 per cent, the first premolars - 4.72 per cent, the second premolars - 8.18 per cent, the first molars - 42.18 per cent and the second molars - 3.48 per cent: as regards the lower jaw, central incisors - 1.15 per cent, lateral incisors - 1.25 per cent, the premolars - 1.04 per cent, the second premolars - 2.20 per cent, the first molars - 72.08 per cent, the second molars 20.93 per cent, and there observed no canine tooth on both the upper and lower jaws.
In view of the group classified by each age, def teeth showed a decreasing tendency, and DMF teeth showed an increasing tendency.
3. As regards the relationship between each value on the number of def teeth and DMF teeth in the group classified by each age, the relationships between def and DMF teeth numbers were observed on the basis of the percentage of possessors obtained in most easy way, as the results, significant or highly significant correlations were observed on the percentage of the possessors of def, the average number of def teeth per child, def canines on both the upper and lower jaws, the first deciduous molars and the second deciduous molars on def, and also on the percentage of the possessors of DMF, average number of DMF teeth per child, and the first molars of the upper and lower jaws on DMF.
These relations were expressed in the equations of straight and curve regression, and so regression straight and curve can be obtained, therefore, simplification was achieved on each value of def teeth.

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It has been reported by many authors that several fluoride compounds have caries inhibiting effect. We try to study the influence which the difference of chemical properties of these fluoride compounds may exert on fluoride uptake and solubility reducing effect on enamel powder.
Human enamel powder was treated with eighteen different fluoride solutions F 1000 ppm, pH 4.0, and each was tested about fluoride uptake and reduction of enamel solubility in acetate buffer solution. Consequently, when enamel powder was treated with the solutions of alkaline fluoride compounds, fluoride uptake was much higher than others. But concerning to solubility reducing effect on enamel, heavy metal fluoride compounds especially those which the metal made complex ion with fluorine in water, were superior to others.
From these results, in order to study concerning to these compounds in detail, fluoride compounds which had different ions in the resolved aqueous solution were selected (SnF₂, NaF, Na₂PO₃F, Sn₂P₂O₇-NaF). And they were tested about fluoride uptake and solubility reducing effect on enamel powder under different conditions of pH (pH 3, 4, 5) and fluorine concentration (F 500, 1000 ppm).
At pH 3.0, sodium fluoride was most effective on reducing of enamel solubility, but at pH 4.0 and 5.0, tin containing compounds were the best at both fluorine concentration. The compounds except stannous fluoride was greatly affected by pH, and solubility reducing effect decreased with the rise in pH. But stannous fluoride was hardly affected by pH and the enamel destruction during fluoride treatment was also smaller than others.
From these results, we conclude that the existence of heavy metal in addition to fluorine is necessary for the solubility reducing effect of early decalcification period. Especially, stannous fluoride have prominent effectiveness on solubility reduction on enamel and it is not affected by pH.

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Oral examination of 5055 pupils of 7, 11 and 14 year-ages of both sexes was done in 27 primary and junior secondary schools of the inland farm and the coastal fishing villages in Tohoku district of Japan. The gingivitis findings were expressed by PMA index of Massler and Schour, and the morbidity of the each age group of the both areas was compared according to the index group.
The morbidity was significantly higher in the inland farm area at the every age groups of both sexes. Also the mean PMA values were higher in the inland farm area than in the coastal fishing area at the groups of 11 and 14 year-ages with significance level of P<0.01.
Significant difference in the morbidity of gingivitis between both areas infers that the nutritional condition in early life might influence the development of gingivitis and its exacerbation to pyorrhoea in later life.

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