JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH
Online ISSN : 2189-7379
Print ISSN : 0023-2831
ISSN-L : 0023-2831
Volume 32, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 434-438
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Ching Hui KUO
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 439-457
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Coinciding with the progress of human civilization, the incidence of dental caries has increased because of oral pollution, while human dentition shows a tendency towards reduction. Especially, since the historic ages the rate of reduction of facial bones and teeth has become inconsistant and because of rapid changes in human food and eating behavior, the discrepancy between them has become greater and greater as these periods have progressed. Thus through this phenomenon, the erupting time of teeth is prolonged, and the self cleansing action through mastication is decreased. This is considered to be one of the major factors causing an increase in the incidence of dental caries.
    From this point of view, I and my colleague have conducted many kinds of investigations incorporating evidence from the present era and evidence from Japanese skeletal remains. But because of variation in the kinds of dental caries, and the different effects caused by oral pollution and the tooth to denture base discrepancy, conclusive proof of significant correlations between the incidence of dental caries and the discrepancy has not been obtained yet. Because of this, this paper considers cervical dental caries as opposed to other dental caries because it has the simplest symptoms and seems to be the most closely related to the tooth to denture base discrepancy, and tries to draw general conclusions about the effect of the tooth to denture base discrepancy on cervical dental caries.
    In accordance with this thesis, the following four investigations have been conducted: 1. Observation of the decalcification of cervical enamel in the extracted teeth of young people. One hundred and seventy extracted teeth, which were extracted in the process of orthodontic treatment for young people with a large tooth to denture base discrepancy, were examined. The decalcification of cervical enamels and its rate, position, and degree were examined. Decalcification was observed in 96.5% of the extracted teeth belonging to those with a large tooth to denture base discrepancy, and the possibility that the decalcification is the expression of primitive dental caries was considered. 2. The measurement of-the tooth to denture base discrepancy in clinical cases in which there was much cervical dental caries. Eighteen clinical cases with much cervical dental caries were considered. The prevalence, the tooth-to-tooth distribution of cervical dental caries and the types of occlusion were examined. In ten cases in which the measurement of the tooth to denture base discrepancy was possible, the total discrepancy was measured with Tweed's method, and the results were compared with the data obtained from general population and discussed. In 83.3% of the cases there was crowding, bimaxillary protrusion, and maxillary protrusion, such that a deep relationship to the tooth to denture base discrepancy is indicated. Significant differences (p<0.001) in the statistical means of total discrepancy between the examined group and general population were seen 3. The relationship between the incidence of cervical dental caries and the tooth to denture base discrepancy in the general population was considered. Because there were so few clinical cases in the clinical investigation, tudy models, roentgenographic cephalograms, and panoramic radiograms of 905 young adults with an average age of 23 years and 7 months were used in discussing the relationship between the incidence of cervical dental caries and the tooth to denture base discrepancy. Below 0.001 level of significance, a definite correlation between the incidence of cervical dental caries and the tooth to denture base discrepancy was seen.
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  • En-ichiro NISHIHARA
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 458-463
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    After treatment with a substitution sweetener, Coupling sugar C, made in Japan, and a conventional sweetner, sucrose, the dental plaque formed on removable enamel slabs which had been placed on a device placed in the human oral cavity was subjected to the morphological survey by transmission electronmicroscopy. The deep layer of dental plaque formed on the 6th day after starting the treatment was used. There was no appreciable morphological difference in the dental plaque on the enamel slabs between 70% C-S. C treatment and 70 % sucrose treatment.
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  • Takashi TSURUMIZU, Yoshio FUKUDA, Makoto SATO, Fumiko OZAKI
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 464-469
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mutational phase III strains reduced caries in experimental animals. The proliferation in phase I was extremely inhibited in the presence of phase III in the oral cavity of hamsters, resulting in suppressed caries induction by phase I. In rats, the phase III strain induced from Str. mutans isolated from a rat could inhibit the growth of Str. mutans indigeneous in rats, and showed a caries-reducing effect, but the phase III strain induced from Str. mutans isolated from a human failed to exhibit the caries-reducing effect. There seemed to be a considerable degree of specificity between Str. mutans and the host.
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  • Kunio SUGIHARA, Kenji MANNO
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 470-473
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of toothpaste on taste were studied electrophysiologically wite the 4 basic gustatory stimuli (0.1M NaCl. 1.0M sucrose, 0.05M tataric acid and 0.005M quinine-HCl) in rats. Electrophysiological records of the 4 basic taste responses were obtained from the chorda tympani nerve, before and after treatment of the tongue with toothpaste.
    The summated chorda tympani nerve responses to NaCl, tartaric acid and quinine-HCl were inhibited by toothpaste applied to the tongue surface.
    Through the inhibitory effects of toothpaste on quinine-HCl were especially strong and lasting, these effects were reversible. There were no significant effects on responses to sucrose.
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  • Atsushi HATTORI, Keijiro ISHIBASHI, Sadamasa MINATO
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 474-479
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Oral streptococci produced extracellular polysaccharide in a medium containing sucrose and formed the artificial plaque on a stainless steel wire. Bacteria which produced highly viscous polysaccharide caused the formation of the thicker plaque than bacteria which produced less viscous polysacharide. Dextranase of Chaetomium gracile hydrolyzed bacterial polysaccharides which had low α-1, 6-glucosidic linkage (47-74%) as well as the commercial dextrans which had high linkage (95%). The enzyme degraded also the artificial plaque of oral streptococci.
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  • Katsuyoshi SHIROTO, Yoshihiro SHIMADA
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 480-488
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To study yellow and fluorescent lines induced by tetracycline antibiotics, 124 clinically sound first premolars extracted from 60 orthodontic patients born in 1961-1968, were examined. Serial ground sections were prepared and observed by light and fluorescent microscopy. The relation between the occurrence of lines and the yearly production and use of tetracycline antibiotics as published by the National Institute of Health of Japan was investigated.
    1. In the dentin, the occurrence of yellow and fluorescent lines in the 60 subjects were 35 (58.3%) and 52 (86.7%), and the mean number of yellow and fluorescent lines per tooth were 2.22 and 5.92, respectively.
    2. In the enamel, the occurrence of fluorescent line in the subjects was 20 (33.3%) and the mean number per tooth was 0.75, but yellow line was not found.
    3. The crown caltification period of first premolars was the period when the production of tetracycline antibiotics increased rapidly from 25 to 100 tons.
    From these findings, it was assumed that the teeth which calcified in the period from second half of 1960s to the first half of 1970s in Japan have a high occurrence of yellow and fluorescent lines.
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  • Kaoru KASAHARA, Takeshi KONDO
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 489-492
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Urinary fluorides are generally measured by means of the fluoride electrode. The F-electrode method is superior to the spectrophotometric method because of the need to perform preliminary sample treatments, but in the case of many samples, this method is inferior to the spectrophotometric method from the respect of measuring time.
    In this study, we determined the urinary fluoride concentrations using the “Ponalkit-F”, that is, the extraction of the La-ALC-F chelate complex by organic solvent after separation by microdiffusion.
    Fluoride concentrations in urine taken at random from thirty male adults, were 0.30±0.15 ppm (mean±S.D.) using microdiffusion and the “Ponalkit-F”, and 0.30±0.14 ppm by means of the F-electrode.
    In short, this method seems to be by no means inferior to the direct fluoride determination of urine using the F-electrode.
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  • Katsuhiko TAURA, Yoshihiro SHIMADA
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 493-503
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was undertaken to find the effect on dental caries of two factors, daily tooth brushing and dietary habits. Caries experience and dental plaque of 1, 842 children, 1 to 6 years old, attending nursery schools in Sendai, were examined. The correlation between dental findings and two habits, which were estimated by a questionnaire survey (Fig. 1), was statistically analyzed.
    The following results were obtained.
    1. The children who had unfavourable dietary habits such as poor appetite, unbalanced diet, eating at bedtime, and much time consumed in between-meal eating gradually increased in number with age from 1 to 6 years (Tables 2, 3, 5, 6).
    2. The children with unfavourable dietary habits had a higher mean deft than those who had good habits and the differences were often statistically significant (Tables 3-6).
    3. In studying the effect on dental caries by the combination of dietary and daily tooth brushing habits, it was assumed that the caries prevalence was mainly influenced by dietary habits irrespective of daily tooth brushing (Tables 7-9).
    4. The mean Debris Index (DI) score on the upper anteriors of the children with favourable dietary habits was lower than that of the children with unfavourable dietary habits (Tables 10, 11). However, in examining the effect on dental plaque of daily tooth brushing, the mean DI score of the children who brushed once or more daily was statistically significantly lower than that of the children who brushed less than once daily or not at all, regardless of dietary habits (Tables 12, 13).
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  • Makoto SATO, Fumiko OZAKI, Toshimithi HONMA, Shogoro OKADA, Takashi TS ...
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 504-510
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mutational phase III induced from Str. mutans by means of a mutagen lack in its cariogenicity. Moreover, phase III strains showed a caries-inhibitory effect when they were inoculated into the oral cavity of experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to isolate Str. mutans mutational phaseIII-like organisms from human dental plaque.
    Human dental plaque was collected from 204 infants and 109 adults. Plaque samples were smeared on TYC Agar and MS Agar plate. After incubation, colonies which resembled phase III strains were selected from both agar plates, and were subjected to the slide agglutination test using specific antisera against group H Str. mutans. Nine strains showed positive reaction against those sera, and were isolated.
    The characteristics of these nine strains were investigated with the following tests; mesurement of agglutination titer against anti-H group Str. mutans serum, bicchemical behaviour, plaque formation on the glass of the test tube, ouchterlonly test, and mesurement of glucosyltansferase activity.
    A few representative strains were examined for cariogenic activity in golden hamsters. All nine strains showed very similar behaviour in the tests, and there were much resemblance between them and Str. mutans mutational phase III strains. The tested strains induced no cariesin hamsters.
    Consequently, it was concluded that organisms which resemble Str. mutans mutational phase III strains might exist in human dental plaque.
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  • Takashi MATSUKUBO, Yoshinobu MAKI, Jin-ichiro SAZUKA, Michiko HATAE, Y ...
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 511-523
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. The caries preventive program that is operated by planning based on evaluation of the caries etiological factors can lead to the development of an effective caries preventive therapy and caries prevention.
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  • Keiichi TAKEI
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 524-540
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to examine the carious development on prematurely exposed rat molars. In this study, the first and second molars in the left side of the maxilla were artificially exposed before the normal eruption time. The normally erupted molars on the right side of the same animal served as controls.
    The results obtained were as follows.
    1) There were more carious fissures on the prematurely exposed molars than on the normally erupted molars. The earlier the molar was exposed, the more carious cavities it developed. (Fig. 1, 2)
    2) When the rats were fed a cariogenic diet (Diet #2000) after weaning, the number of carious cavities and fissures of the prematurely exposed molars increased remarkably before that of the normally erupted molars. (Fig. 3, 4)
    3) Even in the rats fed on the conventional diet after weaning, a considerable number of carious cavities and fissures were observed on the prematurely exposed molars. (Fig. 6, 8)
    4) The plaque score of the prematurely exposed molars of the rats fed on the various experi-mental diet increased significantly more than that of the normally erupted molars. (Fig. 10)
    5) The development of pre-eruptive maturation in the prematurely exposed molars was more irregular than in the normally erupted molars. (Photo. 4)
    From these results, it was concluded that the prematurely exposed rat molars were more sus-ceptible to caries, and pre-eruptive maturation decreased the caries susceptibility in the pre-eruptive period.
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  • Keiko KURITA
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 541-562
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Statistical studies on children with rampant caries were analysed in relation to daily habits. A partial correlation coefficient method was employed for these studies, and the work was done in the rural areas of Hokkaido. Six daily habits were selected and statistically analysed. This was also extended to bacteriological research work and longitudinal cohort analysis, which supported the partial correlation coefficient method.
    The results were as follows:
    1. Milk intake was associated with caries inhibitory factor in both anterior and posterior regions. 2. Intake of sweetened beverages affected extremely caries incidence on both anterior and posterior teeth, and this intake was also related to the severity of caries. 3. Intake of sweets demonstrated strongly a caries conducive factor. It was related to an incidence of anterior teeth caries and a severity of posterior teeth caries as well. 4. Caries conducive factors were studied and compared with intake of sweetened beverages and sweets intake in relation to effectiveness of caries incidence. Caries conducive factors were significantly demonstrated from sweetened beverages as far as the dmft of total regions and incidence of anterior teeth caries were concerned. Sweet were more associated with caries conducive factors than sweetened beverages from the view-point of caries severity in molar caries. 5. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of snacks and caries prevalence. 6. There was no significant influence on caries inhibition by brushing of children. 7. Brushing by the mother showed an evidence of caries inhibition in both of anterior and posterior regions, and of severity in molar caries as well. 8. Statistical analysis, using the partial correlation coefficient method were supported by longitudinal analysis of cohort study. Moreover, the cohort study showed the possibility of rampant caries inhibition by favorable changes of daily habits. 9. Total microbial counts were measures, which included Str. mutans in dental plaque of children. Caries conducive effectiveness of daily habits from the standpoint of bacteriological study was also proved. Moreover, the results of these studies were also supported by the caries activity test after 48 hours (CARIOSTAT).
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  • Seiichi WADA
    1983 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 563-578
    Published: 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to study the influence of diet on the incidence and severity of carious lesions and changes of microfolra in the plaque, 271 hamsters in the weaning period were inoculated with S. mutans (sero type d) orally and reared with a cariogenic diet (Diet 2000, CLEA Co., Japan).
    First investigations the cariogenic diet (powder) were kneaded (clayish), hardened (pellet), heated (powder, plate and pellet) with adding water, moreover, heated pellet diet was repowdered. Then the incidence and severity of carious lesions on each of them were studied, and the relation of the size of sucrose particles and quantity of sucrose in the diet with the incidence and severity of the carious lesions was evaluated.
    Next, quantitative microflora changes in the plaque were investigated, including S. mutans, and ATP analyses were made.
    The results were as follows:
    1) The size of sucrose particles in the powdered cariogenic diet were closely related to the incidence and severity of carious lesions. 2) As far as the incidence and severity of carious lesions are concerned, the physical qualities of diet are altered by various treatments. Especially, the more the adhesive properties of the diet were increased, the more the craious lesions were observed. 3) As far as the nutritional value of the diet, diminished by heating, are concerned, the influence on carious lesions was much less than the influence on the nutritional needs of the entire body system. 4) The incidence and severity of carious lesions did not depend upon the quantity of sucrose in the diet, when it was fed in pellet form (kneaded, hardened and heated). 5) The maxirnam stationary phase of S. mutans was prolonged by adding 5 % sucrose to Tripticase Soy Broth (BBL). 6) After 28 days, S. mutans was made up more than 80 % of the microflora in the hamster plaque. 7) The total number of microorganisms and S. mutans in the experimental groups was significantly increased, compared to the control groups. 8) The ATP studies were very useful in analysing the cariogenic plaque. 9) It is necessary to define the physical qualities of cariogenic diet in experimental studies.
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