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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 44, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Yoshikazu OKAWA, Naoki SUGIHARA, Yoshinobu MAKI, Hirohito ISHIHARA, Yo ...1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 2-8
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of root caries in an elderly Japanese population. A total of 265 elderly people over 60 years of age were examined between 1990 and 1991. Of these subjects, 161 dentate elderly people, who had 12.8 present teeth on the average, were available for assessment. The proportion of sujects with gingival recession in this population was 62.3% in the 60-69-year-old group, 45.9% in the 70-79-year-old group, and 38.2% in the 80+-year-old group, with an average of 49.7%. The percentage of the subjects with one or more cases of active root caries was 13.7%. The prevalence of active root caries ranged from 10.8% at age 70-79 to 17.6% at age 80+. The proportion of persons with active and/or inactive root caries ranged from 18.9% at age 70-79 to 24.5% at age 60-69. The percentage of subjects with active and/or inactive caries and/or root fillings varied from 23.5% at age 80+ to 32.1% at age. 60-69. The prevalence of active root caries in the subjects at risk (with gingival recession) was 27.5% on the average and ranged from 23.5% at age 70-79 to 46.2% at age 80+. The percentage of persons with active and/or inactive root caries and/or root fillings in the subjects at risk ranged from 51.5% at age 60-69 to 61.8% at age 70-79. The mean number of teeth with active root lesions was 0.24 per person and the mean number of teeth with root fillings was 0.37 per person. The percentage of subjects with root abrasion ranged from 10.3% at age 60-69 to 37.0% at age 80+, and the mean number of teeth with root abrasion was 0.72 per person. These results suggest that the prevalence estimate of root caries varies with changes in the diagnostic criteria and definition, and seems to be influenced by filled abrasions and the number of present teeth as complicating factors. In an elderly population, we recommend that factors involving root lesions, such as active and inactive root caries, root fillings, root abrasion, and the number of teeth must be included in an estimate of root caries prevalence.View full abstractDownload PDF (1283K) -
Katsuhiro SATO1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 9-21
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCadmium (Cd) and fluoride (F) affect the metabolism of hard tissues, but their effect on human beings is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Cd and/or F on DNA and protein syntheses of human cultured cells. Four human gingival fibroblast primary cultures (GF-5, 6, 12 and 13 cells) and two human malignant cell lines (HeLa S3cells and KU-2 cells) were used. All cells were grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. After 24hr incubation, cells were cultured in media containing CdCl2 and/or NaF in order to study their growth, DNA and protein synthesis, and intracellular Cd level. The growth and DNA synthesis of cells were inhibited by 2.0mM NaF or 10-4mM CdCl2. The incorporation of 14C-leucine in cells was increased by 0.5mM NaF or 10-5mM-10-4mM CdCl2. The enhancement of incorporation of 14C-leucine was greater in cells exposed to NaF plus CdCl2 than in cells exposed to CdCl2 alone. Increased incorporation of 35S-cysteine in cells was observed with 10-5mM-10-4mM CdCl2 or NaF plus CdCl2. However, F had no effect on the incorporation of 35S-cysteine. Gel filtration was performed with Sephadex G75. 35S peak was found in an metallothionein (MT) fraction. The intracellular Cd level was lower in gingival fibroblasts than in malignant cells. These results indicate that Cd induced the synthesis of MT in both human gingival fibroblasts and malignant cells. It also seems that F has the ability to stimulate the inducement of MT synthesis by Cd.View full abstractDownload PDF (3151K) -
Shoichi KATO, Haruo NAKAGAKI, Nobuyuki KIMATA1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 22-29
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the study was to examine the effect of water fluoride content on the fluoride profile across the entire thickness of the cementum and root dentine of human permanent anterior teeth using an abrasive micro-sampling technique (Weatherell et al. 1985). Twenty eight human permanent anterior teeth, aged from 30 to 60 years were analyzed. One group was obtained from a naturally fluoridated area (West-Hartlepool in the UK: fluoride content in drinking water 1.0-1.3 ppm) and the other from a non-fluoridated area (Leeds in the UK: fluoride content in drinking water is less than 0.1 ppm). A slice, about 300μm thick was prepared bucco-lingually on a slide of 28 human permanent anterior teeth. Each specimen was divided into 3 parts, one near thecement-enamel junction (CEJ), a second at the middle of the root dentine, and a third near the root apex. Using a thine diamond disk, parallel blocks of tissues about 1 mm wide were cut under a dissecting microscope. Layers of cementum and root dentine were abraded using abrasive micro-sampling until the pulpal surface of the root dentine was reached. Fluoride and phosphorus contents were determined for each sample. The results were as follows;
1) Fluoride concentration was higher in teeth samples taken from the naturally fluoridated area (WHP) than from the non-fluoridated area (LDS).
2) Average fluoride concentration and age had a positive correlation in WHP dentine middle region (r=0.79, p<0.001) and in the apex region (r=0.61, p<0.05), and in WHP cementum cervical region (r=0.67, p<0.01).
3) An analysis of variance suggested that the area, age and number of years lived in the area combined with age were significant.
We concluded that the WHP group had a higher fluoride concentration than the LDS group in cementum and root dentine throughout life, suggesting that topical and ingested fluoride application are effective in preventing adult root surface caries.View full abstractDownload PDF (1300K) -
Katsutoshi KONDO1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 30-36
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to determine the fluoride distribution profile in rat molar cementum and growth.
Fifty-four female Wistar rats were used for the experiment. Six rats were killed under chloroform anesthesia at 4 weeks of age before the experiment. The other forty-eight rats were divided into two groups: one was a control group given distilled water and the other was a fluoride group given water containing 100ppm of fluoride. Six rats from each group were killed at the ages of 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks.
The fluoride distribution in the molar cementum was analyzed from the surface to the cementumdentine junction by abrasive micro-sampling.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The fluoride concentration in molar cementum of the distilled water group did not increase until the age of 24 weeks and then increased a little to the age of 48 weeks.
2) The fluoride concentration in young rats which drank water containing 100ppm of fluoride increased markedly with age both in outer and inner regions of the molar cementum.
3) On the other hand, the fluoride concentration in older rats which drank water containing 100ppm of fluoride was significantly higher in the outer than in the inner region of the cementum.
4) I concluded that the fluoride uptake of rat molar cementum continues throughout life as in human cementum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1317K) -
Kazuo ISHIGAMI, Yoshihiko NAGASE, Takeshi SASAKI, Norio CHINUSHI, Sumi ...1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 37-46
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate the promotion programs for dental health carried out by “joint public and private enterprises”in each prefecture in Japan.
We sent questionnaires to 47 prefectures. Its content consisted of items such as existence of organizations founded by the joint and private enterprises, the type of organization, the composition of the secretariat, the programs carried out, the budget, etc... We analyzed the data from 10 prefectures which responded. In terms of budget, the foundations in Nagano and Niigata Prefectures were the most advanced ones. In 1991, total expenses in Nagano and Niigata were ¥61, 660, 000 and ¥55, 770, 000, respectively. The sources of revenue and expenditure in each enterprise were different. In Niigata, both the revenue and the expenditure of the enterprise were relatively high, and in Nagano, the revenue from subcontracts and the personnel costs were relatively high. The fluoride usage was the main program in Niigata. Although we did not analyze the oral health situation in these prefectures, we considered that priority should be given to effective programs, such as the appropriate uses of fluoride, rather than only to dental examinations or information dissemination. The characteristic of public institutions is planning, while that of the private sector is flexibility in adjusting to different situations. The public institution and the private sector should cooperate more closely so that the activities of the joint public and private enterprises can be more effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (2120K) -
Kitaru TAKEUCHI1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 47-55
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, fluoride profiles were examined in teeth from Chemnitz (Karl-Marx Stadt) with fluoridated drinking water (F: 1.0ppm) and control areas (Erfurt (F: 0.2ppm) and Nagoya (F: 0.1ppm) ) with non-fluoridated drinking water. The fluoride concentrations in all premolar teeth of children aged 10-14 years old were determined in a series of samples extending from the enamel surface through the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) to the dentino-pulpal junction (DPJ), using an abrasive micro-sampling technique.
The results were as follows;
1) Fluoride profiles in the three areas (Chemnitz, Erfurt and Nagoya) were similar in general.
Concentrations of fluoride were high in the outermost layer of enamel, and then decreased sharply towards the inner enamel. In the inner enamel, concentrations tended to level off with a small increase near the DEJ. Higher levels of fluoride in the dentine than in the enamel were observed near the DEJ. This heightened dentine fluoride level then continued to a distance of about 300μm from the DPJ. There were sharp increases of fluoride levels in the dentine near the DPJ.
2) At every depth of enamel and dentine, the fluoride levels in Chemnitz were 2-3 times higher than in the control areas (Erfurt and Nagoya). No significant difference in fluoride levels was found between Erfurt and Nagoya.
3) There were relatively high concentrations of fluoride in the enamel and dentine near the DEJ, as well as near the enamel surface and in the dentine near the DPJ.View full abstractDownload PDF (1733K) -
Minoru YAGI, Seigo KOBAYASHI, Akihito TSUTSUI, Yuka GUNJISHIMA, Ming-j ...1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 56-61
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Hajime NAKAMURA1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 62-71
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to examine fluoride concentrations at different sites on tooth surfaces of permanent premolars after use of dentifrices with different fluoride concentrations.
A pair of extracted premolars from each subject was examined; one was used for a control, and the other was extracted for this experiment two weeks after the control. During the two weeks the subject used one of three kinds of dentifrices: 1, 000ppmF, 100ppmF, and 0ppmF.
The fluoride and phosphorus concentrations of surface enamel were determined by Weatherell's micro-sampling with an electrode and by colorimetry, respectively. Three sites on the buccal, one site on the occlusal, and one site on the mesial surface were investigated. The results were as follows;
Fluoride concentrations at the center and occlusal buccal sites were higher in the 1, 000ppm group than in the control groups. Significant differences were observed at 10 and 20μm depths in the enamel.
Fluoride concentrations tended to be higher in the 100ppm group than in the control groups at the outermost surfaces of the bucco cervical and mesial surfaces. There were no significant differences in 0ppm dentifrice between the two groups.
It was concluded that the use of 1, 000ppm dentifrices was the most effective for the uptake of fluoride on enamel surfaces in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (1749K) -
Shizue MARUYAMA1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 72-78
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the object of studying the relationship between the self cleaning ability of deciduous teeth and the tooth locations where dental caries tend occur most frequently, glucose clearance was tested in young children. The subjects were 38 kindergarten children aged 3 to 4years. One by one, the subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with 10ml of a 0.5M glucose solution for 15 seconds before spitting it out. Three minutes after they put the solution in their mouth, a paper point was used to collect samples of saliva from the labial and buccal surfaces of the upper and lower deciduous teeth. The concentration of residual glucose in the small amounts of saliva collected was measured with a Sugar Analyzer.
The study led to the following conclusions.
1) The residual glucose concentration was significantly higher on certain deciduous teeth than on others in 3-and 4-year-old children: it was higher for the upper central incisors (upper A) than for the upper first molars (upper D), but lower for the lower central incisors (lower A) than for the lower first molars (lower D). In other words, the highest residual glucose concentrations were found on the upper central incisors and the lowest on the lower central incisors.
2) In 3-year-old children the tooth with the highest residual glucose concentration was the upper central incisor (upperA). The types with the lowest residual glucose concentration were the lower central and lateral incisors (lower A and B). In descending order, the residual glucose concentrations were upper A>upper D>upper B>lower E, lower D, upper E>upper C>lower C>lowerA, lower B.
3) I deduce from the above data that the upper front deciduous teeth are in an environment that makes them the most susceptible to dental caries, the molars are intermediate in susceptibility, and the environment of the lower central incisors is the most caries resistant.View full abstractDownload PDF (1650K) -
Tadashi YOSHIKAWA, Daisuke INABA, Koji KAWASAKI, Youichi IIJIMA, Okiuj ...1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 79-84
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of timing of laser irradiation on acid resistance of remineralized enamel. Sixty enamel samples were prepared for this study, and they were divided into 4 groups. Each sample was demineralized by lactic acid buffer, and 2 groups were irradiated with a Q-switch Nd-YAG laser. One of the lased groups and one of the unlased groups were remineralized with fluoride, and the others were remineralized without fluoride. After remineralization, the unlased groups were irradiated with a Q switch Nd-YAG laser. After all treatments were finished, the samples were immersed in 0.1M lactic acid solution, and dissolved calcium was measured as a function of time from 15 to 180 minutes.
After an immersion of 15 minutes, the dissolved calcium of the remineralized with fluoride and lased group was lowest, so the highest acid resistance was found in this group. There was no statistical difference between the other 3 groups. This result suggested that laser irradiation was effective on mineral rich enamel. However, after an immersion of more than 30 minutes, there was no influence on the timing of laser irradiation, but it depended on the condition of remineralization. Therefore laser irradiation of demineralized enamel before remineralization made in easy to destroy the surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1411K) -
Nobuhiro TAGUCHI1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 85-96
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
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Revaluation of Application Methods IAkiko NISHIDA, Mizuo KANI, Shunji IKUTA, Kenji YOKOI, Atsunori ISOZAKI ...1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 97-103
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was designed to revalue topical fluoride treatment time and the time to refrain from rinsing, eating or drinking following a professional application.
In order to investigate the application time, human enamel powder was given a topical fluoride application treatment with APF solution (pH 3.6, F-: 9, 000ppm) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8min. We compared fluoride uptake, Ca/P molar ratio and acid resistance test between all fluoride groups and the control.
The fluoride concentrations in powder were similar in all groups of 3min or more, and were not statistically different in each group. After washing with 1 M KOH solution, fluoride concentration was decreased in all groups. Although in the 4min group some fluoride remained, all other fluoride groups proved not to be statistically different from each other in treatment time.
In all groups, after treatment with fluoride, Ca/P molar ratio was increased significantly, suggesting the production of CaF2 in the enamel powder.
The acid resistance test proved that release of calcium was inhibited in all fluoride groups both after treatment and after washing with 1 M KOH solution, though they showed a little difference depending on the demineralization time. All fluoride groups had the same or more acid resistance than the 4min group.
To investigate the time for refraining from rinsing, eating or drinking, we measured the fluoride dissolved in water when the enamel powder treated for 4min with APF was immersed with or without stirring for 24h. When stirred, dissolved fluoride suddenly increased in all groups. We could not prove statistical difference in dissolved fluoride in the groups which were stirred directly after treatment, after 10, 20 and 30min.
These findings suggested that the application time can be shortened to 4min and the time for refraining from rinsing, eating or drinking can be shortened to 30min.View full abstractDownload PDF (1307K) -
Yuzuru AIZAWA1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 104-115
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of the present study was to differentiate S. sobrinus from S. mutans and to determine the species of mutans streptococci by PCR and DNA fingerprinting.
The ftf primer was designed according to the sequence data of the regions containing the active site of FTF from S. mutans GS-5. The forward primer of gtf primer 1 was designed according to the base sequence coding for a common amino acid (DNSNPVV) which was found near the active site of GTF from S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and S. downei. The forward primer of gtf primer 2 was designed according to the base sequence coding for a common amino acid (EGFSNFQ) which was found by searching the GTF sequence data from S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. downei and S. salivarius. The reverse primer of gtf primer 1 and gtf primer 2 was designed according to the base sequence coding for a common amino acid of the glucan binding domain of the gtf gene.
When 7 species of mutans streptococci were amplified by PCR using 3 kinds of primers, the ftf primer showed specific gene amplification in S. mutans, and the gtf primer 1 in S. cricetus, S. sobrinus and S. downei. The gtf primer 2 showed specific gene amplification in all 7 species of mutans streptococci.
The presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in clinical samples (saliva and plaques) could be evaluated by these 3 kinds of primers. Comparisons of EcoRI fingerprints to determine the 7 species of mutans streptococci showed the different digestion patterns in each species.View full abstractDownload PDF (3366K) -
Masami MORIOKA, Mika UEDA, Kanako YAMATO, Hiroyuki HAYASHI, Daisuke HI ...1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 116-121
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early step in bacterial infections is to adhere the pathogenic bacteria to the host tissue. The cell-aggregating activity of the specific bacteria is considered to be correlated with this mechanism. In this study, the cell aggregating activity of the bacterial surface components from Porphyromonas gingivalis was determined using human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Among the components tested, only the outer membrane vesicles aggregated the HGF actively. The aggregating activity disappeared by the heat treatment, suggesting that the cell aggregating factor is a proteinous substance. The activity was also inhibited by some protease inhibitors such as TLCK and leupeptin, but it was activated by dithiothreitol proportionally with the increase of the concentration. From these effects which resemble those of the thiol dependent trypsin like protease of P. gingivalis, we suggest that the cell aggregating factor of the outer membrane vesicles is associated with this enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (1348K) -
Koji HARA, Yoshikazu IIZUKA, Toshitaka HORIUCHI1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 122-124
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (539K) -
Koji HARA, Kazuaki KAWAMURA, Asako YAMAZAKI, Yoshikazu IIZUKA1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 125-127
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (568K) -
Koji HARA, Kazunari KIMOTO, Kazumi YAMAGUCHI, Yoshikazu IIZUKA1994 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 128-130
Published: January 30, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (382K)
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